中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (15): 2303-2308.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0189

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老年全髋关节置换后利伐沙班与低分子肝素预防深静脉血栓形成及失血情况对比

白云飞,房体刚,孙  瑞   

  1. 贵州省水城矿业集团总医院骨科,贵州省六盘水市  553000
  • 出版日期:2018-05-28 发布日期:2018-05-28
  • 作者简介:白云飞,男,1973年生,黑龙江省鸡西市人,满族,1999年遵义医学院毕业,副主任医师,主要从事关节外科及运动医学研究。

Rivaroxaban and low molecular heparin in prevention of deep venous thrombosis and blood loss after total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients

Bai Yun-fei, Fang Ti-gang, Sun Rui   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shuicheng Mining Group of Guizhou Province, Liupanshui 553000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Online:2018-05-28 Published:2018-05-28
  • About author:Bai Yun-fei, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shuicheng Mining Group of Guizhou Province, Liupanshui 553000, Guizhou Province, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
低分子肝素:目前在国内低分子肝素已经作为诸多手术后常规预防深静脉血栓形成的治疗方案,其具有一定的免疫原性,主要通过抗凝血酶Ⅲ发挥抗凝作用。在肝素临床应用中最常见的并发症是肝素诱导血小板减少症。若肝素长期在肝功能不全者中应用,可由于抗凝血酶Ⅲ的耗竭而增加血栓形成风险,同时由于其皮下注射可引起注射痛以及感染等问题影响了患者的依从性。
利伐沙班:是一种口服的直接Xa因子抑制剂,在预防高风险患者血栓形成以及治疗静脉血栓中具有较高的的安全性与有效性,与食物及其他药物相互作用小,目前在临床中已得到广泛应用。
 
摘要
背景:深静脉血栓形成及失血是老年全髋关节置换后常见的并发症,在临床中需要选取一种有效的治疗方案来降低其危害。
目的:对比观察利伐沙班与低分子肝素在老年全髋关节置换后预防深静脉血栓形成及失血的效果。
方法:选取2015年1月至2017年1月于贵州省水城矿业集团总医院骨科行单侧全髋关节置换的196例患者作为研究对象,随机分为2组,每组98例。观察组置换术后6 h口服利伐沙班,连用2周;对照组置换术后6 h皮下注射低分子肝素注射液,连用5周。于置换前及置换后1 d、1周、2周采用全自动血凝分析仪检测凝血指标;评估2组患者深静脉血栓形成情况;于置换前及置换后1,2,3,4周采用彩色多普勒超声检测股浅静脉及腘静脉的管径大小;记录2组患者失血情况。
结果与结论:①术后1,2周2组患者血清D-二聚体水平相比差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),观察组血清D-二聚体水平较对照组低;②观察组深静脉血栓发生率较对照组低,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③2组患者置换后1,2,3,4周股浅静脉及腘静脉管径相比差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05),观察组股浅静脉及腘静脉管径较对照组大;④2组患者隐性失血量及总失血量相比差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05),观察组隐性失血量及总失血量较对照组高;⑤结果表明,利伐沙班对老年全髋关节置换后深静脉血栓形成的预防具有积极意义,但隐性失血量较多,值得重视。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0001-6078-2321(白云飞)

关键词: 利伐沙班, 低分子肝素, 全髋关节置换, 深静脉血栓形成, 隐性失血, 骨科植入物

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Deep venous thrombosis and blood loss are common complications after total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients. Thus, it needs to pick valid treatments to reduce the harm in the clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To compare and observe the effects of rivaroxaban and low molecular heparin on preventing deep venous thrombosis and blood loss after total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients. 
METHODS: 196 cases in Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shuicheng Mining Group of Guizhou Province treated by unilateral total hip arthroplasty were enrolled between January 2015 and January 2017. They were randomly divided into observation group (98 cases) and control group (98 cases). The observation group was treated with oral rivaroxaban 6 hours after surgery for 2 consecutive weeks. The control group was subcutaneously injected with low molecular heparin injection 6 hours after surgery for 5 consecutive weeks. The coagulation index was measured by automatic coagulation analyzer at preoperative, 1 day, 1 and 2 weeks after surgery. Deep venous thrombosis was evaluated in the two groups. The caliber sizes of superficial femoral vein and popliteal vein were measured by color Doppler ultrasound before surgery, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after surgery. Blood loss was recorded in the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The difference in serum D-dimer levels was statistically significant 1 and 2 weeks after surgery in both groups (P < 0.05). Serum D-dimer levels were lower in the observation group than in the control group. (2) The incidence of deep venous thrombosis was lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The caliber size of superficial femoral vein and popliteal vein was significantly different 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after surgery in both groups (P < 0.05). The caliber size of superficial femoral vein and popliteal vein was larger in the observation group than in the control group. (4) Hidden blood loss and total blood loss were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). The hidden blood loss and total blood loss were higher in the observation group than in the control group. (5) Results suggest that rivaroxaban has a positive meaning for prevention of deep venous thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients. However, hidden blood loss is worthy of attention.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Heparin, Venous Thrombosis, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Blood Loss, Surgical, Tissue Engineering

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