中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (19): 3056-3064.doi: 10.12307/2022.386

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

外泌体在激素性股骨头坏死修复信号交流网络中的调控机制

王伟伟1,欧志学2,章晓云1,李时斌1,周  毅1,李  统1   

  1. 1广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院,广西壮族自治区南宁市   530000;2桂林市中医医院,广西壮族自治区桂林市   541002
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-05 修回日期:2021-07-26 接受日期:2021-08-16 出版日期:2022-07-08 发布日期:2021-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 欧志学,博士,主任医师,桂林市中医医院,广西壮族自治区桂林市 541002 章晓云,副主任医师,广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院,广西壮族自治区南宁市 530000
  • 作者简介:王伟伟,1994年生,男,浙江省人,汉族,广西中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事骨与关节疾病及运动损伤研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81960803),项目参与人:章晓云;广西自然科学基金青年基金(2020GXNSFBA159053),项目负责人:章晓云;广西高校青年教师基础能力提升项目(2019KY0352),项目负责人:章晓云;广西中医药大学2019年校级科研课题(2019QN027),项目负责人:章晓云;广西中医药大学一流学科课题(2019XK026,2019XK029),项目负责人:章晓云

Regulatory mechanism of exosomes in signal communication network of steroid induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head repair

Wang Weiwei1, Ou Zhixue2, Zhang Xiaoyun1, Li Shibin1, Zhou Yi1, Li Tong1   

  1. 1Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 2Guilin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guilin 541002, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2021-07-05 Revised:2021-07-26 Accepted:2021-08-16 Online:2022-07-08 Published:2021-12-29
  • Contact: Ou Zhixue, MD, Chief physician, Guilin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guilin 541002, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China Zhang Xiaoyun, Associate chief physician, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Wang Weiwei, Master candidate, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81960803 (to ZXY); Youth Fund of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation, No. 2020GXNSFBA159053 (to ZXY); Guangxi University Young Teachers Basic Ability Improvement Project, No. 2019KY0352 (to ZXY); Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019 School-Level Scientific Research Project, No. 2019QN027 (to ZXY); Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine First-Class Subject Project, No. 2019XK026, 2019XK029 (to ZXY)

摘要:

文题释义:
外泌体:是指细胞内溶酶体内陷形成的直径在40-100 nm的多囊泡体,其作为载体,携带相关蛋白质和复杂RNA,在细胞信号交流过程中发挥着重要作用。
激素性股骨头坏死:是指因长期或大剂量使用激素,引起股骨头局部血运不良,进一步引起骨细胞坏死、骨小梁断裂和股骨头塌陷变形的一种病变。

背景:激素性股骨头坏死的患病率正逐年升高,而外泌体作为目前研究的一大热点,其在成骨、血管生成以及骨组织工程应用方面已凸显出一定的优势与价值。
目的:阐述目前外泌体在激素性股骨头坏死方面的研究进展。
方法:文献检索数据库包括中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Medline及Web of Science数据库,中文检索词为“外泌体、激素性股骨头坏死、间充质干细胞、血管、脂代谢、组织工程、成骨细胞、破骨细胞、滑膜细胞、软骨细胞、骨细胞、富血小板血浆”,英文检索词为“Exosomes,Steroid induced Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head, Mesenchymal stem cells,Blood vessel,fat metabolism,Tissue Engineering,Osteoblast,Osteoclasts,Synovial cells,chondrocytes,Bone cells,platelet-rich plasma”,时间设置为2000-2021年,根据纳入和排除标准共筛选63篇文献。
结果与结论:①外泌体作为运输载体,将间充质干细胞、内皮细胞、成骨细胞、破骨细胞、滑膜细胞、软骨细胞以及骨细胞之间所形成的信号交流网络紧密地联系在一起,调节成骨和血管生成,从而在激素性股骨头坏死骨组织修复当中发挥着重要作用;②其主要通过Wnt/β-catenin和PI3K/AKT等信号通路,调控信号交流网络中的细胞增殖、凋亡及分化,从而改善激素所导致的交流网络失衡;③文章初步阐释了外泌体在激素性股骨头坏死中的作用情况,但由于目前相关性研究多集中于单种细胞的代谢异常,故未能系统阐明偶联机制方面的具体情况;④另外由于目前技术限制,外泌体对生物的绝对安全性未得到较为科学的验证,其提取、鉴定和保存对于技术、设备要求颇高,可稳定携带并持续释放外泌体的亲生物材料研发机制又尚未成熟,这些都在一定程度上限制了外泌体治疗在临床上的推广;⑤未来应基于现有的相关机制及生物信息结果,开展外泌体在激素性股骨头坏死骨组织修复中的偶联机制研究;完善外泌体提取、鉴定和保存技术,减少一定的实验误差,从而避免出现一些相悖的实验结论;进一步分析不同来源外泌体中的相关成分,从而为临床应用提供一定的前提与基础;⑥根据现有的相关实验基础,未来需继续深入研究外泌体联合修复交流网络中相关靶细胞以及结合相应骨组织生物材料的机制。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0841-0496 (王伟伟);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0595-6154 (欧志学);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2572-0229 (章晓云) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 外泌体, 激素性股骨头坏死, 血管生成, 骨组织工程, 成骨细胞, 破骨细胞, 间充质干细胞, 内皮细胞

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of steroid induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head is increasing year by year, and exosomes, as a major focus of current research, have highlighted the advantages and value of their applications in osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and bone tissue engineering.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current research progress of exosomes in steroid induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
METHODS: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science were retrieved for relevant articles. Search terms were “exosomes, steroid induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head, mesenchymal stem cells, blood vessel, fat metabolism, tissue engineering, osteoblast, osteoclasts, synovial cells, chondrocytes, bone cells, platelet-rich plasma” in Chinese and English. The time was set from 2000 to 2021. Totally, 63 articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Exosomes are used as transport vehicles to closely link the signal communication network formed between mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, synovial cells, chondrocytes and osteocytes, and regulate osteogenesis and angiogenesis, which plays an important role in the repair of hormonal osteonecrosis of the femoral head. (2) It mainly regulates the proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of other cells in the signal communication network through Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT signal pathways, thereby improving the imbalance of the communication network caused by hormones. (3) This article preliminarily explained the role of exosomes in steroid induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head. However, because the current correlation studies mostly focus on the metabolic abnormalities of a single cell, the specific situation of the coupling mechanism has not been systematically clarified. (4) In addition, due to current technical limitations, the absolute safety of exosomes to organisms has not been scientifically verified. The extraction, identification, and storage of exosomes have high requirements on technology and equipment, and they can carry and continuously release exosomes. The research and development mechanism of biophilic materials is not yet mature, which limits the clinical promotion of exosomal therapy to a certain extent. (5) Based on the existing related mechanisms and bio-credit results, the research on the coupling mechanism of exosomes in steroid induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head bone tissue repair should be carried out; extraction, identification, and preservation techniques of exosomes should be improved to reduce certain experimental errors, so as to avoid some contradictory experimental conclusions and further analyze the relevant components in different sources of exosomes, which can provide a certain prerequisite and basis for clinical applications. (6) Based on the existing relevant experimental basis, in the future, it is necessary to continue to study the mechanism of the related target cells in the exchange network of exosomes combined with repair and the corresponding bone tissue biomaterials.

Key words: exosomes, steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head, angiogenesis, bone tissue engineering, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells

中图分类号: