中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (23): 3619-3624.doi: 10.12307/2021.029

• 骨组织构建 bone tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

应力作用下骨不连断端组织中成骨因子的变化

刘金伟1,陈允震2,万春友1   

  1. 1天津医院矫形一科,天津市   300211;2山东大学齐鲁医院骨一科,山东省济南市   250012
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-06 修回日期:2020-06-12 接受日期:2020-07-14 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-01-26
  • 通讯作者: 万春友,硕士,主任医师, 天津医院矫形一科,天津市 300211
  • 作者简介:刘金伟,男,1986年生,山东省潍坊市人,汉族,2014年山东大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事四肢骨折,骨质疏松与骨不连研究。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市卫生健康委员会2019年度中医中西医结合科研课题(2019114),项目负责人:万春友

Changes of osteogenic growth factors in the broken end of bone nonunion under stress

Liu Jinwei1, Chen Yunzhen2, Wan Chunyou1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2020-06-06 Revised:2020-06-12 Accepted:2020-07-14 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-01-26
  • Contact: Wan Chunyou, Master, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • About author:Liu Jinwei, Master, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Supported by:
    2019 Research Project of Tianjin Municipal Health Commission for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, No. 2019114 (to WCY)

摘要:

文题释义:
反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR):是将RNA的反转录(RT)和cDNA的聚合酶链式扩增(PCR)相结合的技术。首先经反转录酶的作用,从RNA合成cDNA,再以cDNA为模板,在DNA聚合酶作用下扩增合成目的片段。RT-PCR可用于检测组织细胞中基因表达水平。
骨形态发生蛋白:是一组具有类似结构的高度保守的功能蛋白,属于转化生长因子β家族。骨形态发生蛋白能刺激DNA的合成和细胞的复制,从而促进间充质细胞定向分化为成骨细胞。它还是体内诱导骨和软骨形成的主要因子,并在肢体生长、软骨内骨化、骨折早期、软骨修复时表达,对骨骼的胚胎发育和再生修复起重要作用。

背景:动物实验表明在骨不连断端的纤维组织中仍存在一定数量的成骨细胞及成骨因子,并且断端周围血管数量与正常骨折愈合组织差异无统计学意义。
目的:观察机械应力作用下骨不连断端成骨生长因子骨形态发生蛋白、血管内皮生长因子、转化生长因子β1的变化。  
方法:选取60只成年雄性SD大鼠,通过股骨干截骨,采用自制可调节加压式外固定架建立骨不连模型。术后第4,8,12周X射线片及组织学观察断端变化,确立骨不连模型,排除感染、外架脱落等个体。选取40只骨不连模型大鼠随机分成2组:实验组定期给予低强度高频率应力刺激;对照组无应力刺激。3个月后采用放射学评分和组织学切片观察骨不连断端成骨情况;通过RT-PCR及免疫组化评估不同时间段断端组织中骨形态发生蛋白2、血管内皮生长因子及转化生长因子β1的表达及差异。  
结果与结论:①第12周X射线片及组织学显示断端髓腔骨性封闭,无骨桥连结,结缔纤维组织填充,骨不连模型建立;②实验组第4周,断端间隙显影模糊;第8周断端间隙呈絮状影;第12周断端间隙出现单侧的骨桥,第12周X射线评分显著高于第4,8周及对照组(P < 0.05);③RT-PCR及免疫组化结果显示,实验组骨形态发生蛋白2表达在第8周达到峰值,血管内皮生长因子基因扩增在第4周出现高峰,而其表达在第8周出现峰值,转化生长因子β1表达趋势平稳;实验组不同时间段成骨因子表达均显著高于对照组(P < 0.05);④结果表明,机械应力作用下骨不连断端骨形态发生蛋白2、转化生长因子β1、血管内皮生长因子表达增高,断端间有新骨形成,提示低强度应力有促进成骨的作用。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-5495 (刘金伟) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 机械应力, 骨不连, 成骨生长因子, 瘢痕, 模型,

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Existing animal experiments have shown that there are a certain number of osteoblasts and osteogenic growth factors in the fibrous tissue of the fractured bone end, and moreover, the number of blood vessels around the fractured end is not statistically different from that in the healed tissue.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change of osteogenic growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor β1, in the broken end of bone nonunion under mechanical stress. 
METHODS: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected to build the nonunion models. Nonunion models were established with self-made adjustable compressive external fixation. Then 40 rat models were selected for the experiment and were randomized into an experimental group and a control group. Then low-intensity high-frequency mechanical stress was applied to the experimental group, while nothing done to the control group. After 3 months, osteogenesis at the broken end of bone nonunion was assessed by radiological and histological observations. The changes of osteogenic growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor β1 at the broken end of bone nonunion were detected by immunochemistry and RT-PCR.   
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The consequences of radiography and histology showed that the broken end was sealed, with no bone bridge linking and connective tissue filled the broken gap between bone nonunion after 12 weeks. Then the gap became vague under mechanical stress after 4 weeks and was flocculent after 8 weeks. Unilateral osseous bridge connected the ends after 12 weeks. The radiographic score of the experimental group at the 12th week was significantly higher than that at the 4th and 8th weeks as well as that of the control group (P < 0.05). The results of RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry showed the expression of bone morphogenetic protein reached the peak at the 8th week. Gene amplification of vascular endothelial growth factor reached the peak at the 4th week and its expression peaked at the 8th week. The expression of transforming growth factor β1 kept smooth tendency. Compared with the control group, the expression of these osteogenic growth factors was significantly higher in the experimental group (P < 0.05). To conclude, the expression and gene amplification of bone morphogenetic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor β1 could be obviously increased between the ends under mechanical stress, osteogenic tissue was found at the broken end. The consequences indicate that low-intensity mechanical stress has a positive relationship with osteogenesis.

Key words: bone, mechanical stress, nonunion, osteogenic growth factor, scar, model, rat

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