中国组织工程研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (48): 7849-7854.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.48.025

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

寰枢椎后路植入物短节段固定方案:强度增加对颈椎旋转屈伸运动影响较少

苗  军,夏  群   

  1. 天津医院脊柱外科,天津市  300211
  • 收稿日期:2014-11-06 出版日期:2014-11-26 发布日期:2014-11-26
  • 作者简介:苗军,男,1974年生,河北省沧州市人,2004年军医进修学院毕业,博士,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科、脊柱生物力学、生物材料方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金资助项目(30500516)

Atlantoaxial vertebral posterior fixation of short-segment graft: increased intensity has few impact on the rotation and flexion-extension movement

Miao Jun, Xia Qun   

  1. Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Received:2014-11-06 Online:2014-11-26 Published:2014-11-26
  • About author:Miao Jun, M.D., Associate chief physician, Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30500516

摘要:

背景:寰枢椎是生命中枢所在区域,由于解剖结构独特,手术治疗上颈椎疾患难度大、风险高。寰枢椎后路手术是重建上颈椎稳定性的常用方案,最佳固定方式为短节段坚强固定,不仅固定坚强且对颈椎的旋转和屈伸运动损失较少。
目的:对寰枢椎后路内固定方案做一综述。
方法:由第一作者检索至2014年5月为止的PubMed数据(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)及万方医学网(http://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/),以“upper cervical, internal fixation, atlas, axis, posterior approach”为英文检索词,“上颈椎,内固定,寰椎,枢椎,后路”为中文检索词,采用上述检索词不同的组合进行检索,总计英文文献267篇,中文文献189篇。计算机初检得到的文献,再经过阅读标题和摘要进行初筛,排除中英文文献重复报道、研究内容类似及文献内容与上颈椎内固定不相关的内容,最终48篇文献符合纳入标准。
结果与结论:由于寰枢椎解剖学的特殊性,寰枢椎内固定也明显与下颈椎不同,内固定技术发展多种多样,针对不同的病损情况,医生可以自由选择不同的内固定方式。椎板类内固定包括Gallie技术、Brooks技术、Sonntag技术、椎板夹、扣座节段间固定技术和枢椎椎板交叉螺钉技术,是需要椎板完整的,对于需要切除椎板减压的情况是不能应用的。除了枢椎交叉椎板螺钉外,其余几种方法都需要椎管内侵入操作,对脊髓有一定的搔扰,抗旋转能力相对较差,优点是操作相对简单。不依赖于椎板完整性的内固定技术是近年发展起来的,包括经关节突螺钉、寰椎侧块螺钉、寰椎椎弓根螺钉、枢椎峡部螺钉、枢椎椎弓根螺钉等,其特点是应用螺钉,生物力学强度显著增强,融合率增加,不影响椎板减压,缺点就是对螺钉置入操作技术要求较高,如果螺钉置入偏差,会损伤脊髓或椎动脉引起严重并发症。寰枢椎区域接近人体生命中枢,熟练此区域的解剖和内固定方案对于顺利完成手术具有重要意义。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程


全文链接:

关键词: 植入物, 脊柱植入物, 上颈椎, 内固定, 寰椎, 枢椎, 后路, 融合, 螺钉, 钢丝, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Atlantoaxial vertebra is the central region of the life. Due to the unique anatomical structures, the operation in this region is difficult and has high risk. Posterior approach is a commonly used surgical reconstruction on the stability of the upper cervical spine. The best way to fix is short and strong internal fixation, which has strong fixation and causes less affect on the rotation and flexion-extension movement.
OBJECTIVE: To review the technology of atlantoaxial vertebral posterior internal fixation.
METHODS: The first author retrieved articles published until May 2014 on PubMed 
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and Wanfang (http://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/) databases, with “upper cervical, internal fixation, atlas and axis, posterior approach” as the key words in English and Chinese. Using different combinations of the key words, a total of 267 articles in English and 189 in Chinese were retrieved. After reading the title and abstract for early screening, repeated and upper cervical unrelated reports in both English and Chinese literature are eliminated. Finally 48 articles were included in the reviews.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Due to the specific anatomy of atlantoaxial vertebra, atlantoaxial internal fixation technology is obviously different from the other cervical vertebra. Lamina depending internal fixation including Gallie technique, Brooks technique, Sonntag technique, lamina clamp, Locksley intersegmental tie bar technique and C2 crossing laminar screw technique. These techniques need the integrity of C1 and C2, and are not available for laminectomy decompression. Besides C2 crossing laminar screw, the rest of the methods require spinal canal invasion operation, and the ability to resist rotation are relatively poor. Lamina independing internal fixation is developed in recent years, including the lateral mass screws, transarticular screw, atlas pedicle screw, axial isthmus screw, and axial pedicle screws. Its characteristic is the application of screws, which greatly enhance biomechanical strength and increase fusion rate, without affecting the lamina decompression. Atlantoaxial area is very close to human body life central, being familiar with the regional anatomy and skilled internal fixation implant technique are essential for successful completion of the surgery in this area.


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程


全文链接:

Key words: cervical vertebra, internal fixator, axis, anatomy

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