中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (28): 4487-4493.doi: 10.12307/2023.556

• 组织构建实验造模 experimental modeling in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

人参皂苷Rg1对D-半乳糖诱导脑老化小鼠学习记忆功能的影响

杨雅竹1,2,杜  鹃3,屈海峰1,李建民1,2,张宇新3,刘俊杰1,2   

  1. 华北理工大学,1临床医学院,3基础医学院,河北省唐山市  063000;2华北理工大学附属医院神经外科,河北省唐山市  063000
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-23 接受日期:2022-08-08 出版日期:2023-10-08 发布日期:2023-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘俊杰,讲师,硕士,主治医师,华北理工大学临床医学院,河北省唐山市 063000;华北理工大学附属医院神经外科,河北省唐山市 063000
  • 作者简介:杨雅竹,女,2000年生,四川省德阳市人,汉族,主要从事脑老化损伤机制及保护策略研究。
  • 基金资助:
    脑老化及综合干预研究人才培养项目(381094),项目负责人:李建民

Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on learning and memory ability of brain aging mice induced by D-galactose

Yang Yazhu1, 2, Du Juan3, Qu Haifeng1, Li Jianmin1, 2, Zhang Yuxin3, Liu Junjie1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Clinical Medicine, 3Department of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2022-06-23 Accepted:2022-08-08 Online:2023-10-08 Published:2023-01-29
  • Contact: Liu Junjie, Master, Lecturer, Attending physician, Department of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Yang Yazhu, Department of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Brain Aging and Comprehensive Intervention Research Talent Training Project, No. 381094 (to LJM)

摘要:

文题释义:

突触后密度蛋白95:是突触后致密区接受和整合突触信号并将其传导给突触后细胞的主要蛋白之一,也是一种重要的细胞脚手架蛋白,对突触的生物学功能及其可塑性发挥重要作用,与认知、学习和记忆功能密切相关,成为近年来脑老化领域的研究热点。
人参皂苷Rg1:是人参重要的抗衰老成分之一,具有抗氧化、抗炎、保护神经功能等作用。已有研究证明其能有效延缓脑衰老,但其具体机制尚不清楚。人参皂苷Rg1是目前脑老化领域研究比较多、也比较具代表性的成分之一,但目前关于Rg1改善脑老化的分子机制仍尚未统一,亟待深入研究。
脑源性神经营养因子:是一种小型的、碱性的分泌蛋白,是神经营养因子家族的成员之一,也是哺乳动物脑内最丰富的神经营养因子,主要作用是调节活性依赖的神经元的功能及突触可塑性,它及其相关蛋白的信号通路(如脑源性神经营养因子/TrkB信号通路)与学习和记忆力密切相关,在树突和轴突结构发育、细胞增殖和生存等方面发挥重要作用。

背景:脑老化可导致学习记忆功能减退,其机制并不明确。近年研究发现,人参皂苷Rg1可提高阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的学习记忆能力,其机制可能与其改善突触后密度蛋白95的表达相关。
目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg1能否通过脑源性神经营养因子/TrkB 信号通路改善D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠的学习记忆功能与海马区突触后密度蛋白95的表达。
方法:取50只雄性昆仑种小鼠,采用随机数字表法分为5组,每组10只:A组不进行任何处理;B组皮下注射D-半乳糖溶液300 mg/(kg·d)建立脑老化模型;C组造模1 h后每天灌胃给予盐酸多奈哌齐;D组造模1 h后每天灌胃给予人参皂苷Rg1 ;E组造模1 h后每天灌胃给予人参皂苷Rg1,并且腹腔注射选择性TrkB阻断剂ANA-12(每2 d一次)。持续给药6周后,进行学习记忆能力(旷场实验、新物体识别实验、Morris水迷宫实验)测试、脑组织形态学观察及小鼠海马区突触后密度蛋白95、脑源性神经营养因子的蛋白表达检测。

