中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (29): 4716-4722.doi: 10.12307/2022.842

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

有氧运动对老年轻度认知障碍患者认知功能的改善

杨  椅1，王  坤1，刘恒旭1，张庭然1，卢文云2，陈佩杰3，罗  炯1   

  1. 1西南大学体育学院运动戒毒研究中心，重庆市  400715；上海体育学院，2休闲学院，3运动科学学院，上海市  200438
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-26 接受日期:2021-11-15 出版日期:2022-10-18 发布日期:2022-03-28
  • 通讯作者: 罗炯，男，博士，教授，西南大学体育学院运动戒毒研究中心，重庆市 400715
  • 作者简介:杨椅，男，1998年生，重庆市人，西南大学体育学院在读硕士，主要从事国民体适能与健康促进研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科重大项目专项资金(19ZDA352)，项目负责人：陈佩杰

Aerobic exercise improves the cognitive function of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment

Yang Yi1, Wang Kun1, Liu Hengxu1, Zhang Tingran1, Lu Wenyun2, Chen Peijie3, Luo Jiong1   

  1. 1Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; 2School of Leisure, 3School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
  • Received:2021-09-26 Accepted:2021-11-15 Online:2022-10-18 Published:2022-03-28
  • Contact: Luo Jiong, PhD, Professor, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • About author:Yang Yi, Master candidate, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Supported by:
    the Special Fund for Major National Social Science Project, No. 19ZDA352 (to CPJ)

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摘要：

文题释义：
轻度认知障碍：是正常老化与痴呆之间的过度状态，在老年认知衰退过程中易发展为痴呆等认知功能性疾病，其主要表现为记忆力下降、大脑处理速度变慢等，影响老年人的生活质量。
有氧运动：主要是指氧供充足下的各种身体活动，它是体育运动的分支，按周期来看包括急性有氧运动、短期有氧以及长期有氧运动。有氧运动项目具有易开展、内容和形式多样等特点，符合老年人的特殊生理特征，比如：太极拳、健身操和快走等。

背景：在当今老年人的人口基数不断增长的趋势下，老年人晚年的生活水平和生活质量受到广泛关注和研究。
目的：文章介绍有氧运动对老年轻度认知障碍患者认知能力的影响，探讨不同周期的有氧运动对老年轻度认知障碍患者认知能力的效用及其可能的作用机制。
方法：检索截止至2021年9月的Elsevier、Springer、Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方数据、维普和中国台湾学术文献数据库中的相关文献，中文检索词包括“老年轻度认知障碍、有氧运动、老年人、认知功能、认知退化、急性有氧运动”；英文检索词包括“Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly，Aerobic exercise，The elderly，Cognitive ability，Cognitive decline，Acute aerobic exercise”，并根据研究需要确立相应的标准，对最终所得文献进行筛选。
结果与结论：①有氧运动在干预老年轻度认知障碍患者的认知功能中起着正向调节作用；急性有氧运动提高脑源性神经生长因子水平；短期以及中-长期有氧运动通过提高老年轻度认知障碍患者的体适能水平，增加脑血流量，提高患者的认知能力和协调能力，有利于提高老年人的健康生活质量。②急性有氧运动改善患者注意力和抑制控制，短期和中长期有氧运动积极作用于记忆功能和神经网络，不同周期的有氧运动对患者认知功能的效益存在一定差异，但总体上坚持有氧运动可改善老年轻度认知障碍患者的认知功能，提高老年人的心肺适能，增加运动参与，但是特定认知领域的改善可能需要不同的有氧运动处方。③有氧运动与轻度认知障碍之间是动态变量过程，需要根据不同的患者采取特定的有氧运动处方进行干预，比如单域型、多域型轻度认知障碍。④有氧运动的介入改善认知功能可能与延缓患者脑区域面积萎缩、促进基因表达、增加大脑血流量等有关，但还未形成普遍认同机制。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9370-4303 (杨椅) ；https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-7320 (罗炯)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

关键词: 轻度认知障碍, 有氧运动, 老年人, 认知功能, 急性有氧运动, 脑源性神经营养因子, 记忆功能, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Considering the current growing trend of the population base of the elderly, extensive attention has been paid to the living standards and quality of life of the elderly. 
OBJECTIVE: To introduce the effects of aerobic exercise on the cognitive abilities of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment, and to explore the effects of different cycles of aerobic exercise on the cognitive abilities of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment and the possible mechanisms.
METHODS: Elsevier, Springer, Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and Taiwan academic literature database were searched for relevant articles published before September 2021. The search terms included “mild cognitive impairment in the elderly, aerobic exercise, the elderly, cognitive ability, cognitive decline, acute aerobic exercise” in English and Chinese. Appropriate criteria were established as per the research needs, by which all the retrieved articles were screened. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise plays a positive role in intervening the cognitive function of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. Acute aerobic exercise increases the level of brain-derived nerve growth factor, while short- and mid-to-long-term aerobic exercises improve physical fitness, increase cerebral blood flow, enhance cognitive and coordination abilities in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment, all of which help improve the health and quality of life of the elderly. Acute aerobic exercises improve patient’s attention and inhibition control, and short-term and mid-to-long-term aerobic exercises positively act on memory function and neural network. There are certain differences in the benefits of aerobic exercise in different periods on patient’s cognitive function. Overall, persistent aerobic exercises can improve the cognitive function of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment, improve their cardiorespiratory fitness, and increase exercise participation. However, different aerobic exercise prescriptions are required for the improvement of specific cognitive areas. There is a dynamic variable process between aerobic exercise and mild cognitive impairment. Individual aerobic exercise prescriptions are necessary for patients with different types of cognitive impairment, such as single- and multi-domain mild cognitive impairment. Aerobic exercises can improve patient’s cognitive function, which may be related to delaying brain atrophy, promoting gene expression, and increasing cerebral blood flow, but there is no mechanism that is commonly accepted. 

Key words: mild cognitive impairment, aerobic exercise, the elderly, cognitive function, acute aerobic exercise, brain-derived , neurotrophic , factor, memory function, review

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