中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (22): 3464-3471.doi: 10.12307/2024.486

• 纳米生物材料 nanobiomaterials • 上一篇    下一篇

活性屏等离子表面改性技术制备纳米银涂层不锈钢的体外抗菌性能

王兆飞1,何国云1,田方灿2,李广峰1,曹中华1,刘祥飞1   

  1. 1上海中冶医院骨科,通用技术环球医疗,上海市  200941;2宣威市第二人民医院骨科,云南省宣威市  655099
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-02 接受日期:2023-09-28 出版日期:2024-08-08 发布日期:2024-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘祥飞,副主任医师,上海中冶医院骨科,通用技术环球医疗,上海市 200941
  • 作者简介:王兆飞,男,1992年生,安徽省亳州市人,汉族,哈尔滨医科大学在读博士,主治医师,主要从事骨与软组织感染、慢性创面修复的临床与基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    上海市宝山区科学技术委员会科技创新专项资金(20-E-38),项目负责人:王兆飞;上海市宝山区卫生健康委优青(育才)计划项目(BSWSYC-2023-15),项目负责人:王兆飞;上海市宝山区科学技术委员会科技创新专项资金(2023-E-27),项目参与人:王兆飞

Antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticle-coated stainless steel prepared via active screen plasma surface modification in vitro

Wang Zhaofei1, He Guoyun1, Tian Fangcan2, Li Guangfeng1, Cao Zhonghua1, Liu Xiangfei1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai ZhongYe Hospital, Genertec Universal Medical Group, Shanghai 200941, China; 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuanwei Second People’s Hospital, Xuanwei 655099, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2023-08-02 Accepted:2023-09-28 Online:2024-08-08 Published:2024-01-20
  • Contact: Liu Xiangfei, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai ZhongYe Hospital, Genertec Universal Medical Group, Shanghai 200941, China
  • About author:Wang Zhaofei, Doctoral candidate, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai ZhongYe Hospital, Genertec Universal Medical Group, Shanghai 200941, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Commission of Baoshan District of Shanghai, No. 20-E-38 and 2023-E-27 (to WZF); Baoshan District Health Commission Excellent Youth (Yucai) Program, No. BSWSYC-2023-15 (to WZF)

摘要:


文题释义:

活性屏等离子体技术:由英国伯明翰大学冶金与材料学院表面工程教授董汉山首次提出,通过高压离子场轰击多孔纯银活性屏,将银离子“埋入”不锈钢基质深层形成具有抗菌能力的银离子涂层材料;此外,由于银离子是“包覆”在不锈钢基质材料中,与不锈钢基质紧密结合,其抗菌能力“持久不衰”。
低温渗碳工艺:通过低温渗碳在不锈钢表面得到的S相,进一步显著提高了不锈钢的耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、硬度、耐疲劳性,在医学、生物等领域有广泛的应用前景。


背景:既往利用活性屏等离子技术制备的银涂层大都不涉及纳米领域,形成的银涂层为“薄膜样”,被覆基质表层且表面银颗粒分布不均,其长效抗菌能力受到挑战。

目的:采用活性屏等离子体表面改性(ASPSM)技术制备可“埋入”不锈钢(SS)基质内部的纳米银涂层,观察其抗菌能力。
方法:以不锈钢为基体,采用ASPSM技术制备纳米银涂层,其中通过调整轰击时间(1,2,4 h)制备3组涂层样品,分别记为1 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS、2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS和4 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,通过抑菌环实验、革兰染色分析3组涂层的抗菌能力。以不锈钢为基体,制备庆大霉素联合万古霉素抗生素涂层样品,记为ACNs。将不锈钢、2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS、ACNs分别插入金黄色葡萄球菌或铜绿假单胞菌悬液中,采用涂布平板法分析样品长效(84 d)抗菌能力。将骨髓间充质干细胞分别与不锈钢、2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS、ACNs共培养,进行CCK-8、活死染色与细胞上清乳酸脱氢酶活性检测。取连续暴露于金黄色葡萄球菌悬液12周后的不锈钢、2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS、ACNs,采用滚平板法评估材料表面残留活菌量,采用万古霉素药敏纸片法评估材料表面残留活菌耐药性。

