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12 February 2011, Volume 15 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Correlation between soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products levels in synovial fluid and disease severity of knee osteoarthritis  Li Jian-hua, Gao Wei, Qiu Nan-ha2 2011, 15 (7):  1124-1126.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.018 Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (932KB) ( 301 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) levels in synovial fluid might be negatively associated with disease severity of knee osteoarthritis (OA). OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between sRAGE levels in synovial fluid of OApatients and disease severity. METHODS: A total of 46 OA patients and 14 healthy controls were enrolled. The OA was defined using the revised criteria of American Rheumatism Association for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. The disease severity of OA was graded by Kellgren-Lawrence classification. sRAGE levels in synovial fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: sRAGE levels in synovial fluid were significantly lower in OA patients than in healthy controls (P < 0.01). sRAGE levels in synovial fluid were negatively associated with disease severity of OA (r=−0.587, P < 0.01). These results demonstrated that sRAGE levels might be associated with the severity and progression of knee OA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of calcitonin on femoral fracture healing in ovariectomized rats Song Ya-qi, Zhang Liu, Luo Yang, Tian Fa-ming, Cheng Tan 2011, 15 (7):  1141-1145.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.001 Abstract ( 229 )   PDF (1562KB) ( 363 )   Save BACKGROUND: Calcitonin can activates adenylyl cyclase protein kinase A pathway and phospholipase C pathway, inhibits activity of osteoclast, may treats osteoporotic fracture. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of calcitonin on femoral fracture healing in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Ovariectomized SD rat right femur fracture model was constructed, normal saline and calcitonin (16 IU/kg) were injected subcutaneously in the neck once per two days, respectively. Right bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at 3 weeks and 6 weeks after fracture, stained with hematoxylin- eosin (HE) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, as well as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphataste positive staining cells integral absorbance values of rats received calcitonin treatment after fracture was decreased significantly compared with rats received saline treatment (P < 0.05). SD rats were randomly divided into ovariectomy + fracture + calcitonin (experimental) group and ovariectomy + fracture + saline (control) group. At 3 weeks after fracture, fracture lines were clearly in both experimental group and control group, there was no significant difference in callus volume; endochondral ossification was dominant in fracture healing, there was no significant difference in BMD (P < 0.05). At 6 weeks after fracture, fracture lines were ambiguous in both experimental group and control group; there was no difference in callus volume, bone trabeculae arranged orderly, BMD of right femur increased significantly in experimental group compared with control group (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference of BMP-2 and VEGF between experimental group and control group at 3 weeks and 6 weeks after fracture (P > 0.05). The results demonstrated that calcitonin can inhibits osteoclast cell at fracture cite in ovariectomized rats, but has no significant effect on the promotion of femoral fracture healing in ovariectomized rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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D-galactose induced bone loss in male rats Luo Hong-mei, Cui Liao, Wu Tie, Xu Bi-lian, Liu Yu-yu 2011, 15 (7):  1146-1149.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.002 Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (1013KB) ( 302 )   Save BACKGROUND: Except osteoblast and osteoclast that can lead to osteoporosis, D-galactose also can result in bone loss in male rats.  OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of D-galactose on bone tissue in vivo and osteoblast cultivated in vitro. METHODS: Male SD rats were divided into control and D-galactose groups. Physiological saline was daily injected into rats in the control group, and 100 mg/kg D-galactose (5%) was administrated for 3 successive months. The left proximal tibia and fourth lumber were harvested for measurement of bone dynamic and static parameters using picture analyzing instrument. Osteoblast was in vitro cultured with different dose D-galactose and prostaglandin, the proliferation of osteoblasts was measured by MTT, and the alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblast was detected by PNPP way. