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09 July 2010, Volume 14 Issue 28 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Exogenous nerve growth factor-induced autologous vein bridge for repairing peripheral nerve defect Xiao Wen-yao, Wang Xin, Duan Da-peng, Wang Jian-min, Din Xuan-xi, Yang Cheng-ye, Chen Gen-yuan, Pu Xing-hai 2010, 14 (28):  511-5194.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.014 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (515KB) ( 427 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is relatively ideal to repair nerve defects using autologous nerve graft. But it has its drawbacks. A better treatment for repairing nerve defects should be found. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of autogenous vein graft (AVG) under induction of exogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) on the peripheral nerve repair and regeneration after injury. METHODS: Wistar rats were used to prepare injured models of peripheral nerve and were divided randomly into three groups. The nerve defect was bridged with autogenous vein, and the neural regeneration room was formed and injected with NGF in the experimental group. The rats in the control group were injected with normal saline instead of NGF. In the standard group, autogenous nerve grafting was performed. The animal ethology observation, electrophysiological and morphological detection were performed at 1 and 3 months after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All experimental animals had different regeneration and repair of nerve tissues. By contrast, there was a better manifestation in repairing the peripheral nerve defects in the experimental group, and neuroelecrophysiology detection showed that nerve concluctive velocity (NCV) was significantly faster than those in the other groups. Morphological observation showed that the quantity and quality of regenerative nerve fiber were superior to the control group obviously (P < 0.05), and they had not significant differences compared with the standard group (P > 0.05). The co-therapy of NGF and autogenous vein graft can promote repair and regeneration of peripheral nerve after injury. The treatment not only can increase quantity of regenerative nerve fiber, but also can significantly promote their quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Time-depended effect of low oxygen on mouse osteoclast differentiation Lang Hong-mei, Jin Xiao-lan, Wan Yong, You Zhi-qing 2010, 14 (28):  5136-5140.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.002 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (512KB) ( 399 )   Save BACKGROUND: When the people living on the plain go to the plateau, soon they would suffer low bone mass, if a bone fracture happens on the plateau, bone heal would be delayed, even nonunion. Comparing with the region of low altitude, bone absorption in the region of high altitude increases and bone mass decreases. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of lower oxygen concentration on the differentiation of mouse osteoclast at different time points, and to study the possible molecule mechanisms of effect of hypoxia on the osteoclast differentiation. METHODS: The mouse bone marrow cells were obtained from mice and were cultured in normoxia (20% oxygen concentration) and hypoxia (3% oxygen concentration) groups. The 3rd -5th generation mature osteoblasts were added to purified bone marrow cells. These cells were randomized into 2 groups with 4 samples in each group. At 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after cultivation, total cellular RNA was isolated using total RNA kit. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of osteoprotegerin and RANK and RANKLmRNA. The expression of RANK protein was assayed by Western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with normoxia group, with time prolonged, the expression of osteoprotegerin mRNA was decreased but the expression of RANKmRNA, RANKLmRNA and RANK protein were increased. The results demonstrated that hypoxia can stimulate the differentiation of osteoclasts. Especially at the 5th day of lack of oxygen, the quantity of osteoclasts formation was greatest. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of compound stanozolol on different skeletal sites of rats induced by D-galactose Zhang Xin-le, Wu Tie, Cui Liao, He De-mou, Li Bin, Zhang Yi-jia, Wu Guang-liang, Dai Juan-xiu 2010, 14 (28):  5141-5145.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.003 Abstract ( 122 )   PDF (514KB) ( 389 )   Save BACKGROUND: Stanozolol can increase bone mineral density in osteoporosis patients, which promotes bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption, however, its effectiveness in senile osteoporosis, as well as its effects on the different parts of the skeleton, remains unclearly. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of compound stanozolol on different skeletal sites of rat D-galactose-induced osteoporosis model through bone histomorphometry observation. METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the normal control, D-galactose and compound stanozolol groups according to random number table. All rats were prepared osteoporosis models by subcutaneous injecting D-galactose exception of the normal control group. In the compound stanozolol group, rats were gastric irrigated with stanozolol 0.54 mg/(kg•d)+Piracetam 432 mg/(kg•d) for 14 successive weeks. Solvent control was performed between normal control and D-galactose group. Bone histomorphometric parameter of the proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM), and tibial shaft was calculated. The biomechanic properties of right femur were analyzed by three-point bending test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone histomorphometric analysis showed that compound stanozolol could prevent micro-structural damage of PTM caused by D-galactose, inhibit bone resorption and facilitate proximal tibial bone formation. However, compound stanozolol had no obviously effect on cortical bone mass loss of tibial shaft by D-galactose. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of sciatic nerve and T10 spinal cord injuries on early callus generation in rats with femoral shaft fracture Yuan Chun, Gou San-huai, Ouyang Yue-ping, Liu Yan, Xi Yan-hai 2010, 14 (28):  5146-5150.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.004 Abstract ( 139 )   PDF (586KB) ( 326 )   Save BACKGROUND: Neural factors have mediation role on fracture healing. But the exact mechanism has been unknown. This study is designed to further observe the effect of peripheral nerve and central nervous system on the fracture healing course. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of nerve loss (sciatic nerve and T10 spinal cord) on early callus generation in rats with femoral shaft fracture. METHODS: Wistar rats were prepared for open hemi-femur middle fracture models, and were made the ipsilateral sciatic nerve transaction (SNT) and / or spinal cord transection at the T10 level (T10ST). All rats were executed 14 and 28 days after operation, then the samples of fracture site was drawn, which were used for radiologic measurements and microscope histology observation of the new bony callus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 14 and 28 days after modeling, the bony callus imaging measurement results showed that the fracture healing of the SNT group was the fastest, and the T10ST group was slowest. The differences among the 3 groups had significance (P < 0.05); the histology observation showed that the bony callus was more mature in the control group, but there were immature bony callus in the SNT group and T10ST group. Peripheral nerve injury can accelerate the course of bone fracture healing, but the central nervous system injury will delayed the course. There are significant deficiencies to the construction of bony callus under the denervation state. Nerve is a necessary condition for fracture healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rabbit knee osteoarthritis model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transaction: Protective effects of alendronate combined with glucosamine hydrochloride on articular cartilage and subchondral bone   Pi Jun-jie, Lü Zhi-wei, Yan Zhi-rong, Lu Kai-lin, Cai Hai-feng 2010, 14 (28):  5151-5154.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.005 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (501KB) ( 625 )   Save BACKGROUND: Glucosamine hydrochloride is considered available agent for osteoarthritis, while alendronate, an inhibitor of bone resorption, is reported to be potential for the treatment of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To study the curative effects and related mechanisms of alendronate combined with glucosamine hydrochloride on the osteoarthritic rabbit knee induced by anterior cruciate ligament transaction. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits, aged 3 months, were divided randomly into sham surgery, model, glucosamine hydrochloride, and glucosamine hydrochloride + alendronate groups. All rabbits were prepared for right knee osteoarthritis model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transaction except that in the sham surgery group. Group glucosamine hydrochloride received a daily administration of glucosamine hydrochloride (150 mg/kg), group glucosamine hydrochloride + alendronate received glucosamine hydrochloride plus a subcutaneous injection of alendronate (10 μg/kg per day); in contrast, animal in the model group received normal saline with the same dose. All rabbits were sacrificed 8 weeks later. Samples of cartilage harvested from right knees were observed for the macro-pathologic changes after the first and the right tibias were removed and biomechanical test was performed to measure the maximal loading and compression modulus. Femurs were prepared for the paraffin section, with the subsequent staining of hematoxylin-eosin staining and graded by Mankin scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared to the model group, rabbits in the glucosamine hydrochloride group and glucosamine hydrochloride + alendronate group showed milder osteoarthritic changes, with significantly lower Mankin scores (P < 0.05). Bone mineral density of distal femur in the glucosamine hydrochloride + alendronate group was significantly higher than those of other groups (P < 0.05). Both the maximal loading and compression modulus in the glucosamine hydrochloride group was significantly lower than those of glucosamine hydrochloride + alendronate group. Alendronate combined with glucosamine hydrochloride had a better effect on anterior cruciate ligament transaction-induced rabbit osteoarthritis by inhibiting the development of osteoarthritis from directly protecting cartilage and modulating subchondral bone metabolism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological comparison between in vitro cultured degenerative and normal nucleus pulposus cells: When is the best time to intervene degenerative nucleus pulposus cells? Liang Wei-guo, Ye Dong-ping, Dai Li-bing, Shen Yan 2010, 14 (28):  5155-5158.