中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (13): 2099-2105.doi: 10.12307/2022.340

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞来源外泌体与各类血液恶性肿瘤之间潜在的新靶点效应

李丽春,李晓丰,李剑平   

  1. 辽宁省血液中心(沈阳中心血站),辽宁省沈阳市  110044
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-27 修回日期:2021-06-02 接受日期:2021-06-16 出版日期:2022-05-08 发布日期:2021-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 李剑平,医学博士,教授,辽宁省血液中心(沈阳中心血站),辽宁省沈阳市 110044 李晓丰,医学硕士,教授,辽宁省血液中心(沈阳中心血站),辽宁省沈阳市 110044
  • 作者简介:李丽春,1975年生,女,辽宁省沈阳市人, 2009年哈尔滨医科大学毕业,医学硕士,主要从事干细胞与输血医学等研究。
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省自然基金资助计划(2020-MS-354),项目负责人:李晓丰

Potential new target effects between exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and various hematological tumors

Li Lichun, Li Xiaofeng, Li Jianping   

  1. Liaoning Blood Center (Shenyang Central Blood Station), Shenyang 110044, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2021-05-27 Revised:2021-06-02 Accepted:2021-06-16 Online:2022-05-08 Published:2021-12-20
  • Contact: Li Jianping, MD, Professor, Liaoning Blood Center (Shenyang Central Blood Station), Shenyang 110044, Liaoning Province, China Li Xiaofeng, Master, Professor, Liaoning Blood Center (Shenyang Central Blood Station), Shenyang 110044, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Li Lichun, Master, Liaoning Blood Center (Shenyang Central Blood Station), Shenyang 110044, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Foundation Program of Liaoning Province, No. 2020-MS-354 (to LXF)

摘要:

文题释义:
外泌体:是细胞在特定条件下分泌的小囊泡,是细胞间传递信号、相互沟通和影响的重要工具,它可以直接进入受体细胞影响细胞功能。
间充质干细胞外泌体:间充质干细胞通过旁分泌方式释放细胞因子,连续传代培养和冷冻保存后仍具有多向分化潜能,可作为理想的种子细胞,是一种有前景的能够用于肿瘤疾病治疗的间充质干细胞来源。

背景:间充质干细胞是存在于各种组织中的多能干细胞,其外泌体为细胞间的通讯载体,能在细胞间传递脂质、核酸以及蛋白质等生物活性分子。间充质干细胞来源的外泌体为肿瘤微环境的主要组成部分,并且在肿瘤的发生发展、血管生成及转移过程中发挥重要作用。
目的:综述间充质干细胞来源的外泌体在血液肿瘤方面诊疗与预后判断的新进展,阐述其与各类血液恶性肿瘤之间潜在的新靶点效应。
方法:应用计算机检索1900年1月至2021年4月PubMed、中国知网、万方医学网数据库与间充质干细胞来源外泌体有关的文章,中文检索词为“间充质干细胞、外泌体、血液肿瘤”,英文检索词为“mesenchyma stem cell,exosomes,hematological tumor”。共检索文献440篇,最后纳入符合主题标准的文献有59篇。
结果与结论:①随着精准医学概念的提出,间充质干细胞来源外泌体被认为是细胞相互交流的一种重要方式。②间充质干细胞来源外泌体作为血液肿瘤的生物标志物和细胞间传递的重要介质,在血液恶性肿瘤凝血异常、促进血管形成、抑制骨髓造血、改变骨髓造血微环境、影响免疫系统、减少肿瘤细胞凋亡及耐药机制等方面发挥了重要的作用。③间充质干细胞来源外泌体在临床应用过程中依然面临诸多挑战,需不断改进和标准化外泌体分离纯化方法,确保外泌体临床应用的安全性、增强临床应用的可比性和重复性等。④间充质干细胞来源外泌体在临床血液肿瘤治疗中的药代动力学、生物发生和生物分布机制等方面尚处于临床研究的初级阶段,外泌体转运的多种生物分子,如何在体内调节受体细胞、改变细胞的状态和命运也尚未可知。⑤未来需要研究者们对间充质干细胞来源外泌体与各类血液恶性肿瘤之间潜在的新靶点进行深入的研究,以期为人类血液肿瘤疾病的诊治和预后提供更好的参考依据。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8185-1135(李丽春);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5392-0471(李剑平);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3888-6359 (李晓丰)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 干细胞, 间充质干细胞, 外泌体, 提取分离, 鉴定, 作用优势, 血液肿瘤, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent stem cells that exist in various tissues. The exosomes are communication carriers between cells, which can deliver biologically active molecules, such as lipids, nucleic acids and proteins between cells. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are the main component of the tumor microenvironment and play an important role in the development, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumors.
OBJECTIVE: To review the new developments in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in hematological tumors, and explain the potential new target effects between it and various hematological malignancies. 
METHODS: A computer search was performed for articles related to exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang databases from January 1900 to April 2021. Chinese and English search terms were “mesenchyma stem cell, exosomes, hematological tumor”. A total of 440 articles were retrieved, and 59 articles that met the subject criteria were finally included. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With the introduction of the concept of precision medicine, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are considered to be an important way for cells to communicate with each other. (2) As a biological tumor of hematology and important mediator of markers and cell-to-cell transmission, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have played an important role in abnormal coagulation in hematological malignancies, promoting blood vessel formation, inhibiting bone marrow hematopoiesis, changing the bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment, affecting the immune system, reducing tumor cell apoptosis and drug resistance mechanisms and other aspects. (3) Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells still face many challenges in the process of clinical application. Continuous improvement and standardization of exosomes separation and purification methods are required to ensure the safety of clinical applications of exosomes and enhance the comparability and reproducibility of clinical applications. (4) The pharmacokinetics, biogenesis, and biodistribution mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of clinical hematological tumors are still in the initial stage of clinical research. How various biomolecules transported by exosomes can regulate recipient cells and change the state and fate of cells in the body is still unknown. (5) In-depth research requires us to make a new discovery between mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and various hematological malignancies in order to provide a better experimental basis for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of human hematological tumor diseases.

Key words: stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, extraction and isolation, identification, advantages, hematological tumors, review

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