中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (22): 3573-3579.doi: 10.12307/2023.353

• 骨与关节图像与影像 bone and joint imaging • 上一篇    下一篇

CT研究寰椎正常发育与变异

蓝佐珍1,2,钱雅楠3,池金澄3,黄炳旭2,段少银1,3   

  1. 1福建医科大学第三临床医学院,福建省福州市   350004;2厦门市儿童医院放射科,福建省厦门市   361006;3厦门大学附属中山医院影像科,福建省厦门市   361004
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-09 接受日期:2022-05-21 出版日期:2023-08-08 发布日期:2022-11-02
  • 通讯作者: 段少银,教授,主任医师,医学博士,福建医科大学第三临床医学院,福建省福州市 350004;厦门大学附属中山医院影像科,福建省厦门市 361004
  • 作者简介:蓝佐珍,女,1984年生,福建省龙岩市人,汉族,2009年山东大学医学院毕业,医师,主要从事骨肌系统影像诊断研究。

CT study on the normal development and variation of the atlas

Lan Zuozhen1, 2, Qian Yanan3, Chi Jincheng3, Huang Bingxu2, Duan Shaoyin1, 3   

  1. 1The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China; 2Department of Radiology, Xiamen Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361006, Fujian Province, China; 3Department of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China
  • Received:2022-03-09 Accepted:2022-05-21 Online:2023-08-08 Published:2022-11-02
  • Contact: Duan Shaoyin, Professor, Chief physician, MD, The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China; Department of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China
  • About author:Lan Zuozhen, Physician, The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China; Department of Radiology, Xiamen Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361006, Fujian Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

寰椎骨环:寰椎前弓、后弓及侧块组成的骨性环状结构,骨环不完整主要包括前弓、后弓的缺失。
寰椎横韧带结节:位于双侧寰椎骨环内面,呈对称性结节状凸起,是横韧带的起点,于寰椎侧块椎弓骨化中心发育较成熟时出现,横韧带结节的出现标志寰椎骨环的成熟。

背景:寰椎发育演变过程复杂,研究报道较少,CT成像能很好地显示寰椎解剖。明确寰椎正常发育过程、解剖结构、发育变异与畸形有着重要的临床意义。
目的:利用CT影像解剖展示寰椎正常发育与变异。
方法:收集厦门市儿童医院、厦门大学附属中山医院医学影像存档与通信系统内0-14岁患者的寰椎CT资料,最终纳入732例患者的CT资料,观察寰椎前弓及双侧椎弓骨化中心,椎弓、前正中、后正中骺板、横韧带结节及寰椎发育变异或畸形。
结果与结论:①732例患者中,CT图像显示寰椎正常发育679例(占92.76%);发育畸形或变异53例(占7.24%),其中骨环不完整27例,出现副骨化中心及副骺板23例,寰枕关节畸形3例;②寰椎骨化中心3个,包括椎弓侧块2个和前弓1个,2个椎弓出现于胎儿期,1个前弓出现于生后2 d-2岁,中位年龄为6个月,四分位距为4-11个月;③寰椎骺板4个,包括椎弓骺板2个、前正中骺板1个、后正中骺板1个,2个椎弓骺板闭合中位年龄是6.2岁,年龄四分位距为4.5-7岁;前正中骺板出现率为37.43%,闭合年龄中位数为4.8岁,年龄四分位距为2.8-6.0岁;后正中骺板闭合年龄中位数为2.8岁,年龄四分位距为2-3.8岁;④横韧带结节出现的中位年龄为9岁,年龄四分位距为5.5-10岁;⑤结果显示,寰椎骨化中心出现与骺板闭合时间存在相对特定的年龄区间,寰椎发育变异或畸形以寰椎骨环不完整、副骨化中心及副骺线多见,CT影像观察寰椎发育或畸形清楚、准确,具有明显优势。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2234-984X(蓝佐珍) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 寰椎, 骨化中心, 骺板, 变异或畸形, CT影像

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The development and evolution of atlas are complex, and there are a few research reports. CT imaging can clearly show the atlas. It is of great clinical significance to clarify the normal development process, anatomical structure, variation and malformation of atlas.
OBJECTIVE: To show the normal development and variation of atlas using CT imaging.
METHODS:  The atlas CT data of patients aged 0-14 years in the picture archiving and communication system of Xiamen Children’s Hospital and Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University were collected, and the CT data of 732 patients were finally included. The observation items included: The ossification centers of anterior arch and vertebral arch, the epiphyseal plates of vertebral arch, anterior and posterior median, the tubercle of transverse ligament and the variation and deformity of atlas. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Among 732 cases of atlas, CT images exhibited that 679 (92.76%) had normal development, 53 (7.24%) variation or deformity. Among them, there were 27 cases of incomplete bone ring, 23 cases of accessory ossification center and accessory epiphyseal plate, and 3 cases of atlanto-occipital joint deformity. (2) There were three ossification centers, including two lateral vertebral arches and one anterior arch. The bilateral ossification centers of two vertebral arches appeared in the fetal period; the anterior arch ossification center of one vertebral arch appeared from 2 days to 2 years after birth, the median age with 6 months and the interquartile-range with 4-11 months. (3) There were four epiphyseal plates, including two vertebral arch epiphyseal plates, one anterior median epiphyseal plate, and one posterior median epiphyseal plate. The two epiphyseal closures of vertebral arch were at the median age of 6.2 years, interquartile-range of 4.5-7.0. The occurrence rate of anterior median epiphyseal plate was 37.43%. That of anterior median was at the median age of 4.8 years, interquartile-range of 2.8-6.0 years and the posterior median at 2.8 years, interquartile-range of 2-3.8 years. (4) The appearance of transverse ligament nodules was at the median age of 9 years, interquartile-range of 5.5-10. (5) These findings have concluded that there is a specific age range between the appearance of ossification center and the closing of epiphyseal plate. The variations or deformities of atlas are mainly the incomplete bone ring, accessory ossification center or epiphyseal line. CT image showing the development or deformity of atlas is clear and accurate, which has many advantages. 

Key words: atlas, ossification center, epiphyseal plate, variation or deformity, CT image

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