中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 499-504.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1029

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

血栓弹力图评价关节置换后低分子肝素和利伐沙班的抗凝效果

简长春1,陈 宇2,陈 诚2,胡 宁2,黄 伟2   

  1. 1川北医学院附属医院骨科,四川省南充市 637000;2重庆医科大学附属第一医院骨科,重庆市 400016
  • 出版日期:2019-02-08 发布日期:2019-02-08
  • 通讯作者: 黄伟,博士后,教授,主任医师,重庆医科大学附属第一医院骨科,重庆市 400016
  • 作者简介:简长春,男,1987年生,四川省巴中市人,汉族,2015年重庆医科大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事关节外科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家高技术研究发展计划(863 计划)资助项目(2013AA032203);川北医学院校级科研发展计划项目(CBY17-A-YB12)

Anticoagulant effect of low-molecular-weight heparin versus rivaroxaban after arthroplasty assessed by thromboelastography  

Jian Changchun1, Chen Yu2, Chen Cheng2, Hu Ning2, Huang Wei2   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
  • Online:2019-02-08 Published:2019-02-08
  • Contact: Huang Wei, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
  • About author:Jian Changchun, Master, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the National High-Tech Research & Technology Program of China (863 Program), No. 2013AA032203; the Scientific Research Development Program of North Sichuan Medical College, No. CBY17-A-YB12

摘要:

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文题释义:
血栓弹力图:目前临床上尚缺乏有效的检测手段监测预防血栓治疗的效果。传统的凝血试验无法整体评估凝血的全过程。血栓弹力图能监测从血小板聚集、凝血到纤溶等整个动态过程,较全面地反映患者体内的凝血功能状态。
利伐沙班:是一种新型口服抗凝药物,具有高选择性,直接抑制凝血因子Xa活性。给药后2-4 h血药浓度达到峰值,半衰期为4-6 h,具有治疗窗广、生物利用度高、药代动力学稳定、有效性高等优点。
 
摘要
背景:低分子肝素和利伐沙班是髋膝关节置换后常用的2种抗凝药物。低分子肝素可能导致血小板减少,利伐沙班并未证明对血小板有影响。研究表明,两者均可降低深静脉血栓的发生率,然而目前临床上对于两者的选择仍然存在争议。
目的:利用血栓弹力图评价行髋膝关节置换患者使用低分子肝素或利伐沙班抗凝后的凝血功能改变,并分析2种药物的抗凝效果及血小板计数差异。
方法:对2014至2017年在重庆医科大学附属第一医院骨科行初次髋膝关节置换的397例患者进行前瞻性研究。患者随机分为2组,低分子肝素组195例患者术后12 h皮下注射低分子肝素4 000 IU抗凝治疗;利伐沙班组202例患者术后12 h开始使用10 mg利伐沙班抗凝治疗。所有患者分别于术前、术后第1,3,5,7天行血栓弹力图及血小板计数检查。比较不同时间的高凝患者比例及血小板计数差异,并分析原因。
结果与结论:①低分子肝素组术后第1-7天高凝状态患者比例逐渐增加,术后第7天达93.1%;利伐沙班组术后第3天高凝状态患者比例较第1天降低,第3-7天高凝状态患者比例逐渐增加,术后第7天达75.3%;2组比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②2组患者术后第3天患者血小板计数平均值均较术前轻微降低;而第3-7天血小板计数平均值逐渐增加,至第7天明显高于术前水平,且利伐沙班组血小板计数平均值高于低分子肝素组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③血栓弹力图检测结果提示,髋膝关节置换后使用利伐沙班的抗凝效果优于低分子肝素;低分子肝素可能抑制术后血小板数量的反应性增加。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0003-0108-7411(简长春)

关键词: 血栓弹力图, 血小板计数, 关节置换, 低分子肝素, 利伐沙班

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Low-molecular-weight heparin and rivaroxaban are commonly used anticoagulant drugs after hip and knee arthroplasties. Low-molecular-weight heparin may cause decrease in platelets, and rivaroxaban has been shown to make no effect on platelets. Both of them have been shown to decrease the incidence of deep venous thrombosis, while these choices in clinic still remain controversial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the coagulation function of patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty after anticoagulation using low-molecular-weight heparin or rivaroxaban by thromboelastograph, and to analyze the differences in anticoagulant effect and platelet count between two drugs.
METHODS: A prospective study was conducted, including 397 patients undergoing unilateral knee or hip arthroplasty at the Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2014 to 2017. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, 195 patients in the low-molecular-weight heparin group received subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin (4 000 IU) at 12 hours postoperatively. 202 patients in the rivaroxaban group received 10 mg of rivaroxaban orally at 12 hours postoperatively. Thromboelastograph and platelet count were performed at baseline, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days postoperatively. The differences of proportion of hypercoagulability and platelet count were compared between two groups at different time points, and the reason was analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the low-molecular-weight heparin group, the proportion of patients with hypercoagulability increased gradually from 1 to 7 days after surgery, which reached to 93.1% on day 7. In the rivaroxaban group, the proportion of patients with hypercoagulability on day 3 was lower than that on day 1 after surgery, and the proportion of hypercoagulability increased gradually during the 3-7 days, which reached to 75.3% on day 7. There was significant difference in the proportion of hypercoagulability between two groups (P < 0.05). (2) The average platelet count in both groups decreased slightly than that at baseline. However, the average platelet count increased during 3-7 days after surgery, and the count on day 7 was significantly higher than the baseline level. The average platelet count in the rivaroxaban group was significantly higher than that in the low-molecular-weight heparin group (P < 0.05). (3) Thromboelastograph results indicate that the anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban is better than that of low-molecular-weight heparin after hip and knee arthroplasties, and the latter may inhibit the reactivity of platelet counts after surgery.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Platelet Count, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight, Tissue Engineering

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