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.006 Abstract ( 122 )   PDF (558KB) ( 408 )   Save BACKGROUND: Human intervertebral disc can bear load but lack vessels. The mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of disc degeneration through comparison of different biological properties between normal and degenerative nucleus pulposus cells of intervertebral disc. METHODS: Human normal and degenerative intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells were isolated and cultured. Light microscopy, electron microscopy and other morphological methods were used to observe the general morphology and ultrastructure of the cells; growth curve and XTT experiment were used to compare the differences in growth kinetics; the vitality and cell-type Ⅱ collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) mRNA expression was determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The degenerative nucleus cells displayed aging appearance at least 2 generations earlier than the normal nucleus cells. Degenerative nucleus pulposus cells showed G1 phase arrest, and the cell could not enter S phase; cell mitosis was inhibited. The growth of degenerative nucleus pulposus cells was faster than normal cells but also aged rapidly. Since the first generation, the degenerative nucleus pulposus cells expressed lower Ⅱ collagen and GAG mRNA than the normal nucleus pulposus cells at the same period. Results show that under in vitro culture conditions, the degenerative nucleus pulposus cells had low proliferative capacity and appeared aging and apoptosis. The best time to reverse the disc degeneration for the intervention trial is before the two-generation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of high glucose on the neuregulin-1 expression of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells   Shi Guo-xiang, Zheng Ze-qi, Li Bin-gong, Xi Hai-long, Kang Ting, Sun Chuan-fu 2010, 14 (28):  5159-5162.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.007 Abstract ( 104 )   PDF (455KB) ( 350 )   Save BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is unclear. Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) can promote revascularization. Whether the incidence of diabetes cardiomyopathy is relevant to the down expression of NRG-1 of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells needs further research. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of high-glucose on the expression of the NRG-1 of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. METHODS: The second generation of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells were selected and divided into three groups. Control group: cells were cultured in normal medium; high-glucose group: glucose (10 mmol/L) was added into medium;  glucose + insulin group: glucose (10 mmol/L) and insulin (10-5 U/L) were added into medium. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells were collected after 24 hours, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of NRG-1 mRNA and protein.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the expression of the NRG-1 mRNA and NRG-1 protein in the high-glucose group were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with high-glucose group, the expression of the NRG-1 mRNA and NRG-1 protein in the glucose + insulin group were increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). High glucose can inhibit the expression of NRG-1 mRNA and NRG-1 protein of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, which can be antagonized by insulin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of lipopolysaccharide on the secretion of human corneal stromal fibroblasts Jiang Hong, Xu Hai-yang, Hao Ji-long 2010, 14 (28):  5163-5166.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.008 Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (402KB) ( 316 )   Save BACKGROUND: Corneal stromal fibroblasts cultured in vitro can recognize lipopolysaccharide, the main constituent of gram-negative bacterial cell wall, and release varied cytokines and chemotactic factors, which facilitate leukocytic infiltration and promote formation of corneal ulcer. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of bacterial lipopolysacchride on the secretion of human corneal stromal fibroblasts. METHODS: Human corneal stromal cells were cultured in vitro, and the 3-5 generations were selected for the experiment. The levels of interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 in supernatant of corneal stromal fibroblasts were determined by ELISA prior to and after adding lipopolysaccharide. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In a certain range of mass concentration and action times, lipopolysaccharide had no effect on survival rate of human corneal stromal fibroblasts. No interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor α were expressed in the cultured human corneal stromal fibroblasts. However, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 were slightly expressed in human corneal stromal fibroblasts without lipopolysaccharide. At 24 hours after adding lipopolysaccharide (100 μg/L), the levels of interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 were increased obviously. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of external direct current electric field on endothelial cell proliferation and migration   Huang Wen-li, Zhao Ying-yi, Yang Gang, Zhao Xiao-jun 2010, 14 (28):  5167-5171.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.009 Abstract ( 141 )   PDF (545KB) ( 300 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that electric fields affect cell shape, cell motility and morphology, including endothelial cell proliferation and directional migration. This effect plays an important role in the angiogenesis and vascular injury repair system. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of external direct current (DC) fields on the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells HY926. METHODS: MTT assay was performed to detect in the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells HY926 under the voltage of 3 V, 5 V, 8 V, 10 V roles for 12 hours. The movement trajectory of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells under the voltage of 5 V for 10 hours were tracked and analyzed statistically, including the average cumulative distance and the average rate of cell migration, the average cell size and direction of the ultimate displacement (indicated using the sine value), and the average sine value of all single cell in an hour. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After treatment with the voltage of 3 V, 5 V, 8 V, 10 V for 12 hours, the cells growth were inhibited remarkably. However, having been applied voltage of 5 V, the electric field strength of 163.46 mV / cm, the proliferation of endothelial cells performed the best. In the physical electric field, the average migration rate of endothelial cells showed a downward trend with the time increasing. After applied voltage of 5 V for 10 hours, all most of the endothelial cells obviously migrated towards the cathode continuously. It suggested that the applied DC electric field significantly inhibited the proliferation of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and induced cell migration directed to the cathode. Related Articles | Metrics

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Whether vitamin E supplements can decrease the risk of prostate cancer: Meta analysis Li Jia, Hou Zhi 2010, 14 (28):  5177-5180.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.011 Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (451KB) ( 375 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is poorly understood whether vitamin E supplements can decrease the risk of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between vitamin E supplements and the risk of prostate cancer by Meta analysis. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, CNKI, VIP and bibliographies were retrieved to search articles containing randomized controlled trials of vitamin E supplements on risk of prostate cancer, and the data were analyzed by using RevMan5.0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 5 randomized controlled trials containing 85 549 participants were included. The result of Meta analysis showed that, compared to placebo, the vitamin E supplements did not significantly affect the incidence of prostate cancer [RR=0.96, 95%CI (0.85-1.08)] and mortality [RR=0.84, 95%CI (0.57-1.24)]. Vitamin E supplements could not reduce the incidence of prostate cancer and mortality, the results still need to be confirmed by high quality, and large sample size randomized controlled trials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in fracture healing rats combined with brain injury   Wu Cheng-long, Guan Jian, Song Yong-zhou, Feng Guo-jun, Ma Wei 2010, 14 (28):  5181-5185.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.012 Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (450KB) ( 315 )   Save BACKGROUND: Many clinical cases demonstrated that the callus number was obvious increased, and the bone healing was faster in fracture patients combined with brain injury. However, there is not a prospective control study underlying the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the mechanism is unclearly. OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of VEGF expression in SD rats fracture healing combined with brain injury and fracture only. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control, simple fracture and fracture combined with brain injury groups. Rat diffuse midrange brain injured model was prepared by using modified Marmarou installation method. In addition, rat fracture model was prepared as follow: Knee joint of left lower extremity was depilated and sterilized, Condyles of tibia was perforated, shin bone was fracted transversally in above 1/3 of shin bone. The reparative process and effect of fracture were observed by X-ray films; and VEGF expression in the Osteotylus samples were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no obviously differences between the simple fracture and fracture combined with brain injury groups at days 3, 7 and 14 after fracture. Compared to the simple fracture group, the fracture lines of the brain injury combined fracture group have become blurred, and formed a great quantity osteotylus surrounding the fracture parts at day 24, and the fracture lines disappeared after 42 days, the fracture has basically healed. In the simple fracture group, the expression of VEGF appeared at day 7, gradually increased, reached a peak at week 3, but disappeared after 42 days. In the brain injury combined fracture group, the expression of VEGF appeared at day 3, and reached a peak 2-3 weeks later. Its peak expression was early and lasted for a longer time. It demonstrated that the bone healing was faster in fracture rat combined with brain injury, namely, brain injury has promoted effect on fracture healing, which may relevant to longer persistence time and ahead of schedule of VEGF expression. Related Articles | Metrics

