中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (8): 1255-1260.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0145

• 组织构建临床实践 clinical practice in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

肾移植后肺部感染分期诊治:可提高肾移植后功能的稳定率

杨其顺1,姜  伟1,黄赤兵2   

  1. 1解放军281医院泌尿外科,河北省秦皇岛市  066100;2解放军第三军医大学新桥医院泌尿外二科,重庆市  400037
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-22 出版日期:2018-03-18 发布日期:2018-03-18
  • 通讯作者: 杨其顺,主治医师,解放军281医院泌尿外科,河北省秦皇岛市 066100
  • 作者简介:杨其顺,男,1981年生,山东省巨野县人,汉族,2006年第四军医大学毕业,主治医师,主要从事肾脏临床研究。

Staging diagnosis and treatment for pulmonary infection after renal transplantation can improve the stability of transplanted renal functions

Yang Qi-shun1, Jiang Wei1, Huang Chi-bing2   

  1. 1Department of Urological Surgery, No. 281 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Qinhuangdao 066100, Hebei Province, China; 2Second Department of Urological Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
  • Received:2017-10-22 Online:2018-03-18 Published:2018-03-18
  • Contact: Yang Qi-shun, Department of Urological Surgery, No. 281 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Qinhuangdao 066100, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Yang Qi-shun, Attending physician, Department of Urological Surgery, No. 281 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Qinhuangdao 066100, Hebei Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:
DCD:DCD为donation after cardiac death的简称,指公民在心脏死亡后器官捐献,以往称为无心跳器官捐献。DCD-Ⅰ类:入院前已死亡者;DCD-Ⅱ类:心肺复苏失败者,这类患者在心跳停止后立即给予心肺复苏;DCD-Ⅲ类:有计划的撤出心肺支持者等待心脏停跳的濒临死亡者;DCD-Ⅳ类:确定脑死亡的患者发生心脏停跳者。目前中国器官捐献分类:中国-Ⅰ类:国际标准化脑死亡器官捐献;中国-Ⅱ类:国际标准化心脏死亡捐献(DCD);中国-Ⅲ类:中国过渡时期脑-心双死亡标准器官捐献。
免疫抑制剂的分类:常用的免疫抑制剂主要有5类:①糖皮质激素类,如可的松和泼尼松;②微生物代谢产物,如环孢菌素和藤霉素等;③抗代谢物,如硫唑嘌呤和6-巯基嘌呤等;④多克隆和单克隆抗淋巴细胞抗体,如抗淋巴细胞球蛋白和OKT3等;⑤烷化剂类,如环磷酰胺等。
摘要
背景
:肾移植后肺部感染病情进展快,治疗中免疫抑制剂的调整至关重要,关系到肺炎的转归及移植肾功能的维护,因此对病情做到准确判定,选择合适的治疗方案对肾移植后肺炎的治疗具有重要意义。
目的:总结肾移植后肺部感染分期诊治情况与经验,探索恰当的治疗方案。
方法:回顾性分析178例肾移植后肺部感染患者进行分期诊治的临床资料。根据患者肺部炎症的病情进展,将肺部感染分为3期:感染早期、感染进展期、重症肺部感染期,予以不同的免疫抑制调整联合糖皮质激素抗炎治疗,在无确切临床病原学资料时,给予广谱抗生素、抗病毒、抗霉菌等药物联合治疗,病原学明确后,给予针对性抗感染治疗。
结果与结论:①178例肾移植后肺部感染患者,发病时间为肾移植后1-6个月90例(其中2-4个月78例),6-12个月16例,12-24个月14例,24-36个月12例,大于36个月46例;②肺部感染早期临床症状不突出,发热是最早或主要表现,有时是唯一的表现,部分病例有干咳、咳白色黏液痰,混合细菌或真菌感染时痰量增多,肺部体征多不明显,影像学检查主要表现为肺部间质性炎症;③178例患者中,173例治愈,治愈率97.2%,临床效果显著;④5例死亡病例中,3例死于急性呼吸衰竭,2例死于多器官功能衰竭。其中3例出现移植肾急性排异反应,6例出现移植肾功能受损,3例移植肾急性排异反应均成功逆转;⑤分析结果表明,肾移植后肺部感染起病大多隐匿,病程进展迅速。依据病情对肺部感染进行分期,及时调整免疫抑制剂联合激素实施个体化治疗方案,调整机体免疫抑制状态,及时明确肺部感染的病原体,采用针对性抗感染治疗,有助于提高肾移植后肺部感染治愈率和移植肾功能稳定率。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0003-2911-1938(杨其顺)

关键词: 肾移植, 肺部感染, 分期诊治, 个体化治疗

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Progress of lung infection after kidney transplantation is rapid, and the adjustment of immunosuppressive drugs is critical, which related to the prognosis of pneumonia and the maintenance of renal function. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis for the pneumonitis post-kidney transplantation is of great significance for choosing the appropriate treatment scheme.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infection at different periods after kidney transplantation, and then to explore the proper treatment scheme.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 178 cases of pulmonary infection at different periods after kidney transplantation was performed. According to the progress of patients with lung inflammation, the lung infection was divided into three phases: early, advanced, and phases, and then given different immunosuppressive treatments combined with glucocorticoids; for those with unclear pathogens, given broad-spectrum antibiotics, antiviral, anti-fungal and other drugs, and targeted anti-infective treatment was underwent once pathogen was confirmed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were 178 patients with pulmonary infection after kidney transplantation, 90 cases occurred at postoperative 1-6 months (78 cases at postoperative 2-4 months), 16 cases occurred at postoperative 6-12 months, 14 cases occurred at postoperative 12-24 months, 12 cases occurred at postoperative 24-36 months, and 46 cases occurred at postoperative more than 36 months. (2) The clinical symptoms of pulmonary infection at the early stage were not obvious, fever was the earliest or primary symptom, and sometimes it was the only symptom. In some cases, the patients appeared with dry cough, expectoration with white mucous sputum, and the amount of sputum increased if infected with mixed bacteria or fungus. But the pulmonary signs are unobvious, and the main imageology feature of lung tissues showed interstitial inflammation. (3) Totally 173 patients were cured, the recovery rate reached to 97.2% and the curative efficacy was satisfactory. (4) Among five patients who dead from pulmonary infection, three were died from acute respiratory failure, and two were for multiple organ failure. Three patients presented with acute rejection to transplant kidney and were cured, and six patients suffered impaired renal function. (5) These results suggest that there is potential risk for pulmonary infection after renal transplantation and it develops rapidly. Based on the situation of pulmonary infection, the physicians can adjust the dose of immunosuppressor and hormone in time, so as to improve the immunosuppressive state and clarify the pathogen for pulmonary infection, then corresponding treatment for anti-infection will be offered, which is beneficial to increase the recovery rate of pulmonary infection and improve the stability of transplanted renal functions.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

Key words: Kidney Transplantation, Lung, Infection, Individualized Medicine, Tissue Engineering

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