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, trabecula area, thichness, and number were decreased, but trabecula separation was increased in the D-galactose group, suggesting that bone mass lose of D-galactose rats. Decreased bone mineralization rate and bone formation rate indicating bone conversion velocity was decreased. D-galactose can induce low conversion rate-induced bone loss, which is not by inhibiting osteoblast directly, but by other indirect ways. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of repair tendon-bone models in rabbits with postoperatibe acute rotator cuff rupture under stress and imaging evaluation during repairing Li Sen, Jin An-min, Min Shao-xiong, Zhang Hui, Wang Qing 2011, 15 (7):  1150-1154.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.003 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (1708KB) ( 338 )   Save BACKGROUND: Though many kinds of animals were used as models in the experiment of rotator cuff injury under stress, yet there is no single can be as the standard experimental animal model. OBJECTIVE: To construct repair tendon-bone models of rabbits with acute rotator cuff rupture under stress and to evaluate the iconography in repairing. METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits were underwent transverse myotenotomy of supraspinatus tendon and tendon insertion site reconstruction. After surgery, all animals were randomly divided into the stress and non-stress groups. Rabbits in the non-stress group were raise in normal cage, and those in the stress group were trained passive flexion and extension at 2 weeks after the reconstruction of the supraspinatus tendon. MRI and ultrasound examination was performed at the 2, 4 and 8 weeks after operation.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MRI test results: T2WI showed that the areas of the low signals of the tissues connected tendon and bone were larger and the signals of synovial fluid reduced more visible in stress group than in non-stress group at 4 and 8 weeks after operation. Ultrasound examination results: the continuous echoes appeared at the site of the rabbit supraspinatus tendon-bone in 2 groups, which showed more obvious in stress group than in non-stress group at 4 and 8 weeks after operation. The findings demonstrated that, repair tendon-bone models of rabbits with postoperatibe acute rotator cuff rupture under stress are successful constructed, and certain stress can promote repairing of the tendon-bone of rotator cuff. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of arginase Ⅰ expression in rat deep venous thrombosis models Song En, Li Yun-jian, Zhang Yu-bing, Yao Li-qing, Zhou Ru-dan, Li Hong-kun, Li Xing-guo, Zhang Chun-qiang, Wang Bing, Zhao Xue-ling 2011, 15 (7):  1155-1158.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.004 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (395KB) ( 451 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies in recent years have demonstrated that arginase Ⅰ contribute to the process of numerous cardiovascular diseases, however, most of studies focus on arteries, few regarding venous diseases.  OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of arginase Ⅰ expression in rat traumatic deep venous thrombosis models, and to analyze the possible function of arginase Ⅰ in deep venous thrombosis formation.  METHODS: Totally 100 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control and model groups. Traumatic deep venous thrombosis models were established by clamping the femoral vein and immobilizing the bilateral hind limbs (hip spica cast fixation), and assigned into initial thrombosis, peak thrombosis and non-thrombosis groups according to different observing time points and pathophysiological situations of thrombosis. Whole blood RNA of each group was extracted, and the change of arginase I expression in blood cells of each group was detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSUON: Expression of arginase Ⅰ in the peak thrombosis group was significantly increased compared with other 3 groups (P < 0.01). There were no significances among control, initial thrombosis and non-thrombosis groups (P> 0.05). The finding demonstrated that arginase Ⅰ is closely related to deep vein thrombosis formation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of small heat shock protein in skeletal muscle following eccentric training  Gao Qian-jin, Zhang Li-li 2011, 15 (7):  1159-1162.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.005 Abstract ( 315 )   PDF (1468KB) ( 362 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have proved that eccentric way of training can make the skeletal muscles generate protective effect and avoid damages caused by eccentric exercise. Up to now, there is little report about protective effect on small heat shock protein caused by mechanical load. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the protection mechanism on skeletal muscle cells caused by the small heat shock protein induced by the mechanical loading. