提高生物材料骨应答磁场的生物学效应

doi:10.12307/2021.066

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (28): 4510-4515.doi: 10.12307/2021.066

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇下一篇

提高生物材料骨应答磁场的生物学效应

李若珍1，田亚平2，温宁1

1解放军总医院第一医学中心口腔科，北京市 100853；2解放军总医院转化医学中心，北京市 100853

收稿日期:2020-06-22 修回日期:2020-06-30 接受日期:2020-07-29 出版日期:2021-10-08 发布日期:2021-05-20
通讯作者: 温宁，主任医师，教授，博士生导师，解放军总医院第一医学中心口腔科，北京市 100853 田亚平，主任医师，教授，博士生导师，解放军总医院转化医学中心，北京市 100853
作者简介:李若珍，女，1985年生，黑龙江省哈尔滨市人，汉族，解放军总医院在读博士，主治医师，主要从事口腔修复材料研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51972339)，项目名称：羟基磷灰石增强水凝胶联合干细胞来源外泌体修复骨缺损的效果评价及机制研究，项目负责人：温宁

Biological effect of magnetic fields to promote bone responses to biomaterials

Li Ruozhen1, Tian Yaping2, Wen Ning1

1Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; 2Core Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China

Received:2020-06-22 Revised:2020-06-30 Accepted:2020-07-29 Online:2021-10-08 Published:2021-05-20
Contact: Wen Ning, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China Tian Yaping, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Core Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
About author:Li Ruozhen, Doctoral candidate, Attending physician, Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 51972339 (to WN)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文题释义：
磁场：常用磁场包括静磁场、脉冲电磁场、交变磁场和旋转磁场，磁场可促进骨的再生和修复，在骨科等领域应用广泛。
生物材料的骨应答：良好的生物材料能提供利于细胞增殖和新骨长入的微环境。生物材料的骨应答可以通过优化材料的结构和性能来提高，比如仿生骨组织结构、表面改性、加载生物活性物质等，还可以通过施加外部物理刺激来提高，比如磁场、电、超声和冲击波等。

背景：骨组织再生不仅需要生物材料提供的支架结构还要依赖机体的自我修复能力，但是由于年龄或生理病理等原因骨组织再生的能力会受到影响，因此磁场作为骨组织修复的辅助治疗手段受到了关注。
目的：介绍磁场的生物学效应，以及磁场用于提高金属植入体、生物陶瓷支架和高分子复合材料骨应答的研究进展。
方法：以“magnetic fields，magnetic nanoparticles，implant，bioceramic scaffold，calcium phosphate scaffolds，hydroxyapatite，polymer materials，bone growth，bone regeneration，osseointegration，bone remodeling，osteoblasts，osteoclasts，mesenchymal stem cells，signaling pathways”为检索词，在PubMed、EMBASE和EI数据库中检索2014至2020年的英文文献，最终纳入52篇文献进行归纳总结。
结果与结论：①磁场能够调控成骨细胞、破骨细胞、间充质干细胞等骨组织细胞的增殖与分化，发挥成骨诱导的功能；②磁场促进体内成骨的生物学效应主要与Wnt、MAPK和RANK等信号通路有关，磁场通过调节这些通路上成骨标志物的表达影响骨代谢；③磁场能提高金属植入体、生物陶瓷支架和高分子复合材料的骨应答，磁场和生物材料的联合应用能促进骨的再生和修复；④磁场促进成骨的最佳参数范围还没有统一的标准，在临床应用时应谨慎选择磁场参数。另外，磁场诱导成骨的作用机制也有多种说法，仍需进一步深入研究。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-9232(李若珍)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

关键词: 骨, 材料, 磁场, 磁性纳米粒子, 金属植入体, 生物陶瓷支架, 高分子复合材料, 成骨细胞, 破骨细胞, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The regeneration of bone tissue not only needs biomaterials, but also depends on the self-healing ability of the body. However, due to age-related physiological and pathological changes, the regeneration ability of bone tissue will be weakened. Therefore, magnetic field as an auxiliary treatment has been concerned.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the biological effect of magnetic field and the progress of magnetic field used to promote the bone responses to metal implants, bioceramic scaffolds and polymer composites.