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RhoA/ROCK-I signaling pathway and expression of connective tissue growth factor in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts  Dai Li-bing, Pan Shu, Shen Yan, Huang Yue, Liang Rong, Kang Ning, Li Ye-yang, Li Xiao-jian, Xie You-fu, Li Gang, Zhang Yan 2010, 14 (28):  5186-5190.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.013 Abstract ( 136 )   PDF (507KB) ( 816 )   Save BACKGROUND: Our previous research has demonstrated that the expression of RhoA and ROCK-I in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts were greater than those in normal skins. These result suggested that RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway might take part in the hypertrophic scar formation. But these effects are still unclear in the hypertrophic scar formation. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of on expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. METHODS: Fibroblasts were obtained from human hypertrophic scars and cultured in the mediums. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and Y-27632 were used to intervene the cells. Fluorescent quantitative PCR assay and immunofluorescence cytochemistry were used to quantify the expression and secretion of RhocA, ROCK-I and CTGF in the hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Upon TGF-β1 treatment, the expression and secretion of RhocA, ROCK-I and CTGF in the hypertrophic scar fibroblasts were significantly increased (P < 0.01). But these effects of TGF-β1 on ROCK-I and CTGF were inhibited in the TGF-β1+Y-27632 group. However, there were no expression changes after single Y-27632 treatment. This indicated that TGF-β1 can regulate the expression of CTGF via RhoA/ROCK-I signaling pathway, namely, RhoA/ROCK-I signaling pathway participate the expression regulation of CTGF in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and block the downstream pathway, which may be one of the molecular mechanism of TGF-β1 in effecting hypertrophic scar formation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of transforming growth factor beta 1, insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ and their synergy on the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts Wang Peng, Hu Qiong-hua, Hu Yang-hong 2010, 14 (28):  5195-5198.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.015 Abstract ( 91 )   PDF (467KB) ( 305 )   Save BACKGROUND: The application of injecting human skin fibroblast (HSF) cultured in vitro has provided a firenew idea for the treatment of facial wrinkles and minor depression. However, it would be more practical if the time which HSF cultured in vitro could be shortened. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-Ⅰ) and their synergy on the HSF proliferation. METHODS: HSF were cultured in vitro. The 3rd passage cells were inoculated into 96-well tissue culture plates, and treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1, IGF-Ⅰ, respectively, and the combinations of TGF-β1 and IGF-Ⅰwere established at their optimal effect concentrations. The control group was also established for comparison. The proliferation was detected at 3, 6 and 9 days by the MTT colorimetric method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The proliferating effects of two growth factors (10.0 μg/L TGF-β1, 50.0 μg/L IGF-Ⅰ) on the 3rd passage cells at 6 and 9 days were significantly better than in the control group (P < 0.05), thus, this was the optimal concentrations for growth factors. The differences between the experimental group and corresponding control groups had significance at 6 and 9 days after operation (P < 0.05). Compared with other groups, the combination groups of 10.0 μg/L TGF-β1 and 50.0 μg/L IGF-Ⅰ showed a significantly higher proliferating effect at 9 days after operation (P < 0.05). TGF-β1 and IGF-Ⅰ can promote the proliferation of the HSF, respectively, and the combinations of TGF-β1 and IGF-Ⅰat their optimal concentrations have better proliferating effects than the single growth factor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of core peptide on the proliferation and apoptosis of synoviocytes induced by rheumatoid arthritis Lu Yun, Yu Shun-lu, Xing Guo-sheng, Wei Xue-lei, Zhang Kai, Zhao Wen-jun, Fan Xin-jun, N•Manolios 2010, 14 (28):  5199-5203.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.016 Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (567KB) ( 428 )   Save BACKGROUND: Our previous study has identified that the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by intraarticular injection of core peptide (CP) significantly suppressed disease activity and inhibited synovial hyperplasia, but the effect of CP which was direct action or through T cell-mediated on synoviocytes did not be still studies. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively examine the effects of CP on the proliferation and apoptosis in synoviocytes of RA and osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Synovial tissues were obtained from RA or OA patients at the time of total joint replacement surgery. Synovial cells were isolated from synovial tissues by collagenase digestion. Cell proliferation was measured with MTT assay. Cells at passages 3 were used for the experiments and randomly divided into five groups: control group, 1 μmol/L MTX, low-dosage CP (10 μmol/L), middle-dosage CP (25 μmol/L) and high-dosage CP (50 μmol/L) groups. Cell proliferation of each group was assessed by MTT, and apoptotic index of the cells were detected using flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The proliferation of synoviocytes in RA were found higher than those in OA (P < 0.05). All three dosage of CP could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of synoviocytes in OA, showing a dosage-dependent manner. High-dosage CP could remarkably induce the apoptosis of synoviocytes in OA, but middle or high-dosage CP could remarkably induce the apoptosis of synoviocytes in RA. The effect of CP on synoviocytes in RA was inferior to that on synoviocytes in OA. The results indicated that CP had a direct effect on synoviocytes. High-dosage CP inhibited over-proliferation of synoviocytes in RA, while middle and high-dosage CP might induced apoptosis of synoviocytes in RA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Histological changes of a rabbit model of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis intervened by pravastatin: Comparison between general observation and light microscope Hu Min, Zhao Hong-bin, Dong Xi-liang, Luo De-jun, Zhou Xu 2010, 14 (28):  5204-5207.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.017 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (585KB) ( 393 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated that pravastatin promoted the repairing of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis via up-regulating expressions of endogenous bone morphogenetic protein-2, core-binding factor-α1, and vascular endothelial growth factor. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the histological changes of a rabbit model of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis intervened by pravastatin using general observation and light microscope. METHODS: A total of 80 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group (n=18) and experimental group (n=62). The experimental group was injected with escherichia coli endotoxin (10 μg/kg) into auricular vein twice, every 24-hour intervals; while, prednisolone (20 mg/kg) was injected into buttock three times, every 24-hour intervals to make steroid-induced femoral head necrosis model. At the fifth week, 36 out of 39 rabbits were equally divided into model group and pravastatin group. The pravastatin group was intragastrically administrated with pravastatin (1.2 mg/kg), once a day. Model and control groups were intragastrically administrated with the equal volume of saline. The femoral head was obtained at 8, 12, and 16 weeks and observed with general observation and light microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gross observation and light microscopy demonstrated that a clear bone necrosis of femoral head was observed in the model group, and a large number of fat cell proliferation was found in the bone marrow cavity. As compared with model group, injured level of cells in the pravastatin group was mild, density of bone trabecula was high, ratio of bone lacuna was less, area of bone necrosis was decreased, number of adipocytes was reduced, and bone necrosis was well repaired. This suggested that pravastatin could effectively restore steroid-induced femoral head necrosis in the early stage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of low-energy laser irradiation at oral pharynx and Dubi acupoint (ST35) on metabolism of oxygen free radicals in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis  Zhang Yan-jiao, Li Shao-xin, Guo Zhou-yi, Huang Han-chuan,Yang Xi-chen 2010, 14 (28):  5208-5211.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.018 Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (468KB) ( 471 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, laser irradiation, especially local irradiation, are used for treating knee osteoarthritis. But it has limitations in output power and signal, which easy to produce adaptation and reduce the efficacy after repeated irradiation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of the low-energy laser irradiating at acupoint or at low-energy laser multiple areas united irradiation on the metabolism of oxygen free radicals in experimental rabbits with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Papain solution was injected into articular cavity of rabbits to prepare knee osteoarthritis models. Low-energy laser irradiating at Dubi acupoint (ST35) or at oral pharynx and Dubi acupoint (ST35) was applied for 15 days, 10 minutes per day. The serum levels of nitrogen monoxidum (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and synovium superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe histomorphological changes of knee cartilage tissues. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the contents of serum NO and MDA elevated significantly in the model group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and SOD activities were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The pathological damage mitigated after laser irradiation, NO and MDA levels were decreased, and SOD activity was increased, especially in the united irradiation group (P < 0.05). The changes of MDA levels in synovial tissue of joint was the same as serum SOD contents. Low-energy laser irradiation at oral pharynx and Dubi acupoint (ST35) can correct oxygen free radicals metabolic disorder and reduce structure damage of articular cartilage, which achieve superior results to irradiation at Dubi acupoint in treating knee osteoarthritis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus rat models Zhang Song-yun, Yang Chang-chun, Hao Yong-mei, Zhang Qing-jiu, Jiang Hui-qing 2010, 14 (28):  5212-5215.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.019 Abstract ( 178 )   PDF (437KB) ( 506 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fat-fed plus small dose of streptozotocin are widely used to induce rat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) models in china, while only half of fat-fed rats develop insulin resistance. Thus, it is necessary to explore ideal methods for T2DM model establishment. OBJECTIVE: To explore a novel animal model for T2DM by selecting the diet-induced obese (DIO) rats plus streptozotocin injection. METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control and high fat diet groups. Four weeks later, rats of HF diet group were divided into DIO group and diet-induced obesity resistance (DR) group by body weight. Eight weeks later, rats in all groups were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneal (30 mg/kg). Rats with fasting blood glucose >7.8mmol/L and maintained for 2 weeks were enrolled in T2DM. The levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride, serum insulin, insulin sensitivity were determined. Diabetic successful rate was compared among groups. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control and DR group, the body weight, total cholesterol, triglyceride, serum insulin and insulin resistance increased significantly in DIO group (P < 0.01). Diabetic successful rate in DIO group reached to 100%. It is a successful improvement to establish rat models of T2DM by selecting DIO rats combined with STZ injection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of total cholesterol and triacylglycerol in rabbit models of avascular necrosis of the femoral head Zhang Yu-bo, Peng Hao, Fang Hong-song, Li Hao-huan, Wang Wei 2010, 14 (28):  5216-5219.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.020 Abstract ( 117 )   PDF (492KB) ( 482 )   Save BACKGROUND: Slather of glucocorticoid (GC) is the most common non-traumatic cause for necrosis of the femoral head. Though there are close association between GC and necrosis of the femoral head, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To establish an experimental model of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) caused by corticosteroid in adult rabbits and to observe the metabolism of fatty substance. METHODS: Twenty healthy Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into the control and the experiment groups. In the experiment group, ANFH was induced by injection of horse serum and a high dose of corticosteroid. In the control group, normal saline was injection with the same volume. Contents of total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerol (TG) of the blood serum were measured at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after injection. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 6 weeks and the pathological changes were detected with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Digital radiography (DR) and computed tomography (CT) were performed at 8 weeks before killing the remaining rabbits. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In experiment group: DR showed bilaterally decreased bone density, an unclear epiphyseal line, and blurred texture of cancellous bone. CT showed spot-like low-density imaging of cancellous bone, thinner cortical bone, osteoporosis, and an unclear epiphyseal line. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of pathological sections showed fewer trabeculae and thin bone, an increased proportion of empty osteocyte lacunae, decreased hematopoiesis, thrombosis, and fat cell hypertrophy. No obviously change was found in the control group. The contents of TC and TG in experiment group were increased after model preparation (P < 0.05), which was apparently greater than that of the control group (P < 0.01). Rabbit model of ANFH can be successfully established by combination of horse serum and corticosteroid. Metabolic disorder of fatty substance is a very important pathogenesis of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head. Related Articles | Metrics

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Primary culture of human chorionic trophoblast cells by differential attachment in combination with digestion elimination methods Zhang Xiao-hong, Li Yu-hong, Xu Qian, Ren Chun-li 2010, 14 (28):  5220-5223.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.021 Abstract ( 153 )   PDF (460KB) ( 754 )   Save BACKGROUND: The methods for primary culture of human chorionic trophoblast cells in vitro are tedious. Moreover, the low cell purity and high cost limit their application in ordinary laboratory. OBJECTIVE: To establish a simple, convenient and practical method for primary culture of human chorionic trophoblast cells in vitro. METHODS: Modified trypsinization was used to isolate chorionic trophoblast cells from 5-10 weeks gestational women by 0.0625% trypsin at 37 ℃ for 25-40 minutes. The cells were puvified by differential attachment and digestion method. The inverted microscope was used to observe the shape of cells, and immunocytochemistry was used to identify the source and the purity of cells． RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The microscopic examination revealed that following cultures, a large number of round cells freely floated; some cells began to attach 1 hour later, and 70%-80% cells were attached by 24 hours; the number of cells significantly increased by 5-6 days, displaying triangle or polygon shape and patchy spreading growth; the nuclei were large, oval and centralized; some cells were long-fusiform shaped. The 80%-90% confluent cells were passaged by 7-8 days, and completely confluent by 9-10 days. Cell debris did not attached. The passage cells attached 1.5 hours after culture, rapidly grew, and became confluent by 3-4 days. The appearance of each passage cells was similar, displaying epithelioid cell appearance. The 70%-80% cells were  positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin. Low density trypsinization, differential attachment and digestion elimination methods are simple and easy to obtain high purity human chorionic trophoblast cells． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Kangfushuang on skin radiation injury healing in rats  Gong Zhen-yu, Tong Ya-lin, Wan You-hua, Yang Run-sheng, Su Xiao-ling 2010, 14 (28):  5224-5227.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.022 Abstract ( 129 )   PDF (555KB) ( 341 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) and povidone iodine are common used for treating radiotherapy-induced radiation skin injury, but both of the two methods have drawbacks. Kangfushuang (KFS) can promote cell proliferation and possesses antibacterial and antiphlogistic effects, which may be benefit to skin healing after radiation injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe effects of KFS on skin radiation injury healing in rats.  METHODS: A Wistar rat model with deep II degree burn was prepared by locally irradiating with high energy X radiation of accelerator. At 12 days after radiation, the animals with skin injury were randomly divided into KFS, rhEGF and povidone iodine groups, and treated by daily smear of drugs. The healing rate and time were observed in all the groups. The wound tissues were harvested at days 7, 14, 21 after treatment, the pathohistological changes of wound tissues, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were observed. The PCNA positive cells were measured by labeling index to evaluate the tissue repair in wound healing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The healing time and healing rates of the KFS group and rhEGF group were significantly better than that of the povidone iodine group (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the KFS group and rhEGF group (P > 0.05). The expression of PCNA in the KFS group and rhEGF group were significantly superior to that of the povidone iodine group (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the KFS group and rhEGF group (P > 0.05). The results showed that KFS can relief the early inflammatory reaction, enhance wound re-epithelization and differentiation of epidermal layers, and accelerate skin healing after radiation injury in rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of ginkgo flavone aglycone intervention on intimal proliferation and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 expression in rabbits following carotid balloon injury   He Yan, Xie Qing-ping, Wu Li-rong, Liu Xing-de, Fang Ying 2010, 14 (28):  5228-5232.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.023 Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (574KB) ( 371 )   Save BACKGROUND: Flavone aglycone, a component of ginkgo biloba extract, has strong antioxidant activity. Preliminary studies have demonstrated that ginkgo flavone aglycone (GFA) can inhibit lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of GFA on the intimal proliferation and LOX-1 expression in rabbits after carotid endothelial injury. METHODS: New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into the control, sham surgery, model, and treatment groups. All rabbits were fed with high cholesterol chow except that in the control group. Rabbits in the sham surgery group underwent surgery without endothelium injury, those in the model and treatment groups underwent carotid balloon injury. GFA was administered daily to the treatment group by gavages. Serum lipids in 4 groups were detected at 4 weeks after operation. The carotid artery segments were harvested for histomorphometry observation. LOX-1 levels were measured though SP immunohistochemistry assay and RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Neointimal proliferation and atherosclerosis was found in carotid artery of the model group at 4 weeks after operation, and the expression of LOX-1 was notably increased (P < 0.05). In the treatment group, the intimal area, intimal/medial area ratio and the LOX-1 expression were smaller than those of the model group (P < 0.01), but the serum lipids levels had no difference. GFA can inhibit neointimal proliferation and atherosclerosis progress, which may be related to down-regulated expression of LOX-1 after carotid balloon injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of curcuma decoction on mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in rats with vascular endothelial injury  Li Xiao-sheng, Chang Yan-yan, Ma Li-jia, Dong Chuan, Zhao Gui-hai 2010, 14 (28):  5233-5236.