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly assigned into a sedentary control group, and an exercise training group. In the exercise training group, we use treadmill to train rats by intermittent eccentric exercise, 5 days every week. While for those in the sedentary control group, we feed them normally. Forty-eight hours after the end of the 6 weeks training period, 6 rats from each group were also submitted to one-time big load eccentric exercise. Then we analyzed the levels of serum creatine kinase. Western bloting was used to analyze the expression of αB-crystallin. Immunofluorence was used to examine αB-crystallin expression characteristics in muscle cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After one-time eccentric exercise, rats’ serum creatine kinase in the sedentary control group was significantly higher than before exercise (P < 0.05), while serum creatine kinase was not significantly changed in the sedentary control group. Western-blotting results showed that, compared with the sedentary control group, there was an obvious increase of αB-crystallin protein levels in the exercise training group after one-time big load (P < 0.05). From immunofluorescence slice, αB-crystallin had translocated to sites at the Z-disk and cell membrane. Result suggests that the protein content of αB-crystallin is increased after eccentric exercise training and the increased αB-crystallin play protection effects through translocated to Z-dise and cell membrane. Related Articles | Metrics

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Adenovirus-mediates gene transfer of brain-derived neurotrophic factor for repairing sciatic nerve injury Li Pei-jian, Li Bing-cang 2011, 15 (7):  1163-1168.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.006 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (846KB) ( 332 )   Save BACKGROUND: How to accelerate injury repair and regeneration following peripheral nerve injury is the research focus. Gene therapy may be the possible treatment for this problem.  OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene after microinjected adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of BDNF (AxCA-BDNF) to the sciatic nerve for peripheral nerve regeneration. METHODS: Based on silicone tube graft as a support to bridge adult rat sciatic nerve gaps, Wistar rat were microinjected recombinant adenovirus vector of BDNF (AxCA-BDNF), BDNF and simple injection of virus buffer to the sciatic nerve respectively. With the methods of in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry, the BDNF gene expression was certified, the number of the new nerve fibers and motoneurons in anterior horn of the spinal cord were calculated, and the myelin sheath thickness of the new nerve fibers was measured at 3, 7, 14 days and 1, 2, 4 months after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the BDNF and control group, the expression of the BDNF gene in the proximal end, distal end and spinal cord (L3-6) of injured sciatic nerve were obviously higher than that of the BDNF and control groups    (P < 0.01). The result of retrograde axonal transport of HRP tracer indicated the survival neurons, regenerated nerve fibers, thickness of myelin sheath, as well as the re-formation of nerve connection of the AxCA-BDNF group were superior to the control group(P < 0.01). The results demonstrated that exogenous BDNF gene and its express proteins were uptaken to the spinal cord motoneurons through retrograde axonal transport. Gene therapy for sciatic nerve injury of adult rats by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in vivo not only promotes nerve regeneration but also protects the neurons in the spinal cord. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein fluorescent plasmid in chondrocytes Zhang Ping, Liu Bin, Cai Dao-zhang, Zhong Zhi-hong, Pan Yong-qian, Zhang Zhen-shan 2011, 15 (7):  1169-1173.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.007 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (764KB) ( 285 )   Save BACKGROUND: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) can delay osteoarthritis progress. The expression of IL-1Ra can be increased by gene transfection. OBJECTIVE: To construct recombinant human IL-1Ra protein fluorescent plasmid and to observe its expression in chondrocytes by liposome gene transfection.  METHODS: pGEM-T-IL-1Ra was digested with double enzymes restriction, and then it was linked with T4 DNA ligase and cloned into the pEGFP-C1 vector. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro. The plasmids carrying the IL-1Ra gene were transfected into chondrocytes. Then the expression of the transgene was observed under a fluorescence microscope and detected by using real-time PCR assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The sequence of obtained pEGFP-C1-IL-1Ra was identical to IL-1Ra and sequence in the Genbank. The expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein was observed. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the genes were expressed in chondrocytes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Age-related effect on Wnt-1 and osteoprotegerin expression in pressure side of periodontal tissue Xu Lian-jing, Qin Ming-qun, Mao Jun-wu, Huang Sheng-fu 2011, 15 (7):  1174-1178.