中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (20): 3188-3194.doi: 10.12307/2022.673

• 组织构建实验造模 experimental modeling in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

有氧运动对阿尔茨海默症小鼠学习记忆及海马神经形态结构的影响

张业廷1,2,付  燕3,李  雪4,魏翠兰5,李垂坤2,袁琼嘉4   

  1. 1中国民航飞行学院,四川省广汉市  618307;2成都大学体育学院,四川省成都市  610106;3西南民族大学体育学院,四川省成都市  610041;4成都体育学院,四川省成都市  610041;5成都理工大学体育学院,四川省成都市  610059
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-29 接受日期:2021-09-08 出版日期:2023-07-18 发布日期:2022-11-19
  • 通讯作者: 袁琼嘉,教授,成都体育学院,四川省成都市 610041
  • 作者简介:张业廷,男,1989年生,山东省肥城市人,汉族,博士,讲师,主要从事运动干预与健康促进研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技计划项目(2020YFH0184),项目负责人:张业廷

Effects of aerobic exercise on learning, memory, and hippocampal neuromorphology in mice with Alzheimer’s disease

Zhang Yeting1, 2, Fu Yan3, Li Xue4, Wei Cuilan5, Li Chuikun2, Yuan Qiongjia4   

  1. 1Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, Sichuan Province, China; 2College of Physical Education, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; 3College of Physical Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; 4Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; 5Sports Institute of Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2021-06-29 Accepted:2021-09-08 Online:2023-07-18 Published:2022-11-19
  • Contact: Yuan Qiongjia, Professor, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Yeting, PhD, Lecturer, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, Sichuan Province, China; College of Physical Education, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province, No. 2020YFH0184 (to ZYT)

摘要:


文题释义:

阿尔茨海默症:是一种渐进性神经退行性疾病,也是最常见的年龄相关性痴呆。阿尔茨海默症是一种复杂的异质性疾病,其发病与多种因素的参与有关,包括遗传因素、神经递质、免疫因素和环境因素,目前并没有有效的手段能够治疗阿尔茨海默症。
突触:是指一个神经元的冲动传到另一个神经元或传到另一细胞间相互接触的结构,包括突触前膜、突触间隙与突触后膜。突触间隙是信息神经细胞与神经细胞之间进行信息传递的必经途径,其间隙越大,则神经递质需要花费更长的时间传递到下一个神经细胞,而这将会降低突触的传递效能。突触后膜胞质面存在一层致密物质,参与锚定突触后受体和组成细胞骨架,是介导和整合突触后信号的重要结构基础,称之为PSD。

背景:运动有助于预防和减缓阿尔茨海默症、痴呆症及与年龄相关的认知能力下降,而运动预防阿尔茨海默症患者认知能力下降是否与其改变了海马神经形态结构有关还并不清楚。
目的:观察长期有氧运动对阿尔茨海默症小鼠学习记忆能力及海马神经形态的影响,探讨有氧运动影响阿尔茨海默症的神经机制。
方法:取3月龄野生型小鼠12只,其中6只进行5个月的运动干预(野生运动组),另6只不进行任何干预(野生对照组);取APP/PS1双转基因阿尔茨海默症模型小鼠12只,其中6只进行5个月的运动干预(模型运动组),另6只不进行任何干预(模型对照组)。运动干预结束后,通过八臂迷宫实验检测各组小鼠记忆能力,尼氏染色观察小鼠海马神经形态,透射电镜观察海马神经形态结构。
结果与结论:①八臂迷宫实验:野生运动组小鼠的记忆能力优于野生对照组、模型运动组(P < 0.05),模型运动组、野生对照组小鼠的记忆能力优于模型对照组(P < 0.05);②尼氏染色:野生运动组、野生对照组小鼠海马齿状回区、CA3区与CA1区的尼氏体清晰可辨别,胞核与核仁较清楚;阿尔茨海默症小鼠海马各区尤其是齿状回区与CA3区的尼氏体较为模糊,胞核与核仁较难分辨,特别是模型对照组小鼠神经细胞结构相对模糊且部分神经元结构受损明显,神经细胞之间的距离较大且排列疏松;③透射电镜:与野生对照组相比,模型对照组小鼠海马齿状回区的突触数量减少,部分突触间隙、突触前膜、突触后膜模糊,突触前膜内囊泡较少,突触后致密带密度较低;与模型对照组相比,模型运动组小鼠小鼠海马齿状回区的突触数量增加,突触前膜内突触囊泡分布较为密集均匀,突触后致密带密度有所增高;④结果表明,运动可以在一定程度上改善阿尔茨海默症小鼠海马神经细胞结构,这可能是运动改善阿尔茨海默症小鼠学习记忆能力的神经机制之一。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-2891 (张业廷) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 有氧运动, 阿尔茨海默症, 海马, 神经形态结构, 学习记忆, 认知, 突触, 神经机制

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise helps prevent and retard cognitive decline related to Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and age. However, whether exercise prevents cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease is related to the neuromorphological changes of the hippocampus is still unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on learning and memory ability and neuromorphology of the hippocampus in mice with Alzheimer’s disease and its neuromechanism on Alzheimer’s disease.
METHODS: Twelve wild-type mice aged 3 months were divided into two groups (n=6 per group): a wild exercise group and a wild control group. Mice in the wild exercise group were given an exercise intervention for 5 months, and mice in the wild control group had no intervention. Twelve APP/PS1 double transgenic mice with Alzheimer’s disease were divided into two groups (n=6 per group): a model exercise group and a model control group. Mice in the model exercise group were given an exercise intervention for 5 months, and mice in the model control group had no intervention. After the exercise intervention, the memory ability of mice was tested through the eight-arm maze test. Neuromorphological changes of the hippocampus in mice were observed using Nissl staining under transmission electron microscope. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of the eight-arm maze test showed that the memory ability of mice in the wild exercise group was better than that in the wild control group and the model exercise group (P < 0.05), and the memory ability of mice in the model exercise group and the wild control group was better than that in the model control group (P < 0.05). The results of Nissl staining showed that the Nissl bodies with clear nuclei and nucleoli were clearly visible in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1 areas of mice in the wild exercise group and the wild control group. In the mice with Alzheimer’s disease, the Nissl bodies in the hippocampus, especially in the dentate gyrus and CA3 areas, were fuzzy, and the nuclei and nucleoli were difficult to distinguish. In particular, in the model control group, the structure of nerve cells was relatively fuzzy, some neurons were seriously damaged, nerve cells arranged loosely with large spacing interval. Under the transmission electron microscopy, the number of synapses in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was decreased in the model control group compared with the wild control group. Some synaptic clefts, presynaptic membrane, and postsynaptic membrane were blurred, and there were fewer vesicles in the presynaptic membrane. The density of postsynaptic dense zone was lower. Compared with the model control group, the number of synapses in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was increased in the model exercise group. The distribution of synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic membrane was dense and uniform, and the density of postsynaptic dense zone was increased. To conclude, exercise can improve the structure of hippocampal nerve cells in Alzheimer’s disease mice to a certain extent, which may be one of the neuromechanisms by which exercise improves the learning and memory ability of Alzheimer’s disease mice.

Key words: aerobic exercise, Alzheimer’s disease, hippocampus, neuromorphological structure, learning and memory, cognition, synapse, neuromechanism

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