METHODS: The English literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and EI databases from 2014 to 2020. The keywords were “magnetic fields, magnetic nanoparticles, implant, bioceramic scaffold, calcium phosphate scaffolds, hydroxyapatite, polymer materials, bone growth, bone regeneration, osseointegration, bone remodeling, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cells, signaling pathways”. Totally 52 articles were finally selected for analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Magnetic field can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and mesenchymal stem cells, playing the role of osteogenic induction. (2) Wnt, RANK, MAPK and other signaling pathways play critical roles in magnetic field-mediated osteogenesis. Magnetic field affects bone metabolism by regulating the expression of osteogenic markers on these pathways. (3) Magnetic field can promote bone responses to implants, bioceramic scaffolds, and polymer materials. Thus, the combination of magnetic field and these biomaterials can improve bone regeneration and repair. (4) The best conditions for magnetic field to promote osteogenesis is not confirmed, and the magnetic field parameters should be carefully chosen in clinical practice. In addition, there are many theories about the mechanism of magnetic field-induced bone formation, and the detailed mechanism requires to be further studied.

Key words: bone, materials, magnetic field, magnetic nanoparticles, metal implants, bioceramic scaffolds, polymer composites, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, review

中图分类号:

李若珍, 田亚平, 温宁. 提高生物材料骨应答磁场的生物学效应[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2021, 25(28): 4510-4515.

Li Ruozhen, Tian Yaping, Wen Ning. Biological effect of magnetic fields to promote bone responses to biomaterials[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2021, 25(28): 4510-4515.

图/表（结果） 1

参考文献

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引言

材料方法

讨论

磁场作为一种辅助性物理治疗手段能够提高生物材料的骨应答，见表1。磁场或磁性纳米粒子对骨细胞的黏附、增殖、分化和矿化有显著影响。磁场对细胞行为的影响主要与机械传导途径被激活后转化为Wnt、MAPK或RANK等生化途径有关，但磁场诱导成骨的生物学效应有多种说法，确切的作用机制仍需继续深入研究。磁场还可以诱导生长因子、激素、多肽等迁移到植入体附近，促进植入体周围新骨形成[52]。磁性骨修复材料的生物安全性也是大家关注的一个问题，一般含有磁性纳米粒子的涂层或支架对人体不产生毒副作用，所用的磁性纳米粒子含量也远少于磁靶向给药所用量，在MRI检测时不会对人体产生不良影响。磁性材料在外磁场作用下发挥功能，提供磁场的装置可以选择可拆卸的装置，比如在种植体内部放置磁芯，不需要时可以取出，但不同类型、不同强度磁场对各种骨细胞有不同的影响，最佳参数范围还没有统一的标准，在临床应用时应注意磁场参数的选择。另外，磁场对人体远期影响的研究也比较少，还应注意预防潜在危害，加强对磁场安全性的观测。磁场和热门、前沿生物材料组合应用的研究有很多，目前有研究将磁性纳米粒子与形状记忆材料联合在一起用于骨组织修复，形状记忆合金、形状记忆高分子聚合物等材料具有高弹性、体积膨胀、形状记忆的特点，它们作为修复材料植入后体积膨胀，会对周围骨组织产生机械压力，持续的骨挤压有利于骨重塑，提高骨密度，而且柔和的弹性压力类似于发育期的生理张力，能够激发骨组织的再生能力。同时，磁性形状记忆修复材料在外磁场的作用下能够诱导成骨，两者联合使用能更大程度地提高骨再生，尤其适用于骨密度低、骨质差的部位缺损修复及骨质疏松患者的修复治疗。另外，将磁性纳米粒子和上转换纳米粒子应用于口腔种植体表面改性的研究也很少，稀土掺杂的磁性涂层表面既可以提高种植体骨结合又具有荧光诊断作用，通过定期追踪观察可以及时预防和即时处理因种植体周围炎引起的骨吸收和创伤性骨吸收等问题。因此，未来可尝试拓展磁性修复材料的应用范围，从预防、诊断、治疗多角度研究将其用于骨损伤修复。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

提高生物材料骨应答磁场的生物学效应

Biological effect of magnetic fields to promote bone responses to biomaterials

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