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.024 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (531KB) ( 277 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that curcumin has widely anti-inflammatory effect and protects vascular endothelial cell against injury.  OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of curcuma decoction on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 in rats with vascular endothelial injury, and to explore the molecular mechanism of protection effects from the aspect of inflammatory reaction. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided equally into normal control, sham operation, model and curcuma groups. Rats were prepared for vascular endothelial injury models in the model and curcuma groups. At 24 hours after model preparation, rats in the curcuma group were intragastric administrated 100 mg/kg curcuma decoction, once per day, for 14 successive days. Rats in the model group were intragastric administrated 3 mL/d physiological saline. There was laparotomy suture without balloon catheter insertion in the sham operation group. All animals were sacrificed at 3, 7 and 14 days after operation. The expressions of MAPK, TNF-α and interleukin-6 were measured by ELISA assay. The morphological changes of vascular endothelial cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expressions of MAPK, TNF-α and interleukin-6 in the curcuma group were significantly lower than those in the model and sham operation groups at 3, 7 and 14 days after operation (P < 0.05), especially at 14 days  (P < 0.05). Compared with other groups, the endometrial hyperplasia in the curcuma group was decreased at 7 days after operation (P < 0.05). The results showed that curcuma interference protects vascular endothelial cell via inhabiting TNF-α, interleukin-6 expressions and blocking MAPK signals.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in forefoot plantar pressure distribution following Hallux valgus treatment with Ludloff osteotomy  Mao Wei, Zhang Jian-zhong, Sun Chao, Wang Xian-jun 2010, 14 (28):  5237-5243.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.025 Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (568KB) ( 594 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ludloff osteotomy has been used widely in China and abroad, but it is not clear which causes biomechanical changes in the forefoot. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of plantar pressure after Ludloff osteotomy, and to study its features and indications. METHODS: A total of 11 patients (15 feet) were treated by modified Ludloff osteotomy on the first metatarsal and release on the lateral of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Eleven volunteers (16 feet) were served as the controls. All of the persons were measured in dynamic state by Tekscan-system prior to the operation and 6 months later, 5 anatomical pressure areas were identified by the researcher, based on the peak pressure footprint and standing anteroposterior radiograph of the foot. These areas were defined as metatarsal heads 1-5 (M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5); Peak force (PF) and total force (F) of the regions were used respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: F analysis: before operation, when the load of the 1st metatarsal got the maximum in gait, the load of the 2nd was the largest among 5 metatarsals, followed by the 1st metatarsal. After operation, the load of the 1st was the largest, followed by the 2nd metatarsal. In the control group, the maximum lad appeared on the 1st and 2nd metatarsals, and the differences had no significance. The loads of the 3rd, 4th and 5th metatarsals were decreased one by one. PF analysis: the PF of the M2, M1 (M3), M4, M5 decreased one by one in the pre-operative and the control group; the PF of the M1 (M2, M3), M4, M5 were decreased one by one post-operatively. The ratios of the M1/M2, M2/M3, only were found significant differences between the pre-operative and the post-operative. All results demonstrated that: ①Hallux valgus deformity really exhibited a typical loading pattern of forefoot characterized by a medio-lateral transfer from the 1st metatarsal to the 4th, 5th metatarsals in this study. ②Ludloff osteotomy mainly changes the load of the 1st and 2nd metatarsals, which has no significant effect on the 3rd, 4th and 5th metatarsals. Related Articles | Metrics

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Creep properties of rat brachial plexus  Feng Tie-jian, Sun Chang-jiang, Luo Min, Ma Hong-shun 2010, 14 (28):  5244-5247.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.026 Abstract ( 97 )   PDF (436KB) ( 254 )   Save BACKGROUND: The suture anastomosis of brachial plexus injury brachial plexus is necessary to understand the mechanical creep characteristics. Previous studies mainly focus on tensile mechanical properties of brachial plexus. Reports concerning creep on the brachial plexus viscoelastic properties are few. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the experimental animals creep mechanical properties of the brachial plexus in order to provide creep parameters for clinic. METHODS: Shimadzu Universal testing machine was used to perform creep experiments of brachial plexus in experimental animals. The speed of creep stress increase was 0.01 GPa/s, with experimental time of 7 200 s. In total 100 experimental data were collected and processed using normalized analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Creep of animal brachial plexus specimen at 7 200 s was 5.6%. Creep values change rapidly during the first 600 seconds, and then strain was increased slowly and the value of equilibrium curve could be reached at 7 200 s. The results show that the creep curve changes in an exponential relationship, and the brachial plexus has mechanical properties of viscoelastic creep. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of rib impact mechanical properties from youth and elderly corpses Chen Shu, Guo Xi-ping, Gao Ming, Ma Hong-shun 2010, 14 (28):  5248-5250.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.027 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (377KB) ( 308 )   Save BACKGROUND: Impact mechanics properties of ribs should be understood in treating osteoporosis, bone remodeling, bone reconstruction, as well as artificial joint replacement. Most of previous studies concerning youth and the elderly bodies alone, reports regarding impact of ribs mechanical properties are few. OBJECTIVE: To perform impact experiment to the normal people youth and the elderly fresh corpse ribs to survey the impact mechanical properties, and to definite whether the impact mechanical properties of ribs have difference between youth and the elderly people. METHODS: Experimental samples were from 4 normal fresh corpse, aged 20, 25, 70 and 75 years, were provided by Department of Anatomy, Norman Bethune Medical University. Spinal column ribs T3-12 specimen were obtained from corpse within 1 hours and cut into 55-mm long pieces, with 20 test pieces in each group. The impact experiment was performed using energy liberation method at room temperature under 20 ℃. After experiment, the impact energy was displayed automatic on testing machine, and the impact toughness was calculated by mechanical formula, and the morphology of fracture surface was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The impact energy and impact toughness of the youth group was obviously greater than that of the elderly group (P < 0.05). Majority of the fracture surfaces were comminuted, minority were transverse or oblique fracture. The macroscopic observation showed that trabecular arranged compact in the ribs of the youth group, which was sparse arrangement and presented with senile osteoporosis in the elderly group. It demonstrated that the impact mechanics properties of ribs are different between the youth and elderly groups, and osteoporosis changes impact mechanics properties in the elderly people. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of muscle fatigue on knee proprioception  Zheng Rong-qiang, Wang Yu-bin 2010, 14 (28):  5251-5253.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.028 Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (343KB) ( 604 )   Save BACKGROUND: The decline of proprioception delays reaction to imbalance status, and results in sports injury. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of quadriceps femoris and hamstrings fatigue on the knee joint position sense (JPS). METHODS: A total of 14 volunteers participated in the joint position error test. First the knee joint position error test was measured before muscle fatigue, then the muscle fatigue was caused by isokinetic concentric exercise on the velocity of 90 (°)/s, and JPS error signals were measured immediately after fatigue, and every 10 minutes thereafter for 1hour. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Before muscle fatigue, the accuracy of knee JPS was (2.85±1.46)°. After muscle fatigue, the accuracy increased to (6.32±2.54)°. Knee JPS was recovered to normal level at 40 minutes after muscle fatigue. Therefore, muscle fatigue leads to low knee JPS, which can increase the risk of the knee injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Composition and construction method of tissue-engineered trachea  Wang Lin-mao, Gao Wen, Chen Chang 2010, 14 (28):  5256-5259.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.030 Abstract ( 125 )   PDF (567KB) ( 276 )   Save BACKGROUND: When a more than 6-cm trachea is removed, the anastomotic fistula would occur due to great tension, thus, trachea reconstruction should be performed. However, the therapeutic effect of allograft transplantation, autotransplantation, and artificial substitutes are unsatisfactory. Tissue engineering is a developing research spot in recent years, and tissue-engineered trachea has exhibits favorable prospect in treating anastomotic fistula. OBJECTIVE: To understand the composition and construction method of tissue-engineered trachea from the aspects of scaffold materials, seed cells, growth factor, reconstruction of stereochemical structure, and clinical applications. METHODS: The databases of VIP, Pubmed and Elsevier were searched by computer with the key words of “tracheal transplantation and tissue-engineered trachea”. The articles related to construction method of tissue-engineered trachea and published between 2000 and 2009 were selected. The repetitive literatures were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 279 literatures were initial searched, and 30 articles were included for further study. Currently, most of scaffold for tissue-engineered trachea were made from synthetic materials, and nano-material was thought to be the most potential material. Seed cells were resourced from chondrocytes and tracheal epithelial cells. Tissue-engineered trachea chondrocytes could be constructed in vitro by using rotary cell culture system, and the adding of growth factors could induce, accelerate and enhance chondrosis. Tissue-engineered trachea has widely prospect for its less donor tissue and free from rejection. However, there are still problems encounter its application.