中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 172-177.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0691

• 组织工程骨及软骨材料 tissue-engineered bone and cartilage materials • 上一篇    下一篇

椎体后凸成形治疗Kummell病过程中发生的骨水泥渗漏

路文超,王宇鹏,湛 川   

  1. 中国医科大学附属第四医院骨科,辽宁省沈阳市 110032
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-29 出版日期:2019-01-18 发布日期:2019-01-18
  • 通讯作者: 湛川,教授,主任医师,中国医科大学附属第四医院骨二科,辽宁省沈阳市 110032
  • 作者简介:路文超,男,1989年生,河南省开封市人,汉族,中国医科大学在读硕士,主要从事脊柱外科研究。

Kummell disease: bone cement leakage during kyphoplasty

Lu Wenchao, Wang Yupeng, Zhan Chuan   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2018-07-29 Online:2019-01-18 Published:2019-01-18
  • Contact: Zhan Chuan, Professor, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Lu Wenchao, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
经皮椎体后凸成形:是一种对经皮椎体成形的改进脊柱微创技术,通过球囊扩张椎体,可以较低压力灌注骨水泥,有效恢复椎体高度和矫正后凸畸形,且骨水泥渗漏率明显低于经皮椎体成形,目前已成为治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的主要方法之一。
Kummell病:是一种少见的特殊类型骨质疏松性椎体骨折不愈合,多发生于中老年患者,又称创伤后迟发性椎体骨坏死、椎体内假关节形成、迟发性椎体塌陷、椎体内真空裂隙征等,致病机制尚未完全明确,大多数学者认为是在骨质疏松基础上椎体骨折处缺血坏死导致椎体塌陷,假关节形成。
 
 
背景:目前关于骨质疏松性椎体骨折形态及磁共振表现与Kummell病的相关性已有相关报道,但关于骨质疏松性椎体骨折程度与Kummell病相关性的报道较少。
目的:分析骨质疏松性椎体骨折Genant分级与Kummell病的相关性,探讨Kummell病椎体后凸成形治疗中骨水泥并发症的防治。
方法:选择行保守治疗的老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者84例,共109例椎体,涉及骨折椎体节段为T9-L4,依据Genant半定量评估法将骨折椎体进行分级(轻度畸形48例、中度畸形34例、重度畸形27例),保守治疗6个月后复诊,MRI成像观察骨折椎体节段裂隙征发生情况,判定Kummell病,同时评估严重程度(Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型)。对诊断为Kummell病的患者进行骨水泥椎体后凸成形治疗,X射线观察骨水泥渗漏情况,治疗后随访观察疼痛、腰背部功能、椎体前缘高度及伤椎Cobb角恢复情况。

结果与结论:①84例患者中,23例出现骨折椎体节段裂隙征,轻、中、重度畸形患者中骨折椎体节段裂隙征的发生率分别为3%,6%,12%,以T12椎体多发;②23例Kummell病患者经骨水泥椎体后凸成形治疗后,6例Ⅰ型患者中发生骨水泥椎间盘渗漏、椎旁渗漏各1例,14例Ⅱ型患者中发生2例骨水泥椎间盘渗漏、1例椎旁渗漏,3例Ⅲ型患者中发生骨水泥椎间盘渗漏、椎旁渗漏各1例;不同分型间椎间盘渗漏、椎旁渗漏发生率比较无差异;③23例患者治疗后随访6个月时的疼痛、腰背部功能、椎体前缘高度及伤椎Cobb角均较治疗前明显改善(P < 0.05);④结果表明,随着骨质疏松性椎体骨折Genant分级的提高,Kummell病发生率随之增加,采用椎体后凸成形治疗Kummell病后的骨水泥渗漏率较高,且多趋于椎间盘内渗漏。

ORCID: 0000-0002-1411-9155(路文超) 

关键词: 骨水泥, 骨水泥渗漏, 骨生物材料, Kummell病, 骨质疏松, 椎体压缩性骨折, 椎体裂隙征, 迟发性椎体塌陷, 经皮椎体成形术, 经皮穿刺后凸成形术, 生物材料

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Kummell disease has certain correlation with osteoporotic vertebral fracture morphology and magnetic resonance imaging manifestations; however, few reports focus on the correlation between the severity of osteoporotic vertebral fracture and Kummell disease.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between Genant classification and Kummell disease in osteoporotic vertebral fractures, and to investigate the prevention and treatment of bone cement complications during percutaneous kyphoplasty for the treatment of Kummell disease.
METHODS: Eighty-four elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures undergoing conservative treatment were selected. A total of 109 cases of vertebral bodies were involved. The T9-L4 vertebral body segments were involved in fractures. Fracture vertebral bodies were graded according to the Genant semi-quantitative assessment method (48 cases of mild malformation, 34 cases of moderate malformation, and 27 cases of severe malformation). After 6 months of conservative treatment, they were referred again. MRI imaging was performed to observe the occurrence of fractured vertebral body segmental cleft, to determine Kummell disease, and to assess the severity of disease (type I, II, III). For patients diagnosed with Kummell disease, kyphoplasty with bone cement was performed. The bone cement leakage was observed by X-ray. The pain, lumbar back function, height of anterior vertebral body and recovery of Cobb angle were observed after treatment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Of the 184 patients, intervertebral vacuum cleft sign was found in 23 cases (mostly in the T12 segment), and its incidence with mild, moderate, and severe malformations was 3%, 6%, and 12%, respectively. (2) After kyphoplasty with bone cement, 1 case of intervertebral disc leakage and 1 case of paravertebral leakage were found in the 6 cases of type I Kummell disease; 2 cases of cemented intervertebral disc leakage and 1 case of paravertebral leakage were found in the 14 cases of type II Kummell disease; and 1 case of cemented intervertebral disc leakage and 1 case of paravertebral leakage were found in the 3 cases of type III Kummell disease. There was no difference in the incidence of intervertebral disc leakage and paravertebral leakage between different subtypes. (3) The pain, lumbar back function, anterior vertebral height and Cobb angle were significantly improved in 23 patients with Kummell disease at the 6-month follow-up (P < 0.05). These results reveal that with the increasing of Genant grading, the incidence of Kummell disease increases. The rate of bone cement leakage after kyphoplasty for Kummell disease is at a high level, and intradiscal leakage tends to occur in most cases. 

Key words: Kyphoplasty, Osteoporosis, Fractures, Compression, Tissue Engineering

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