中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (30): 4839-4844.doi: 10.12307/2021.271

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折主钉断钉失效:有限元仿真模型构建及有效性验证

许  隆1,曾展鹏2,陈梓杰1,张  严1,林梓凌2,3   

  1. 1广州中医药大学第一临床医学院,广东省广州市   510405;2广州中医药大学第一附属医院创伤骨科,广东省广州市   510405;3广州中医药大学岭南医学研究中心,广东省广州市   510405
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-21 修回日期:2020-09-27 接受日期:2020-11-11 出版日期:2021-10-28 发布日期:2021-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 林梓凌,医学博士,主任中医师,博士生导师,广州中医药大学第一附属医院创伤骨科,广州中医药大学岭南医学研究中心,广东省广州市 510405
  • 作者简介:许隆,男,1993年生,海南省人,汉族,广州中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事中西医结合治疗骨与关节损伤研究
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81673996),项目负责人:林梓凌

Nail breakage of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation for treating intertrochanteric fracture: construction and validation of finite element simulation model

Xu Long1, Zeng Zhanpeng2, Chen Zijie1, Zhang Yan1, Lin Ziling2, 3   

  1. 1First School of Clinical Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; 2Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; 3Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2020-09-21 Revised:2020-09-27 Accepted:2020-11-11 Online:2021-10-28 Published:2021-07-29
  • Contact: Lin Ziling, MD, Chief TCM physician, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Xu Long, Master candidate, First School of Clinical Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81673996 (to LZL)

摘要:

文题释义:
股骨近端防旋髓内钉:是治疗不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的常用内固定系统,打入股骨头的螺旋刀片表面积大,能对骨质进行填压从而增加锚合力,具有较好的抗旋、抗内翻畸形及手术时间短等优点。
断钉:各种原因导致股骨近端防旋髓内钉系统(包括螺旋刀片、主钉和尾钉)发生断裂的现象,属于必须翻修的失效类型之一,导致断钉的因素可能包括复位不佳、骨折延迟愈合或不愈合、金属疲劳等。
背景:主钉断钉是股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定后必须翻修的失效类型之一。目前股骨转子间骨折断钉发生的生物力学原因多推断于内固定物的疲劳断裂,但目前仍没有直接的研究或方法来证明断钉发生的力学机制。因此构建股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的有限元模型并实现断钉失效的可视化,对研究内固定失效的发生机制具有重要意义。
目的:仿真模拟股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折断钉失效的生物力学过程。
方法:选取于广州中医药大学第一附属医院创伤骨科住院治疗的髋部骨折患者1例的CT资料导入Mimics 19.0软件中,初步建立股骨近端三维模型,并在Geomagic Studio 软件中进行表面优化处理。在SolidWorks软件中按照股骨近端防旋髓内钉规格参数构建股骨近端防旋髓内钉三维模型,装配组件,然后导入优化的股骨仿真三维模型,将股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定到到股骨近端,建立股骨与股骨近端防旋髓内钉装配模型。将装配模型导入Hypermesh 软件对模型进行四面体网格划分,构建AO-31A1.3型(2018版)股骨转子间骨折,设置内固定材料疲劳临界参数及股骨材料参数、加载及边界条件、摩擦系数等,导出K文件在LS-DYNA软件求解。
结果与结论:①裂纹最先出现于主钉螺旋刀片孔两侧薄弱处;②主钉断钉前,其最大Von Mises应力达412 MPa,断裂过程中股骨近端防旋髓内钉应力主要集中于主钉与螺旋刀片相交处及尾钉与主钉相交处;主钉断钉前,股骨应力主要分布于头颈处及大转子进针点周围,断钉过程中股骨最大Von Mises应力为248.3 MPa;③螺旋刀片尖端及股骨头在断钉过程中向内翻转成角,位移最明显;④与文献进行有效性验证结果提示,此模型能有效仿真股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折主钉断钉失效过程,主钉薄弱处为应力集中和破坏的重点区域。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-0187 (许隆) 

关键词: 骨, 髋, 骨折, 股骨转子, 股骨近端防旋髓内钉, 断钉失效, 生物力学, 有限元分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nail breakage of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation is one of the severe implant failure that must be revised. At present, the biomechanical causes for the nail breakage are mostly inferred from metal fatigue; however, there is still no direct research or method to prove the mechanical mechanism of nail breakage. Therefore, to construct a finite element model of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation in treating intertrochanteric fracture and to realize the visualization of nail breakage are of great significance in studying the failure mechanism.
OBJECTIVE: To simulate biomechanical process of the nail breakage of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation in treating intertrochanteric fracture.
METHODS: Femoral CT data of a hip fracture patient, who was hospitalized in Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, were imported into Mimics 19.0 and polished in Geomagic Studio software to reconstruct a three-dimensional finite element model of proximal femur. The proximal femoral nail anti-rotation model was created in SolidWorks based on the specification and matched with the polished femoral model according to the surgical protocol. The proximal femoral nail anti-rotation intramedullary nail was fixed to the proximal femur, and the assembly model of the femur and proximal femoral nail anti-rotation intramedullary nail was established. The component including proximal femoral nail anti-rotation and proximal femur was meshed as tetrahedron and constructed as AO-31A1.3 type fracture (2018 version) in Hypermesh software. After material contents (including critical fatigue parameter of implants and biomechanical material parameter of femur), loading, boundary condition and friction coefficient were completed, the K file was finally solved in LS-DYNA.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Crack first appeared on the weakness on the blade hole of nail. (2) The maximal Von Mises stress of nail reached 412 MPa before breakage. During the crack propagation, stress concentrated at the intersection between nail and helical blade, locking bolt and nail. Stress distributed around the head-neck part and the insertion point of the great trochanter on femur. The maximal Von Mises stress of femur during the nail breakage was  248.3 MPa. (3) The tip of helical blade and the femoral head varus in the coronal plane, and being the most displaced parts. (4) The validation results suggest that this model can effectively simulate the nail breakage of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation in treating intertrochanteric fracture. The weak part of nail was the critical area of stress concentration and destruction. 

Key words: bone, hip, fracture, intertrochanteric fracture, proximal femoral nail anti-rotation, nail breakage, biomechanics, finite element analysis

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