中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (21): 3287-3292.doi: 10.12307/2023.456

• 组织工程骨材料 tissue-engineered bone • 上一篇    下一篇

骨质疏松患者骨水泥强化内固定系统的生物力学特征

聂文忠,蒋光普,韩  笑,徐  威   

  1. 上海应用技术大学机械工程学院,上海市  201418
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-05 接受日期:2022-07-14 出版日期:2023-07-28 发布日期:2022-11-23
  • 通讯作者: 聂文忠,博士,副教授,上海应用技术大学机械工程学院,上海市 201418
  • 作者简介:聂文忠,男,1971年生,江西省高安市人,汉族,博士,副教授,主要从事医用生物力学、先进材料成型技术研究。

Biomechanical characteristics of bone cement augmentation internal fixation system in patients with osteoporosis

Nie Wenzhong, Jiang Guangpu, Han Xiao, Xu Wei   

  1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
  • Received:2022-05-05 Accepted:2022-07-14 Online:2023-07-28 Published:2022-11-23
  • Contact: Nie Wenzhong, MD, Associate professor, College of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
  • About author:Nie Wenzhong, MD, Associate professor, College of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China

摘要:


文题释义:

钉道强化:使用黏合物质连接螺钉与钉道,加强椎体钉道对椎弓根螺钉的把持力,提高固定系统稳定性。临床上使用的主要有2种,一种是将骨水泥注射进椎体钉道内,在骨水泥固定前,插入实心螺钉,使骨水泥附着在钉体表面;另外一种是在椎体内插入空心螺钉,钉头处开有小孔,骨水泥通过空心通道注射进入后,从小孔处扩散进入椎体。
骨水泥:螺钉与钉道的黏合剂,临床上主要有生物相容性较差的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥与生物相容性较好的磷酸钙骨水泥2种,能够起到改善椎弓根螺钉与骨质疏松椎体钉道的受力情况,降低了后路固定手术时骨质疏松症引起的不良后果。

背景:进行椎间融合手术患者伴有骨质疏松症的比例较高,骨质疏松症会对钉棒系统固定效果造成不良影响,如螺钉松动率上升、椎间融合手术失败等,骨水泥钉道强化手术有力改善了这一问题。
目的:通过有限元方法比较低骨密度情况下不同骨水泥钉道强化固定后腰椎的生物力学变化。
方法:依据提取CT图像建立L4-5椎体功能单元人体有限元模型,设置所有椎体骨材料为骨质疏松状态,分别建立无骨水泥钉道强化、全部骨水泥钉道强化、L4椎体骨水泥钉道强化、单侧骨水泥钉道强化、交叉骨水泥钉道强化模型,L5节段下表面固定,L4节段上表面施加500 N的垂直向下的载荷及7.5 N·m的力矩,检测钉棒系统、椎体钉道及骨水泥团的von-Mises应力。
结果与结论:①相较于无骨水泥钉道固定组,骨水泥强化各组对于钉棒系统的von-Mises应力影响十分微小;②骨水泥强化各组钉道
von-Mises应力在整体上小于无骨水泥钉道固定组,其中较为显著的为全部骨水泥钉道强化组;与全部骨水泥强化组效果相近的是交叉骨水泥强化组,单侧骨水泥固定组钉道von-Mises应力下降幅度次于交叉骨水泥固定组,L4椎体骨水泥钉道强化组对于钉道von-Mises应力的下降效果不明显,且在侧弯与旋转时钉道von-Mises应力超过无骨水泥钉道固定组;③各种运动状态下,全部骨水泥钉道强化组骨水泥
von-Mises应力为最小值,单侧骨水泥钉道强化组与交叉骨水泥钉道强化组骨水泥von-Mises应力略微大于全部骨水泥强化组;④结果显示,骨水泥钉道强化技术有效降低了钉棒固定系统对椎体钉道产生的应力集中效应,优化了内固定系统的应力分布,降低了螺钉相对于椎体松动的风险;不同的骨水泥钉道强化方式效果不同,但整体趋势为钉道应力的降低,其中最为有效的固定方式为全部骨水泥钉道强化与交叉骨水泥钉道强化。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2278-4315(聂文忠)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 腰椎, 应力分析, 有限元, 骨质疏松, 钉道强化, 骨水泥, 稳定性

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In patients undergoing interbody fusion surgery, the proportion of patients with osteoporosis is increasing. Osteoporosis has an impact on the fixation effect of screw rod system, such as extraction of pedicle screw, failure of interbody fusion surgery, and so on. The use of bone cement screw channel augmentation surgery has effectively improved this problem.
OBJECTIVE: To compare biomechanical changes of lumbar spine strengthened with different bone cement nail channels under the condition of low bone mineral density by finite element method. 
METHODS: A finite element model of L4-5 vertebral body functional unit was established according to the extracted CT images. All vertebral body bone materials were set as osteoporotic state. Models of non-cemented screw channel augmentation, all-bone cement screw channel augmentation, L4 vertebral body bone cement screw channel augmentation, unilateral bone cement screw channel augmentation, and cross bone cement screw channel augmentation were established. The lower surface of the L5 segment was fixed. The upper surface of the L4 segment was subjected to a vertical downward load of 500 N and a moment of 7.5 N•m. The von-Mises stresses of the screw rod system, vertebral body screw channel and bone cement mass were detected. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the non-cemented screw channel fixation group, the effect of the bone cement augmentation groups on the von-Mises stress of the screw-rod system was very small. (2) The von-Mises stress of the bone-cemented screw channel in each group was generally smaller than that of the non-cemented screw channel group; the more significant one was the all-bone cement screw channel augmentation group. All-bone cement screw channel augmentation group had a similar effect to the cross bone cement augmentation group. The decrease of von-Mises stress in the unilateral bone cement screw channel augmentation group was lower than that of the cross bone cement augmentation group. The L4 vertebral bone cement screw channel augmentation group had no obvious effect on the reduction of the screw channel von-Mises stress, and the screw channel von-Mises stress was higher than that of the non-cemented screw channel fixation group during scoliosis and rotation. (3) Under various motion states, the von-Mises stress of bone cement in all-bone cement screw channel augmentation group was the minimum value. The von-Mises stress of bone cement in the unilateral bone cement screw channel augmentation group and the cross bone cement screw channel augmentation group was slightly greater than that of the all-bone cement screw channel augmentation group. (4) These results showed that the bone cement screw channel augmentation technology effectively reduces the stress concentration effect of the screw rod fixation system on the vertebral screw channel, optimizes the stress distribution of the internal fixation system, and reduces the risk of screw loosening relative to the vertebral body. The effects of different bone cement screw channel augmentation methods are different, but the overall trend is the reduction of screw channel stress. Among them, the most effective fixation methods are all-bone cement screw channel augmentation and cross bone cement screw channel augmentation.  

Key words: lumbar vertebra, stress analysis, finite element, osteoporosis, screw channel augmentation, bone cement, stability

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