中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (15): 2321-2326.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0730

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

阿司匹林预防全膝关节置换后静脉血栓的有效及安全性

张 杭,张志强,贺 强,何云利,张 乾,冯 哲,李 岩,何 森   

  1. 天津市北辰医院骨关节科,天津市 300400
  • 出版日期:2018-05-28 发布日期:2018-05-28
  • 通讯作者: 何森,硕士,副主任医师,天津市北辰医院骨关节科,天津市 300400
  • 作者简介:张杭,男,1986年生,河南省南阳市人,汉族,2013年天津医科大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事关节外科研究。

Efficacy and safety of aspirin for venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty  

Zhang Hang, Zhang Zhi-qiang, He Qiang, He Yun-li, Zhang Qian, Feng Zhe, Li Yan, He Sen   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300400, China
  • Online:2018-05-28 Published:2018-05-28
  • Contact: He Sen, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300400, China
  • About author:Zhang Hang, Master, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300400, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 
 
文题释义:
阿司匹林:2012年美国胸科学会(American College of Chest Physicians,ACCP)发表的静脉血栓栓塞预防指南认为阿司匹林可以用于大型骨科手术患者静脉血栓栓塞预防(推荐等级1B级);并且有充分的公布数据显示阿司匹林在关节置换后预防静脉血栓栓塞的疗效;阿司匹林廉价,易于施用,耐受性好,不需要血液监测,具有良好的安全性。
风险分层:根据静脉血栓栓塞风险评估分数来指导应用静脉血栓栓塞预防措施,风险分层能够确定血栓预防治疗的时机(针对有风险人群进行抗血栓治疗),指导治疗的选择,判断哪些患者可以安全地不用血栓预防治疗,并避免这些药物的不良后果,包括出血、伤口不愈合、伤口感染和增加死亡率。
 
摘要
背景:关于静脉血栓栓塞的最佳预防策略目前存在争议,特别是对于具有较高风险的全膝关节置换患者,尚没有完全安全、有效和廉价的血栓预防药物。
目的:探讨全膝关节置换后应用阿司匹林预防静脉血栓的有效性及安全性。
方法:入选2014年9月至2016年12 月初次行单侧全膝关节置换的300例患者,随机分为常规抗凝组和风险分层组各150例,其中男88例,女212例;年龄49-85岁。常规抗凝组均接受低分子肝素预防治疗;风险分层组术前根据静脉血栓栓塞风险分层,64例低风险患者接受阿司匹林预防治疗,86例高风险患者接受低分子肝素预防治疗;统计患者术后90 d内出现下肢深静脉血栓、肺栓塞、伤口感染、出血及死亡等并发症。
结果与结论:①随访术后90 d内共有39例(13%)出现并发症。其中6例(2%)发生症状性深静脉血栓,19例(6.33%)发生伤口并发症。常规抗凝组和风险分层组各有3例(2%)发生症状性深静脉血栓;②接受阿司匹林治疗的患者(风险分层低风险组)症状性深静脉血栓、近端深静脉血栓和远端深静脉血栓及肺栓塞的发生率分别为1.56%(1例),1.56%(1例),4.68%(3例)和0%;而接受低分子量肝素治疗的患者(常规抗凝组和风险分层高风险组)上述指标发生率分别为2.12%(5例),0.85%(2例),5.08%(12例)和0.42%(1例),差异无显著性意义 (P > 0.05);③常规抗凝组发生伤口并发症11例,风险分层组8例(χ2=506,P=0.318);④接受阿司匹林治疗的患者(风险分层低风险组)伤口延迟愈合、表浅伤口感染和深部伤口感染发生率分别为1.56%(1例),0%,1.56%(1例),接受低分子量肝素治疗的患者(常规抗凝组和风险分层高风险组)分别为5.51%(13例),1.27%(3例)和0.42%(1例);⑤结果表明,阿司匹林与低分子量肝素均能有效预防下肢深静脉血栓的发生,对于低风险患者,阿司匹林的多模式血栓预防是安全有效的。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-1958-7505(张杭)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 全膝关节置换术, 深静脉血栓, 静脉血栓栓塞, 阿司匹林, 低分子量肝素

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The best prevention strategy for venous thrombosis (VTE) is currently controversial, especially for patients with high risk of total knee arthroplasty. There are no fully safe, effective and inexpensive thrombus prevention drugs.

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of aspirin in preventing venous thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: 300 patients undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty from September 2014 to December 2016 were randomly divided into two groups: conventional anticoagulation group and risk stratification group (n=150 per group), including 88 males and 212 females at the age of 49-85 years old. The conventional anticoagulation group received low molecular weight heparin for prevention and treatment. Risk stratification group was stratified according to the risk of venous thrombosis. 64 patients with low risk were treated with aspirin and 86 patients with high risk were treated with low molecular weight heparin. Complications were analyzed within 90 days after surgery, including deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, wound infection, bleeding and death.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Complications occurred in 39 cases (13%) within 90 days after follow-up. The total incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis complications was 2% in 6 cases, and 19 cases (6.33%) had wound complications. There were 3 cases (2%) of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis in conventional anticoagulation group and 3 cases (2%) in risk stratification group. (2) The incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis, proximal deep vein thrombosis and distal deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were 1.56% (1 case), 1.56% (1 case), 4.68% (3 cases), and 0% respectively in patients treated with aspirin. The incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis, proximal deep vein thrombosis and distal deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in patients receiving low molecular weight heparin were 2.12% (5 cases), 0.85% (2 cases), 5.08% (12 cases) and 0.42% (1 case), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). (3) There were 11 cases of wound complications in the conventional anticoagulation group and 8 cases in the risk stratification group (χ² = 506, P = 0.318). (4) The incidences of wound-related complications (wound delayed healing, superficial wound infection and deep wound infection) were 1.56% (1 case), 0% and 1.56% (1 case) respectively in patients receiving aspirin, and 5.51% (13 cases), 1.27% (3 cases) and 0.42% (1 case) in patients receiving low molecular weight heparin. (5) Results suggested that aspirin and low molecular weight heparin can effectively prevent the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis. For low-risk patients, aspirin multi-mode thrombosis prevention is safe and effective.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Venous Thrombosis, Aspirin, Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight, Tissue Engineering

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