中国组织工程研究 ›› 2010, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (5): 769-772.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.05.003

• 肾移植 kidney transplantation • 上一篇    下一篇

肾移植后尿瘘“五步流程制度”建立对诊治规范化的意义

李  倩,李黔生,靳风烁,聂志林,霍文谦   

  1. 解放军第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所泌尿外科,重庆市  400042
  • 出版日期:2010-01-29 发布日期:2010-01-29
  • 作者简介:李 倩,女,1983年生,山东省莒县人,汉族, 2007年解放军第三军医大学毕业,医师,主要从事肾移植临床以及基础研究。 lqmeimei@126.com

Significance of “Five-step procedure protocol” for the normalization of diagnosis and treatment of urinary fistula following renal transplantation

Li Qian, Li Qian-sheng, Jin Feng-shuo, Nie Zhi-lin, Huo Wen-qian   

  1. Department of Urinary Surgery, Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Chongqing  400042, China
  • Online:2010-01-29 Published:2010-01-29
  • About author:Li Qian, Physician, Department of Urinary Surgery, Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Chongqing 400042, China lqmeimei@126.com

摘要:

背景:现有的肾移植后尿瘘诊治流程有一定的局限性,不能确切地反映出病变部位及病理变化程度,更体现不了病情变化程度。
目的:建立肾移植后尿瘘诊治的流程制度,探讨其在临床工作中应用的意义。
方法:选择肾移植后发生尿瘘患者102例,男67例,女35例。年龄21~57岁。根据企业管理模式,参照肾移植后尿瘘分类方式研究并制定了肾移植后尿瘘诊治“五步流程制度”,即定性、定位、定量、定类诊断四步骤,治疗一步骤。102例患者中,34例采用保守治疗,其中24例采用伤口置引流管和留置导尿管,10例输尿管膀胱吻合口置支架管;68例采用手术治疗,47例单纯性尿瘘中,输尿管与膀胱再植36例,输尿管与输尿管吻合11例,21例复杂性尿瘘中,2例肾盂瘘原位修补加带蒂大网膜覆盖,2例输尿管瘘和6例输尿管末端坏死与自体输尿管吻合加带蒂大网膜包绕吻合口,11例输尿管膀胱吻合口瘘中,7例重新与膀胱再植,4例与自体输尿管吻合加带蒂大网膜包绕。
结果与结论:保守治疗34例中反复尿路感染2例,输尿管膀胱吻合口狭窄5例;手术治疗68例中输尿管与输尿管吻合狭窄2例,输尿管膀胱吻合口狭窄1例和输尿管逆流1例。手术治疗组3例因尿瘘导致重症肺部感染死亡。其余99例中,长期门诊或信访随访77例,失访22例。单纯性尿瘘57例随访1~10年,40例移植肾功能正常,17例发生慢性排斥反应。复杂性尿瘘采用大网膜修补20例随访1~7年,19例移植肾功能正常,1例肌酐偏高,经激素冲击治疗后降至125 µmol/L,其余检查指标均正常。对肾移植后尿瘘诊断过程制定“定性、定位、定量、定类”诊断标准,建立诊治过程中的“五步流程”制度,可使尿瘘诊治更加有序及规范化,有利于选择最佳治疗方案。

关键词: 肾移植, 尿瘘, 诊治, 五步流程, 肾功能

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Present existed procedure protocol for urinary fistula has some limitations, which can not reflect diseased region, pathological change, or severe condition of patients.
OBJECTIVE: To establish the procedure protocol for urinary fistula diagnosis and treatment following renal transplantation, in addition, to investigate its significance in clinical practice.
METHODS: A total of 102 cases with urinary fistula, including 67 male and 35 female, range in age from 21 to 57 years. According to the business management mode, we have designed the “five-step procedure protocol” for the diagnosis and treatment of urinary fistula after renal transplantation. Four diagnosis steps consisting of qualitative, located, quantitative and classified, as well as one treatment step. Among 102 cases of urinary fistula, 34 were adopted conservative treatment, including 24 cases with drainage tube and retention type catheter, 10 cases with indwelling ureteric stents at tubal bladder. Other 68 cases received surgical treatment. In 47 cases with simple fistula, 36 cases received ureter/bladder replantation, 11 cases with ureteral anastomosis. Twenty-one cases with complex fistula were treated with surgical prosthesis using omentum majus after repairing.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among the 34 cases receiving conservative treatment, 2 got urinary tract infection repeatedly, and 5 got the stenosis of ureterovesical anastomotic stoma. Among the 68 cases receiving surgical treatment, 2 had ureteral stoma stricture, 1 ureterovesical anastomotic stoma stricture, and 1 ureteral countercurrent. In the surgical treatment series, 3 cases died from severe pulmonary infection elicited by urinary fistula. 77 cases were available for long-term follow-up, 22 were dropped out. In the 57 cases with simple fistula were followed up for 1-10 years, the transplanted renal function was normal in 40 cases, and 17 cases suffered from chronic rejection. 20 cases with complex fistula treated with surgical prosthesis using omentum majus were followed up for 1-7 years, 19 cases were normal, 1 patient had increased creatinine, which was returned to normal after intravenous glucocorticoid therapy. The design of “qualitative, located, quantitative and classified” standard for urinary fistula diagnosis following renal transplantation, and the establishment of “five-step procedure protocol”, make urinary fistula diagnosis and treatment more ordered and standard, which is more feasible for selecting optimal therapeutic scheme.

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