中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (19): 3065-3070.doi: 10.12307/2022.387

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

外泌体介导低氧相关信号通路在疾病发生发展中的重要作用

顾  霞,王平义,赵万花,林语诗,李一梅,李文华   

  1. 西藏民族大学医学部,陕西省咸阳市   712082
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-20 修回日期:2021-07-21 接受日期:2021-07-29 出版日期:2022-07-08 发布日期:2021-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 李文华,教授,硕士生导师,西藏民族大学医学部,陕西省咸阳市 712082
  • 作者简介:顾霞,女,1996年生,安徽省人,汉族,西藏民族大学医学部在读硕士,主要从事高原低氧习服与疾病相关基因与蛋白表达分子机制研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81760332),项目负责人:李文华;西藏自治区科技厅自然科学基金青年项目(XZ202001ZR0053G),项目负责人:王平义;西藏科技厅厅校联合项目(XZ202101ZR0100G),项目负责人:李文华

Important role of exosomes-mediated hypoxia-related signaling pathways in the occurrence and progression of diseases

Gu Xia, Wang Pingyi, Zhao Wanhua, Lin Yushi, Li Yimei, Li Wenhua   

  1. School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2021-05-20 Revised:2021-07-21 Accepted:2021-07-29 Online:2022-07-08 Published:2021-12-29
  • Contact: Li Wenhua, Professor, Master’s supervisor, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Gu Xia, Master candidate, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81760332 (to LWH); Natural Science Foundation Youth Project of Tibet Autonomous Region Science and Technology Department, No. XZ202001ZR0053G (to WPY); Tibet Autonomous Region Science and Technology Department and School Joint Project, No. XZ202101ZR0100G (to WPY)

摘要:

文题释义:
低氧相关疾病:低氧相关疾病是与低氧损伤有关的一类疾病,人体及组织细胞常处于低氧环境中,伴随疾病包括炎症、心脑血管疾病和肿瘤等。
外泌体:外泌体是细胞外囊泡的一个亚群,在细胞膜的内吞作用下形成内体,内体限制细胞向内凹陷并出芽,形成一种具有动态的亚细胞结构,多种细胞在正常及病理状态下分泌外泌体,参与细胞间通讯,成为疾病诊断的新靶标。

背景:目前,外泌体在低氧相关疾病及肿瘤疾病中作为疾病诊断的新生物标记物已取得瞩目的研究成果,成为预防和治疗低氧相关疾病的潜力选手。
目的:从分子水平出发,综述外泌体干扰低氧相关信号通路改变低氧相关疾病发生发展过程的机制,为低氧相关疾病的研究和治疗提供依据。
方法:以“hypoxia,exosomes,signal pathway”为英文检索词,以“低氧、外泌体、信号通路”为中文检索词,应用计算机检索2016年1月至2021年5月年PubMed、Medline、中国知网和万方数据库发表的相关文献,最终纳入文献56篇进行归纳分析。
结果与结论:①低氧环境下,外泌体与一些低氧相关信号通路密切相关且互相调控,外泌体介导的低氧信号通路可能参与调控低氧相关疾病和肿瘤的发病过程。②外泌体经供体细胞释放,携带其信息由受体细胞接受,通过低氧诱导因子、磷脂酰肌醇三激酶/丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(PI3K/Akt)、核转录因子κB及转化生长因子β等与低氧相关的信号通路,介导疾病中的免疫应答、细胞增殖、迁移、血管生成及肿瘤侵袭等重要生理病理过程。③在低氧相关炎症疾病中,外泌体可诱导上述各低氧信号通路的激活,以减轻炎症损伤。④但在肿瘤疾病中,外泌体虽然诱导了上述各低氧信号通路激活,却促进肿瘤部位的血管生成,促进肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移,使肿瘤进展加速,而这种作用可能与外泌体的细胞供体来源有关,但其具体调控机制仍需未来研究进一步明确。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1992-8709 (顾霞);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8985-2896 (李文华) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 低氧, 外泌体, 信号通路, 低氧诱导因子, 低氧疾病, 炎症, 肿瘤, 心脑血管疾病

Abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, exosomes have made remarkable progress as new biomarkers for disease diagnosis in hypoxia-related diseases and tumor diseases, and have become potential players in the prevention and treatment of hypoxia-related diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of exosomes interference with hypoxia-related signaling pathways to change the occurrence and development of hypoxia-related diseases at the molecular level, so as to provide a basis for the research and treatment of hypoxia-related diseases.
METHODS: Using the search terms of “hypoxia, exosomes, signal pathway” in Chinese and English, articles published from January 2016 to May 2021 were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. Finally, 56 articles were included for analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In hypoxic environment, exosomes are closely related to some hypoxia-related signaling pathways. Exosomes-mediated hypoxia signaling pathways may be involved in altering the pathogenesis of hypoxia-related diseases and tumor. (2) Through hypoxia inducible factor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase, nuclear factor κB, transforming growth factor β and other hypoxia-related signaling pathways, exosomes released by donor cells, carrying their information and accepted by recipient cells, mediate important physiological and pathological processes,  such as immune response, cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and tumor invasion in diseases. (3) In hypoxia-related inflammatory diseases, exosomes can induce the activation of the above-mentioned hypoxia signaling pathways to reduce inflammatory damage. (4) However, in tumor diseases, exosomes mediate the activation of above hypoxia-related signaling pathways, which accelerate the angiogenesis of tumor sites and promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, resulting in the progression of tumor. This effect may be associated with the cell origin of exosomes. Further exploration is needed to understand its specific regulatory mechanism.

Key words: hypoxia, exosomes, signaling pathway, hypoxia inducible factor, hypoxic disease, inflammation, tumor, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

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