结果与结论:①随着轰击时间的延长,样品表面纳米银的直径与含量逐渐增加,其中2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS在形成了均匀球形纳米颗粒的情况下表面银含量较高。②抑菌环实验、革兰染色显示,相较于1 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS、4 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS对金黄色葡萄球菌与铜绿假单胞菌有更好的抑制效果。与两种细菌共培养42,84 d后,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS组洗脱液涂布平板上的活菌数量显著少于不锈钢组、ACNs组;与金黄色葡萄球菌共培养84 d后、与铜绿假单胞菌共培养42 d后,ACNs组洗脱液涂布平板上的活菌数量多于不锈钢组。③CCK-8、活死染色与细胞上清乳酸脱氢酶活性检测显示,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS无明显的细胞毒性,ACNs具有明显的细胞毒性。④与金黄色葡萄球菌共培养12周后,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS组表面残留活菌量少于不锈钢组,ACNs组表面残留活菌量多于不锈钢组;与不锈钢组比较,ACNs组表面残留活菌株对万古霉素的敏感性显著下降(P < 0.001),2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS组表面残留活菌株对万古霉素的敏感性无明显变化(P > 0.05)。⑤结果表明,ASPSM技术制备的纳米银涂层提高了不锈钢表面纳米银含量的沉积效率,并且具有持久的抗菌特性、良好的细胞相容性。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 活性屏等离子, 纳米银颗粒, 不锈钢, 抗生素骨水泥, 抗菌性, 耐药性, 植入物相关性感染

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Most of the silver coating materials prepared using active screen plasma technology in the past do not involve the nanotechnology field. The formed silver coating is in a “thin film” form, which is coated on the surface of the substrate, and the distribution of silver particles on the surface is uneven. Its long-term antibacterial ability is challenged. 
OBJECTIVE: To prepare nano silver coatings capable of being “buried” within stainless steel (SS) substrates using active screen plasma surface modification (ASPSM) and to observe antibacterial activity.
METHODS: The nano-silver coating was prepared by ASPSM technique on stainless steel substrate. Three groups of coating samples were prepared by adjusting the bombardment time (1, 2, and 4 hours), which were denoted as 1 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS, 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS and 4 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the coatings was analyzed by antibacterial ring test and Gram staining. The antibiotic coating samples of gentamicin combined with vancomycin were prepared by using stainless steel as substrate and were recorded as ACNs. Stainless steel, 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS, and ACNs were inserted into Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension, respectively. The long-acting (84 days) antibacterial activity of the samples was analyzed by coating plate method. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with stainless steel, 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS, and ACNs, respectively. CCK-8 assay, dead/alive staining, and lactate dehydrogenase activity of cell supernatant were detected. Stainless steel, 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS, and ACNs were taken after continuous exposure to Staphylococcus aureus suspension for 12 weeks. The amount of residual viable bacteria on the surface of the material was evaluated by spread plate method. Vancomycin drug sensitive disk method was used to evaluate the resistance of residual live bacteria on the surface of materials.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With increasing bombardment time, the diameter of nano silver on the sample surface and the silver content in the coating gradually increased. Among them, the 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS exhibited the highest surface silver content while forming uniformly spherical nanoparticles. (2) Antibacterial ring test and Gram staining results demonstrated that compared with 1 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS and 4 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS, the 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS exhibited better inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. After co-culturing with bacteria for 42 and 84 days, the number of viable bacteria on the spread plate method was significantly lower in the 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS group compared to the stainless steel and ACNs groups. After co-culturing with Staphylococcus aureus for 84 days and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 42 days, the number of viable bacteria on the surface of the eluate from the ACNs group was higher than that of the stainless steel group. (3) CCK-8 assay, live/dead staining and lactate dehydrogenase activity of cell supernatant displayed that 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS did not have obvious cytotoxicity. ACNs showed obvious cytotoxicity. (4) After co-culture with Staphylococcus aureus for 12 weeks, the residual viable bacteria on the surface of 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS group was less than that of stainless steel group, and the residual viable bacteria on the surface of the ACNs group was more than that of stainless steel group. Compared with the stainless steel group, the sensitivity to vancomycin was significantly decreased in the ACNs group (P < 0.001), and there was no significant change in sensitivity to vancomycin in 2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS group (P > 0.05). (5) The above results indicate that the silver nanoparticle coated stainless steel greatly improves the deposition efficiency of silver nanoparticles on the stainless steel surface and has long-lasting antibacterial properties and good cell compatibility.

Key words: active screen plasma, silver nanoparticle, stainless steel, antibiotic bone cement, antimicrobial property, drug resistance, implant-related infection

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