中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (19): 3100-3107.doi: 10.12307/2022.393

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

体外3D规模化扩增肝细胞的培养体系及自动化、智能化生物反应器的评估

李  柯1,2,张广浩1,2,张  丞1,2,杨嘉屹1,2,吴昌哲1,2,3,霍小林1,2   

  1. 1中国科学院电工研究所生物电磁学北京市重点实验室,北京市   100190;2中国科学院大学,北京市   100049;3南方医科大学珠江医院,广东省广州市   510280
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-23 修回日期:2021-05-26 接受日期:2021-06-25 出版日期:2022-07-08 发布日期:2021-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 霍小林,博士,研究员,中国科学院电工研究所生物电磁学北京市重点实验室,北京市 100190;中国科学院大学,北京市 100049 吴昌哲,硕士,高级工程师,中国科学院电工研究所生物电磁学北京市重点实验室,北京市 100190;中国科学院大学,北京市 100049;南方医科大学珠江医院,广东省广州市 510280
  • 作者简介:李柯,男,1987年生,河南省人,汉族,中国科学院电工研究所在读博士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1106400,2018YFA0108200),项目参与人:吴昌哲;国家自然科学基金(61671428),项目负责人:吴昌哲

Assessment of in vitro 3D large-scale hepatocyte proliferation culture system and automated and intelligent bioreactor systems

Li Ke1, 2, Zhang Guanghao1, 2, Zhang Cheng1, 2, Yang Jiayi1, 2, Wu Changzhe1, 2, 3, Huo Xiaolin1, 2   

  1. 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2021-04-23 Revised:2021-05-26 Accepted:2021-06-25 Online:2022-07-08 Published:2021-12-29
  • Contact: Huo Xiaolin, MD, Researcher, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Wu Changzhe, Master, Senior engineer, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Li Ke, Doctoral candidate, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research & Development Program of China, No. 2018YFC1106400, 2018YFA0108200 (both to WCZ [project participant]); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 61671428 (to WCZ)

摘要:

文题释义:
肝种子细胞:具有广泛来源,能够在体外通过大规模扩增培养的方法进行快速增殖,并最终获得一定规模的具有肝功能的肝细胞,典型代表细胞有人肝癌细胞系、永生化肝细胞及干细胞等。
生物反应器系统:以生物反应器为核心,通过悬浮或者支架贴壁的方式在生物反应器内构建3D培养环境,采用工程技术手段对生物反应器内的环境参数如温度、pH值及溶解氧浓度等实时在线测控,并辅以循环灌注的手段,加强营养传输和物质交换,从而构建适合肝细胞生长增殖的培养条件。

背景:如何在体外获得足够数量和质量的肝细胞,是生物人工肝临床应用亟待解决的核心问题。
目的:对肝细胞体外3D规模化扩增培养体系的主要研究内容进行综述,总结了当前主要的肝种子细胞来源、3D培养方法、生物反应器系统以及培养过程关键指标实时在线监测的进展和局限,并对自动化、智能化生物反应器系统进一步发展进行展望。
方法:由第一作者检索Web of Science核心数据库、ScienceDirect、EI、PubMed以及中国知网数据库,英文检索词为:“hepatocyte,3D culture,proliferate,bioreactor system,monitor and control”,中文检索词为:“肝细胞、3D培养、增殖、生物反应器系统、监测和控制”。文献检索时间范围为2005年1月至2021年3月,文献的类型包括研究原著、综述和荟萃分析,最终筛选出93篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①目前肝种子细胞来源、3D培养方式、生物反应器系统构建以及关键生化指标实时在线监测方法等方面的研究均取得了一定进展,为进一步构建肝细胞体外3D规模化培养体系奠定了坚实的基础。②人肝癌细胞系、永生化肝细胞、干细胞分化及其他来源的肝细胞均能在体外培养增殖并进行肝功能表达,其中干细胞分化和直接重编程得到的肝细胞样细胞具有成熟肝脏细胞类似的细胞形态、功能和基因表达谱特征,在未来有更大的应用前景。③3D悬浮培养在培养密度、传质效率方面表现优异,且具有易于放大、接种和取用方便等优点,是肝细胞体外3D培养方式的主要发展方向。④现有的生物反应器系统虽然能实现肝细胞体外培养扩增,但自动化程度低,且缺乏对关键生化指标进行实时在线检测方法;此外,当前这几方面的研究相互融合程度低,也制约了肝细胞体外3D规模化培养体系的进展。⑤未来的研究重点是结合不同来源的肝种子细胞的生长特性,选择适合培养方式,以建立培养过程中的关键参数实时在线监测方法,从而构建高度自动化和智能化生物反应器系统,最终实现肝细胞体外规模化制备。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6174-8248 (李柯) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7416-3601 (霍小林) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3881-5577 (吴昌哲)

关键词: 生物人工肝, 肝细胞, 3D培养, 增殖, 规模化, 生物反应器系统, 实时在线

Abstract: BACKGROUND: How to obtain sufficient quantity and quality of hepatocytes in vitro is the core problem to be solved urgently in the clinical application of bioartificial liver.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the main research contents of the in vitro 3D large-scale expansion culture system of hepatocytes, summarize the current main sources of seed cells, 3D culture methods, bioreactor system, and the progress and limitations of real-time online monitoring of key indicators of the culture process, and prospects for the further development of automated and intelligent bioreactor systems.
METHODS: The first author searched the Web of Science core database, ScienceDirect, EI, PubMed, and CNKI databases. The English and Chinese search terms were “hepatocyte, 3D culture, proliferate, bioreactor system, monitor and control”. The literature search time range was from January 2005 to March 2021. The types of articles included original research works, reviews and meta-analysis. Totally, 93 papers were selected for analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Researches on liver seed cell sources, 3D culture methods, bioreactor system construction, and real-time online monitoring methods for key biochemical indicators have all made progress, laying a solid foundation for the further construction of a large-scale in vitro 3D hepatocyte culture system. (2) Human hepatocarcinoma cell lines, immortalized hepatocytes, stem cell differentiation and other hepatocytes can be cultured and proliferated in vitro and express liver function. Among them, hepatocyte-like cells obtained from stem cell differentiation and direct reprogramming have cells similar to mature liver cells morphology, function, and gene expression profile will have greater application prospects in the future. (3) 3D suspension culture has excellent performance in terms of culture density and mass transfer efficiency, and has the advantages of easy amplification, convenient inoculation, and convenient access. It is the main development direction of in vitro 3D culture of hepatocytes. (4) Although the existing bioreactor system can realize in vitro culture and expansion of hepatocytes, it has a low degree of automation and lacks a real-time online detection method for key biochemical indicators. In addition, the current degree of mutual integration of these several aspects of research also restricts the progress of the in vitro 3D large-scale culture system of hepatocytes. (5) The future research is to combine the growth characteristics of liver seed cells from different sources, select suitable culture methods, and establish a real-time online monitoring method for key parameters during the culture process, so as to construct a highly automated and intelligent bioreactor system to achieve in vitro scale of liver cells large-scale preparation.

Key words: bioartificial liver, hepatocytes, 3D culture, proliferation, large-scale, bioreactor system, real-time online

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