结果与结论:①行为学结果显示:B组小鼠学习记忆能力低于A组(P < 0.05);C、D组小鼠学习记忆能力高于B组(P < 0.05);D组小鼠学习记忆能力低于C组(P < 0.05);E组小鼠学习记忆能力低于D组(P < 0.05);②苏木精-伊红、Nissl染色显示,与A组相比,B组小鼠海马CA1区正常神经元数量减少,尼氏体表达明显减少;与B组相比,C、D组正常神经元数量增多,尼氏小体颗粒明显增加;与D组相比,E组正常神经元数量减少,尼氏小体颗粒明显减少;③Western blot检测显示,与A组相比,B组脑源性神经营养因子、突触后密度蛋白95的蛋白表达降低(P < 0.05);与B组相比,C、D组脑源性神经营养因子、突触后密度蛋白95的蛋白表达升高(P < 0.05);D组小鼠海马脑源性神经营养因子、突触后密度蛋白95的蛋白表达低于C组(P < 0.05);与D组相比,E组突触后密度蛋白95的蛋白表达降低(P < 0.05),脑源性神经营养因子蛋白表达无明显变化(P > 0.05);④结果表明,人参皂苷Rg1可改善D-半乳糖诱导的脑老化小鼠神经元损伤与学习记忆能力,并促进海马中突触后密度蛋白95的表达,而脑源性神经营养因/TrkB信号通路可能为其调控机制之一。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-1731(杨雅竹)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 脑老化, D-半乳糖, 人参皂苷Rg1, 脑源性神经营养因子, TrkB信号通路, 突触后密度蛋白95

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Brain aging can decline learning and memory functions, and the mechanism is not clear. Recent studies have found that ginsenoside Rb1 can improve the learning and memory ability of Alzheimer’s disease model mice, and its mechanism may be related to the improvement of postsynaptic density protein 95 expression.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether ginsenoside Rg1 can improve the learning and memory function and postsynaptic density protein 95 expression in the hippocampus of D-galactose-induced aging mice through brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB signaling pathway. 
METHODS: Fifty male SPF Kunlun mice were randomly divided into five groups, A, B, C, D, and E, with 10 mice in each group. Group A: normal blank control group with no treatment; group B: brain aging model was established through subcutaneous injection of D-galactose solution 300 mg/kg per day; group C: at 1 hour after modeling, donepezil hydrochloride was intragastrically administered daily; group D: at 1 hour after modeling, ginsenoside Rg1 was intragastrically given; group E: at 1 hour after modeling, ginsenoside Rg1 (30 mg/kg per day) was intragastrically given and selective TrkB blocker ANA-12 was intraperitoneally injected every 2 days. Mice in each group were administered according to the corresponding dose and frequency for 6 weeks. The following contents were observed: learning and memory ability (open field test, novel object recognition test, and Morris water maze test); morphological observation of brain tissue using hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining; and western blot detection of postsynaptic density protein 95 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein expression in mouse hippocampus. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with group A, the learning and memory abilities of mice in group B were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); compared with group B, the learning and memory abilities of mice were significantly improved in groups C and D (P < 0.05); compared with group D, the learning and memory abilities of mice were significantly decreased in group E (P < 0.05). Results of hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining showed that: compared with group A, the number of normal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region was reduced and the expression of Nissl bodies was significantly reduced in group B; compared with group B, the number of normal neurons increased and the number of Nissl corpuscle granules increased significantly in groups C and D; compared with group D, the number of normal neurons was reduced and the expression of Nissl bodies were significantly reduced in group E. Western blot results indicated that compared with group A, the expressions of postsynaptic density protein 95 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus of mice were significantly decreased in group B (P < 0.05); compared with group B, the expressions of postsynaptic density protein 95 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were significantly increased in groups C and D (P < 0.05); compared with group D, the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 was significantly decreased in group E (P < 0.05), while the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor had no statistical difference (P > 0.05). To conclude, ginsenoside Rg1 can improve D-galactose-induced neuronal damage and learning and memory abilities in brain aging mice and promote the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 in the hippocampus. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrKB signaling pathway may be one of its mechanisms.

Key words: brain aging, D-galactose, ginsenoside Rg1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, TrkB signaling pathway, postsynaptic density protein 95

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