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Latest information addressing related growth factors in cartilage tissue engineering  Li Cheng, Wang Wei 2010, 14 (28):  5260-5263.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.031 Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (452KB) ( 363 )   Save BACKGROUND: There is not an ideal way to promote cartilage repair and regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of related growth factor in cartilage tissue engineering. METHODS: PubMed and CHKD databases were retrieved with key words of “cartilage, cell factor, tissue engineering” both in Chinese and English to search articles published between January 1997 and January 2009. Totally 38 papers were included for further analysis after removing repetitive studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Studies demonstrated that cytokine, such as transforming growth factor β, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein, as well as cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein and other cell factors have significant impacts on cartilage repair. These factors mediate the entire process of cartilage repair, which can promote the proliferation and differentiation of cartilage cells and guide these cells to play its function. Presently, most studies concerning cytokine are at experimental levels, the safety of which in clinic still should be improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Theoretical study and clinical application of osteonectin Tang Yi-bo, Zhao Liang, Su Jia-can 2010, 14 (28):  5264-5267.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.032 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (556KB) ( 423 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteonectin is a unique matricellular glycoprotein that is expressed by many different types of cells. As an important component of matricellular matrix, osteonectin contributes to developing and remodeling of bone, tumorigenesis, cell turnover and differentiation. OBJECTIVE: To review and summarize the structure and functions of osteonectin, and to assess the role of osteonectin comprehensively. METHODS: The relevant articles between 2000 and 2010 were retried from PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and Wanfang (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn) using the key words of “osteonectin, SPARC, matricellular protein, fracture healing, tumorigenesis” by the first author. A total 59 literatures were retrieved, and 27 met the inclusion criteria were further analyzed. CONCLUSION: As a widely expressed matricellular protein, osteonctin not only served as structural protein of extracellular matrix, but also served as regulatory protein for many materials. Osteonctin plays an important role in many biological functions via binding to Ca2+ and collagen, but the study is still at the preliminary step and the mechanism remains unclear. On the other hand, it is reported that osteonctin was abnormal expressed in pathologic state, but the perspective study still limited in animal experiment and in vitro cell experiment, thus, it is far from clinical application. However, osteonctin has breakthrough in treating bone union and tumor with the deepening of studies.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview of the treatment for knee osteoarthritis in 10 years: Lack of acknowledged evaluation criterion and therapeutic scheme Li Shi-sheng, Wu Yao-chi 2010, 14 (28):  5268-5271.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.033 Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (560KB) ( 526 )   Save BACKGROUND: Plenty of reports concerning knee osteoarthritis treatment in past 10 years, whereas, there is not an optimal therapeutic scheme, and the therapeutic effects remain unstable. OBJECTIVE: To seek an optimal therapeutic scheme with stable effects on knee osteoarthritis through the analysis of clinical treatments from the year of 2000. METHODS: Using computer technology to retrieve the articles in VIP periodical full-text data base on clinical treatment of knee osteoarthritis from January 2000 to September 2009. The search words were “knee osteoarthritis, therapy, treatment, method of therapy, method of treatment, therapeutic effect”. The language was limited for Chinese. The clinical therapy on knee osteoarthritis was included. And the reproductive research or non-typical report was excluded. A total of 34 literatures were included for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Tissue engineering for knee osteoarthritis mainly focus on two aspects: ①inducing natural healing by elevating self-repairing capability of cartilage. ②filling the cartilages with cartilage-like tissues or materials. The combined modality therapy exhibits superior therapeutic effects to single therapy, especially the treatment of integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine. However, there has not unified standard on diagnostic classification and evaluation of clinical therapeutic effects. Therefore, the unified standard for evaluation would be benefit to the accurate judgment of clinical diagnostic classification, the evaluation of therapeutic effect and the choice of treatment, in addition, it can promote the effectiveness and stability of treatments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role and mechanism of cervical mechanical traction technique Liu Kai, Xie Qing, Bi Xia 2010, 14 (28):  5272-5275.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.034 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (495KB) ( 898 )   Save BACKGROUND: In clinic, cervical mechanical traction is considered to be one of the main therapeutic methods for cervical syndrome patients, especially for that with symptoms of nerve root or vertebral artery compression. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of cervical mechanical traction technique in China. METHODS: Databases of CNKI and Medline was retrieved with key words of cervical mechanical traction both in Chinese and English to search literatures published between January 2000 and January 2009. In addition, related monograph was manual searched. Studies concerning action mechanism, three essential factors, as well as the modifying of cervical mechanical traction technique were included in this analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cervical mechanical traction is a physical therapy technique which put stress on cervical vertebra that is made extension by means of machine, aiming to detach articular facet, extension soft tissue, and improve biomechanics. Different patients have different destination, and the traction should be altered. The best combination of weight, time, posture, mode, frequency using in some patient with his trouble is most important. Based on vertebral column anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics, to understand action mechanism, handling indication, contraindication, adverse reaction, announcements and practical limitations, being familiar with operating sequence, are all involved in the mechanical traction therapy. Along with the advancement of research and technique, there will be better development in normalization and individualization of cervical mechanical traction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Asymptomatic spondylotic cervical cord compression  Zhang Lian-ji 2010, 14 (28):  5276-5280.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.035 Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (542KB) ( 495 )   Save BACKGROUND: Image research has been less reported about asymptomatic spondylotic cervical cord compression. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment method of asymptomatic spondylotic cervical cord compression. METHODS: Articles were retrieved from PubMed, Wanfang database, and VIP database with the key words of “asymptomatic spondylotic cervical cord compression” in both English and Chinese between January 1987 and January 2009. Clinical references related to asymptomatic spondylotic cervical cord compression were included, but duplicated research and untypical reports were excluded. A total of 36 articles were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MRI demonstrated that patients who did not have symptoms and signs of cervical spondylotic myelopathy were diagnosed as asymptomatic compression. Standard criteria should be set to exactly determine clinical diagnosis and evaluate therapeutic effect; thereby the best treatment method is chosen to improve therapeutic effect and stability. Animal experiment demonstrated that tissue-engineered allogeneic freeze-drying radiation bone satisfactorily introduced vertebral plate regeneration, prevented complication following intact vertebral plate resection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between satellite cells and muscle hypertrophy as well as exercise regulation of myogenic factor  Wang Jin-yue, Wang Xiao-hong, Chen Min-sheng, Yang Hai-dong 2010, 14 (28):  5281-5284.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.036 Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (545KB) ( 533 )   Save BACKGROUND: Satellite cells, which proliferate, differentiate and fuse to increase the quantities of nucleuses and myofibers, and then change the function or morphology of skeletal muscle, are the material of myogenesis. Whether muscle hypertrophy might be independent on satellite cells or not is still controversial. Myogenic factors (MRFs) are key factors of myogenesis. However, characteristics and difference among them remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and investigate the effect of satellite cells or MRFs on myogenesis, muscle hypertrophy and musde training. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in CNKI and Medline databases with the key words of “skeletal muscle, hypertrophy, exercise, myogenesis, satellite cell, MRF” in both Chinese and English from 2000 to 2010. The relation between satellite cells and muscle hypertrophy, funtion and exercise-regulation of MRFs was summarized; while, regulatory mechanism and muscle remolding were investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 177 articles were retrieved. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 articles were included in the final analysis. The results demonstrated that myogenesis was a basis of muscle hypertrophy, and satellite cells played a key role in myogenesis. However, satellite cells did not participate in early phase of muscle hypertrophy, thus DNA was not a good index to determine changes of satellite cells. MRFs were core factors to cause myogenesis. At present, function and motor regulation of MRFs still need to be further studied. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tendon hypertrophy and exercise training  Li Min 2010, 14 (28):  5285-5288.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.037 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (501KB) ( 278 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tendon morphological structure is related to biomechanics, which affects exercise performance and incidence of tendon lesions. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the recent researches on the tendon hypertrophy, and to provide a theoretical basis for the study of tendon adaptation to exercise. The tendon in the paper is free tendon without symptoms. METHODS: PubMed database and CNKI database were searched for documents from related to morphology changes of tendon and collagen metabolism in tendon extracellular matrix following exercise training from 1980 to January 2010.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 37 literatures were analyzed. More researches suggest exercise results in tendon region-specific hypertrophy, which is primarily related to the age and workload. Tendon region-specific hypertrophy is more likely to produce when exercise start from growth, and may need relatively high intensity and long duration. The mechanism may be the high collagen turnover in response to exercise, which results in the change of tendon fibril quantity and diameter. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of training on myosin heavy chain of skeletal muscles  Lu Jian-qing, Tang Chang-fa, Yin Li-qin 2010, 14 (28):  5289-5292.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.038 Abstract ( 157 )   PDF (535KB) ( 641 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies showed that maximum shortening velocity of fast and slow muscle are different, mainly because the different myosin heavy chain types, which are expressed by fast and slow muscle, and cause differences in myosin ATPase activity. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the composition changes of skeletal muscle fibers and myosin heavy chain under different exercises conditions, and to have a deeply understanding of the relationship between exercises training and skeletal muscle contractility. METHODS: PubMed and Medline springlink database from January 1990 to October 2009 were searched by computer for articles about the skeletal muscle and myosin heavy chain, with the key words of the “skeletal muscle”, “myosin heavy chain”, and “training”, the language was limited to English. Simultaneously, Chinese Journal Full-text database was searched for the articles during the period of January 2000 to October 2009, the key words were “skeletal muscle, myosin heavy chain, and training,” with the language limited to Chinese. Inclusion criteria: the effect of different forms of exercise on skeletal muscle and myosin heavy chain. Exclusion criteria: repeated or similar studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The morphological characteristics of myosin: fast and slow muscles contain different types of myosin heavy chain. The effects of exercises on myosin heavy chain are: endurance training can cause muscle myosin heavy chain transformed from the fast to the slow type, which is affected by training time, intensity and age factors; anti-resistance training can enhance fast myosin heavy chain, which at the same time affected by training intensity, and time duration as well; and reduction of exercises mostly will lead to slow myosin heavy chain transformed to the fast type. And resistance strength training can cause skeletal muscle hypertrophied which is showed as muscle fiber myosin heavy chain increased, and muscle fiber transformation expressed as the myosin heavy chain-Ⅱ x (formerly named Ⅱ b myosin heavy chain) transforms to the myosin heavy chain-Ⅱ, and hypoxia training can lead to slow myosin heavy chain transformed to the fast type, while reduction of exercises mostly will lead to slow myosin heavy chain transformed to fast type too. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of chronic spinal cord injury models Qian Jun, Sun Zheng-yi, Ma Wei-hu 2010, 14 (28):  5293-5296.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.039 Abstract ( 164 )   PDF (610KB) ( 446 )   Save BACKGROUND: The pathology and pathophysiology of spinal cord remain poorly understood due to lack of simple and ideal animal models. OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the further establishment and application of chronic spinal cord injury models by comprehensive reviewing the chronic spinal cord injury models.  METHODS: Articles published in Medline database were retrieved by computer using key words of “spinal cord injury, animal model, models, animal”. Documents with few samples or duplicated articles were excluded. Totally 34 literatures were remained for further analysis.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Animal models of spinal cord injury play an important role for exploring the etiology and pathogenesis of the spinal cord disease, especially in the neurobiology of spinal cord regeneration and evaluation of effective interventions after spinal cord injury treatments. Although the current animal models of spinal cord injury in a large variety of advantages and disadvantages of each deposit, there are many variation factors, such as individual differences among animals, the operation proficiency and the extent of damage precision device, which results in the existing models, can not accurately control the spinal cord injury in the scope and extent. Therefore, establishment of animal models of spinal cord injury with strong stability, and can reflect a specific pathological change has been a goal pursued by researchers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Subject attributes of acupotomology   Zhang Yi, Guo Chang-qing 2010, 14 (28):  5297-5300.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.040 Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (491KB) ( 597 )   Save BACKGROUND: Acupotomology is a minimally invasive technique, which has been developing so fast that hospitals throughout China began acupotomy services.  OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility of acupotomology becoming an independent discipline and its academic position. METHODS: The database of CNKI was retrieved for papers published between January 1979 and May 2009. At the same time, relative monograph was searched by manual. The language was restricted as Chinese. Literature concerning following aspects were included: musculature; relationship between musculature and soft tissues; the effects of soft tissue changes on peripheral nerve, blood vessel, joint, or prostate; and CT imaging. The repeat literature was excluded.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONG: Acupotomology, made full use of sufficient research basis and unique research content, can form a unique theoretical system and corresponding treatment technologies. The article describes the possibility of acupotomology to become an independent discipline. It found that the acupotomology was come from Chinese medicine, and closely related to multiple disciplines and various clinical departments. It can develop into an independent discipline in medical science as a new independent branch, and it is a very cross-disciplinary development, and a new discipline of TCM. However, the study of acupotomology faces the problems of low academic maturity, lack of standardization, inadequate education, as well as weak scientific research foundation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between muscle segment homeobox 1 gene and non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in parts of Shanxi Province Yin Xu-bin, Chen Xian-jiu, Nan Xin-rong 2010, 14 (28):  5301-5304.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.041 Abstract ( 156 )   PDF (443KB) ( 371 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies considered that muscle segment homeobox 1 (MSX1) gene related to non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCL/P). However, researches for the report on Chinese have not been seen. OBJECTIVE: To study relevance of MSX1 gene mutation and NSCL/P pathogenesis in Shanxi province of China. METHODS: Oral mucosa from 130 patients received treatment at the Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from May 2007 to January 2008 were included, meantime, 130 normal control ones were selected. The MSX 1 gene of two groups were sequenced and compared.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The MSX 1 gene expression level was lower in the NSCL/P group than that in the control group (P < 0.01), which showed that MSX 1 gene expression level has shown a downward trend in the in the NSCL/P group. Then the MSX 1 gene products of two groups were sequenced. Logistic regression analysis showed that (AA/AT904)β=-3.74, (GG/GAA1389)β=-22.18, the variable being introduced into the equation of risk factors were AA/AT904 and GG/GAA1389, which was illustrated that in the NSCL/P patients, down-regulated expression of MSX 1 gene variants were AA/AT904 and GG/GAA1389. All results suggested that MSX 1 gene mutation at coding regions of C-terminal side of the homeodomain protein and exon 3’ end of noncoding region has correlation to NSCL/P. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between bone mineral density and Singh index of femoral neck in different genders Xu Cong, Zhao Guo-jun, Li Lian-tai, Cao Xiang-yu 2010, 14 (28):  5305-5308.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.042 Abstract ( 128 )   PDF (396KB) ( 740 )   Save BACKGROUND: Singh index and bone mineral density (BMD) are widely used in measuring bone strength and osteoporosis, however, the relationship between them, as well as difference in genders, are rare reported.  OBJECTIVE: To analysis the relationship between BMD and Singh index in different genders. METHODS: A total of 42 samples were collected from patients suffered femoral neck fracture and received operation of total hip replacement. The BMD of primary bearing area was measured by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. All the patients had Singh index according to X-ray before operation. The relationship between BMD and Singh index were explored. