中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (35): 5620-5624.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0364

• 数字化骨科 digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

基于三维重建模拟S1椎弓根螺钉的最佳置钉参数

万盛钰,林 旭,吴 超,邓佳燕   

  1. 自贡市第四人民医院骨科,四川省自贡市   643000
  • 出版日期:2018-12-18 发布日期:2018-12-18
  • 作者简介:万盛钰,男,1986年生,四川省自贡市人,汉族,2013年广州医科大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事脊柱外科研究。
  • 基金资助:

    四川省自贡市科技局科研项目(2016ZC11),项目名称为3D打印引导下个体化骶椎置钉治疗腰椎退行性行病变的临床研究

Best screw placement parameters in S1 pedicle based on three-dimensional reconstruction

Wan Shengyu, Lin Xu, Wu Chao, Deng Jiayan   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Online:2018-12-18 Published:2018-12-18
  • About author:Wan Shengyu, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:

     the Scientific Research Program of Science and Technology Bureau of Zigong, Sichuan Province, No. 2016ZC11

摘要:

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文题释义:
S1椎体置钉:S1椎体解剖形态区别于胸腰椎,其置钉所受影响较多:包括髂骨翼的阻挡,椎旁软组织及椎体前方神经血管的走形等,同时因S1为大多数脊柱疾病置钉的终末椎体,所承受的应力较大;为获得最佳的置钉,需个体化、精准化。
螺钉生物稳定性:骨密度与螺钉拔出力及相对位移成正相关。骨的力学性能决定于骨密度,螺钉试验中拔出力主要来源于骨钉之间的摩擦力,它反映了松质骨单位体积内骨的质量;因骶骨不具备典型的椎弓结构,其生物稳定性的增加主要通过螺钉的长度甚至穿透椎体前皮质来实现;同时向骨质密度强的骶岬部方向置钉。
 
摘要
背景:S1椎弓根螺钉的置入广泛应用于脊柱疾病的治疗。因骶骨本身并没有典型的椎弓根和侧块,定义骶骨横突与椎体间的过渡区为椎弓根;骶椎椎弓根内的骨质密度明显低于胸腰椎椎弓根;但S1椎体通常作为脊柱椎弓螺钉的终末椎体,承受极大的应力,临床随访中出现松动、断裂钉的并发症较多;因此对于S1椎体的置钉需个体化、精准化,以求获得最佳的生物力学。 
目的:通过数字化技术重建骨盆环结构模拟S1椎弓根置钉,为临床治疗提供解剖学参考。
方法:选取自贡市第四人民医院2017年4至8月行骨盆CT 薄层扫描的患者影像资料,排除骶椎及两侧髂骨存在外伤、骨病、先天性畸形、严重退变等情况,共获得108例成人骨盆薄层CT扫描数据。利用Mimics软件进行三维模型重建,数字化模拟最佳的空间位置置钉;以S1椎上关节突外侧缘与下缘交接处为进钉点,朝指向骶岬方向置钉。测量螺钉长度、螺钉的空间位置、螺钉钉帽与髂骨翼的相切距离、置钉平面髂骨翼之间的距离。
结果与结论:①S1椎弓根螺钉的左侧内倾角男性为(20.73±8.04)°,女性为(24.73±8.16)°,男女左侧内倾角相比较差异有显著性意义(P = 0.013);②右侧内倾角男性为(21.57±9.68)°,女性为(26.75±7.78)°,男女右侧内倾角比较差异有显著性意义(P = 0.003);③左侧螺帽与髂骨翼的相切距离男性为(2.20±4.33) mm,女性为(8.03±8.81) mm,男女左侧螺帽与髂骨翼相切的距离比较差异有显著性意义(P = 0.000);④右侧螺帽与髂骨翼的相切距离男性为(2.13±3.93) mm,女性为(7.57±6.70) mm,男女右侧螺帽与髂骨翼的相切距离比较差异有显著性意义(P = 0.000);⑤男性螺钉置入平面髂骨翼之间的距离为(76.96±9.47) mm,女性为(86.52±12.56) mm,男女置钉平面髂骨翼之间的距离相比较差异有显著性意义(P = 0.000);⑥男女左右侧螺钉置入的水平夹角及螺钉置入长度相比较无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑦3例重建模型因髂骨翼阻挡不能垂直及前内侧置钉;⑧结果详细描述了川南地区人群骶椎及骨盆环的解剖特点,其S1椎弓根螺钉的置入参数可作为临床应用的参考。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0001-5373-1104(万盛钰)

关键词: 骶椎, 骨盆, 椎弓根螺钉, 数字化

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Placement of S1 pedicle screw is widely used in the treatment of spinal diseases. Because the sacrum itself does not have typical pedicle and lateral block, the transitional area between sacral transverse process and vertebra is defined as pedicle. The bone density of S1 pedicle is significantly lower than that of pedicle of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. However, the S1 vertebra is usually the end vertebra of the spine arch screw, which suffers great stress, and there are many complications of loose and broken nail in clinical follow-up. Therefore, the fixation of the S1 vertebrae needs to be individualized and precise to obtain the best biomechanics.

OBJECTIVE: To reconstruct the pelvic ring structure by digital technology to simulate S1 pedicle screw placement, so as to provide anatomical reference for clinical practice.
METHODS: Pelvic CT data of 108 patients in Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital between April and August, 2017 obtained by CT thin slice scanning were included after excluding congenital malformation, and severe degeneration of the sacral and bilateral iliac bones. Three-dimensional model was reconstructed using Mimics software and optimal space nail was simulated by digital technology. S1 screw entry point was set as the intersection of lines where extension of S1 facet joint inferior margin and lateral margin cross over. The length of the screw, screw position, tangent distance screw nail cap and the iliac wing and the distance between plane wing of ilium nail were measured.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The left oblique angle (α) of S1 pedicle screws was (20.73±8.04)° in males, and (24.73±8.16)° in females (P=0.013). (2) The right α was (21.57±9.68)° in males and (26.75+7.78)° in females (P=0.003). (3) The distance between the left screw nail cap and the iliac wing (a) was (2.20±4.33) mm in males, and (8.03±8.81) mm in females (P=0.000). (4) The right a was (2.13±3.93) mm in males, and (7.57±6.70) mm in females (P=0.000). (5) The distance between planar iliac bone (b) of screw was (76.96±9.47) mm in males, and (86.52±12.56) mm in females (P=0.000). (6) There was no significant difference in the angle (β) of the left and right sides and the length (d) of screw implantation in females and males (P > 0.05). (7) Three patients could not receive vertical and medial anterior internal fixation due to iliac wing obstruction. (8) These results indicate that the anatomy of the sacral and pelvic rings in South Sichuan is described in detail. The parameters of the S1 pedicle screw implantation can be used as a reference for clinical application.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

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