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The correlation index of Spearman in male about Singh index and BMD was r=0.646, P=0.002, which had a significant correlation. In particular, the BMD value was positive associate with Singh index, which could be used in judging the state of osteoporosis. The Spearman index of female about Singh index and BMD was r=0.304, P < 0.181. There was no dramatic correlation between them. It demonstrated that the relationship between Singh index and BMD was unclear for female postmenopausal osteoporosis, thus, clinical treatment should be selected individualized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gray correlation between inflexion and extension muscle strength of the knee joint and 100 m performance in sprinters Yuan Ling-wei, Dong Hui-juan 2010, 14 (28):  5309-5312.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.043 Abstract ( 128 )   PDF (353KB) ( 365 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is reported that the damage probability of extension muscle of the knee joint of sprint athletes is higher. Thus, it is necessary to explore the gray correlation between the inflexion muscle and extension muscle of the knee joint and the velocity of sprinters. OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between strength of the knee joint and 100 m performance in sprinters using gray relational analysis. METHODS: Biodex-Ⅱisokinetic dynamometer and rehabilitation system were applied to test the strength of the knee joint of the sprinters at low and high speed, respectively. The gray correlation between peak torque and sprint in the inflexion muscle and extension muscle of the knee joint were analyzed. RESULTS and CONCLUISION: Under 2 speeds, the peak torque and the peak torque/weight and the peak work and the peak work/weight of the slow extension muscle were significantly greater than the fast extension muscle expect power. Simultaneously, the strength of the extension muscle was general better than the inflexion muscle. The peak torque and the peak torque/weight of the slow extension muscle and the peak torque of the slow inflexion muscle was the factor that effecting 100 m sprint performance at low speed. The peak work/weight and the peak torque/weight of the fast extension muscle of the knee joint and the peak torque/weight of the inflexion muscle was the main factor that effecting 100 m sprint performance at a high speed. The results revealed that the extension muscle strength at low speed and the inflexion muscle strength at a high speed of the knee joint are mainly factors of the sprinters. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and identification of mouse SK2 gene subclones Zhang Qian, Yuan Jian-dang, Zhao Guo-qiang, An Yu-hui 2010, 14 (28):  5313-5316.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.044 Abstract ( 126 )   PDF (324KB) ( 323 )   Save BACKGROUND: Small conductance, Ca2+-activated potassium (SK) channel, presents in various cell types and plays a crucial role in action potential profile. However, coupling and modulation of calcium and associated molecules to SK2 channel remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To construct the recombinants of pGBAT7 and target fragments of SK2 gene, so as to observe the coupling and regulation of SK2 channel gene to calcium and other molecules. METHODS: Three pairs of primers of the target fragments of SK2 gene were designed and synthesized based on the full-length sequences of SK2. After being identified, they were individually sub-cloned into the yeast expressive plasmid pGBKT7 to construct pGBKT7-SK2 vectors. The recombinant pGBKT7-SK2 vectors were transformed into yeast AH109 by electroporation, and their activation was tested. The recombinants were extracted from yeast AH109 and verified by electrophoresis and sequencing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The target fragments of SK2 gene by PCR were 411, 546 and 729 bp, respectively. Three sub-clones of pGBKT7-SK2 were successfully constructed. Electrophoresis and sequencing showed that the constructed sub-clones of pGBKT7-SK2 met the expected requirements. The recombinant pGBKT7-SK2 vectors transformed into the yeast could be activated. The successful construction of the sub-clones of SK2 gene provides an important material basis for further study in the SK2 channel and function-associated molecules. Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between osteocalcin Hind Ⅲ genetic polymorphism and body mass index variation Investigation of 390 premenopausal women in Nanchang region Xu Hong, Yang Yu-ping, Liu Yong-ming, Tu Yun-ming, Peng Jing, Zhang Li, Zou Lin, Kuang Hai-bin 2010, 14 (28):  5317-5320.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.045 Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (320KB) ( 292 )   Save BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) is a commonly used phenotype for obesity, which is determined by multiple genetic factors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether osteocalcin (also known as bone Gla protein, BGP) Hind Ⅲ genetic polymorphism is associated with BMI variation. METHODS: A total of 390 premenopausal women from a local population of Nanchang City were selected. Body weight and height were measured. All participants were genotyped at the BGP Hind Ⅲ locus using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The BGP genotype frequencies of HH, Hh and hh were 0.077, 0.408 and 0.515, respectively. The distribution of BGP Hind Ⅲ genotypes was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The BGP Hind Ⅲ were significantly associated with BMI (P=0.002), which could explain about 5.47% of BMI variation. On average, BMI of individuals with HH genotype was the highest [(22.81±0.73) kg/m2], individuals with Hh genotype was intermediate [(21.50±0.53) kg/m2], while individuals with hh genotype was the lowest [(20.23±0.63) kg/m2]. Therefore, carriers of HH and Hh genotypes had, respectively, approximately 12.75% and 6.28% higher BMI than carriers of the hh genotype. To our best knowledge, this is the first study reporting the association of BGP Hind Ⅲ genetic polymorphism and BMI in healthy premenopausal women. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro construction of tissue-engineered cartilage using rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Effects of transfected insulin-like growth factor-1 gene Zhang Chuan-hui, Yang Jun, Li Jian-jun, Sun Yang-bai 2010, 14 (28):  8131-5135.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.001 Abstract ( 110 )   PDF (561KB) ( 338 )   Save BACKGROUND: The preliminary study confirmed that transfection of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene can significantly promote the proliferation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in two-dimensional culture conditions. OBJECTIVE: On the basis of preliminary study, to investigate the proliferation capacity of rabbit ADSCs transfected with IGF-1 gene in three-dimensional culture conditions using chitosan gelatin complex scaffold as carrier, and to construct tissue-engineered cartilage initiatively. METHODS: ADSCs were harvested from the posterior subcutaneous adipose tissue of adult New Zealand white rabbits. After being transfected with pcDNA3.1-IGF-1, the cells were seeded onto Chitosan-gelatin scaffolds, and divided into groups: Blank control group, non-transfected ADSCs was incubated; Empty vector group: ADSCs induced by IGF-1 was incubated; Gene transfection group was transfected ADSCs/scaffold composite. After culture for 1 week, cell morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the growth curve was measured by MTT, the proliferation and distribution of cells were labeled by CM-DiL, and the contents of glycosaminoglycan in each group were determined by using dimethylmethylene blue dye-binding assay.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The stable expression of pcDNA3.1-IGF-1 cell lines were established successfully and showed stable expression of IGF-I in mRNA and protein level. SEM showed that the cells exhibited a good attachment and stretch in the scaffold, in which gene transfection group grew the most vigorously. MTT and GAG results suggested that gene transfection group displayed strongest proliferate ability with highest glycosaminoglycan content (P < 0.01). CM-DiL fluorescence showed that the cells distributed  well with the highest survival rate (P < 0.05). Those revealed that transfected rabbit ADSCs with IGF-1 gene can promote the proliferation of ADSCs/scaffold composite and the secretion of chondral extracellular matrix such as glycosaminoglycan. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protease activated receptors regulate prostaglandin E2 production in human fetal lung fibroblasts cultured in three-dimensional collagen gels   Wang Jing, Li Ji-hong, Zhang Jie, Fang Qiu-hong, Ma Ying-min 2010, 14 (28):  8172-5176.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.28.010 Abstract ( 141 )   PDF (451KB) ( 330 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fibroblasts cultured in 3-dimensional collagen gels will mediate collagen gels contraction, which is considered to be an in vitro model of tissue remodeling. PAR1 and PAR2 have been known to be involved in tissue remodeling through stimulating collagen gel contraction mediated by fibroblasts. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a predominant prostanoid mediating signal transduction of protease activated receptors, and it also plays an important role in contraction, proliferation, and chemotasis reaction of human fetal lung fibroblasts. However, whether protease activated receptors can modulate the PGE2 production from fibroblasts cultured in the 3-dimensional collagen gels is not known. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether PAR1 and PAR2 might have effect on PGE2 production from fibroblasts cultured in 3-dimensional collagen gels. METHODS: Type Ⅰ collagen was extracted from tail tendon, and human fetal lung fibroblasts were cultured in vitro. Immunoblot was used to detect PAR1 and PAR2 expressions. Human fetal lung fibroblasts were cast into type I collagen gels, i.e., 3-dimensional culture of human fetal lung fibroblasts. After gelation, the human fetal lung fibroblasts were stimulated by PAR1 and PAR2 agonists, thrombin, trypsin, SLIGKV-NH2 and TFLLR-NH2. PGE2 was quantified in the supernatant using ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Both PAR1 and PAR2 were demonstrated to express on human fetal lung fibroblasts. PGE2 release was detected under control condition. PAR1 nonselective agonist, PAR2 nonselective agonist, and SLIGKV-NH2 significantly stimulated PGE2 production (P < 0.01); however, TFLLR-NH2 remarkably inhibited PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). The results demonstrated that PAR1 and PAR2 regulated prostaglandin E2 production in human fetal lung fibroblasts cultured in three-dimensional collagen gels. Related Articles | Metrics