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.008 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (772KB) ( 327 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) plays an important role in bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. Wnt-1 is closely related with bone formation, but Wnt-1 correlated with orthodontic bone remodeling has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To compare age-related effect on periodontal tissue Wnt-1 during orthodontic tooth movement in rats and osteoprotegerin expression. METHODS: A total of 40 male Wistar rats (6-week-old) and 40 male Wistar rats (24-week-old) were included. Orthodontic tooth movement model of rat molar mesial movement was prepared, the model was drawn at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days tooth movement. The expression of Wnt-1 and OPG in pressure side of periodontal tissue was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: OPG was expressed at the pressure side of periodontal tissues, which was stronger on days 3 and 7 than days 1 and 14; at the same time point, the OPG expression of pressure side of rats (6-week-old) was stronger than that of 24-week-old rats. Wnt-1 was not expressed at the pressure side of periodontal tissue in rats (6-week-old, 24-week-old). Wnt-1 protein expression of 6-week-old rats was existed at 3 days after tooth movement. Age factor is an important factor in orthodontic bone remodeling; however, Wnt-1 seems no correlation with orthodontic bone remodeling. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a rat DA to Lewis orthotopic liver transplantation model: Technical improvement Li Zhu, Li Li, Ran Jiang-hua, Zhang Sheng-ning, Liu Jing, Liu Dian-sheng, Li Lai-bang, Chen Juan 2011, 15 (7):  1179-1185.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.009 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (2578KB) ( 424 )   Save BACKGROUND: The acute rejection model of rat liver transplantation is the basic for studying the immunologic tolerance of animals, and the accepted matching pattern was DA to Lewis rats, DA to BN rats, and BN to Lewis rats. The above mentioned matching methods are few in China due to insufficient rat species and immature operation technology. OBJECTIVE: To establish rat (DA to Lewis) orthotopic liver transplantation model and to explore the skill and experience for establishing this model. METHODS: A total of 60 rats were established orthotopic liver transplantation models using Kamada two-cuff technique. Male DA rats served as donors, and male Lewis rats were used as recipients. Therapeutic amount of tacrolimus was administrated to recipients during 1 day before operation and 1 week after operation, which was continuously half dose decreasing every day began from eighth day post-operation and stopped administration by thirteenth day post-operation. The operation time was recorded, and the survival status, success rate and survival time was observed. All rats were sacrificed at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after operation. The gross and histopathologic changes of liver tissues were observed. And rejection activity index of liver tissues was scored. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cold ischemia time of donor liver was 30-60 minutes, the donor operation time, graft truing time, recipient operation time, and anhepatic period were (18.5±4.0) minutes, (7±3) minutes, (35.0±7.3) minutes, (13.0±3.0) minutes, respectively. The operation success rate and one week survival rate were 98% and 91.6%, respectively. Acute rejection occurred rapidly 2 weeks after liver transplantation due to tacrolimus discontinuation. Recipient’s dead time distributed from 14 to 28 days after the operation and mean survival time were (20.85±0.71)days, and the median survival time was 21 days respectively. Based on improvements in Kamada two-cuff technique and short-term tacrolimus application on perioperative period, DA to Lewis rat acute rejection orthotopic liver transplantation models were stably established. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of gene expression system of transforming growth factor in intermediate split thickness skin wound by real-time RT-PCR in Banna mini-pig inbred line Li Ying, Huo Jin-long, Pan Wei-rong, Zeng Yang-zhi, Wang Ji-hua 2011, 15 (7):  1186-1190.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.010 Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (1620KB) ( 346 )   Save BACKGROUND: Banna mini inbred pigs were used to construct animal models of skin wound healing, which is similar with patients. This method can detect the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), a gene closely associated with wound healing and scar.  OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of TGF-β1 during wound healing. METHODS: Banna mini inbred pigs, aged 4-6 months, were used to construct animal models of skin wound healing. The total RNA from skin wounds was extracted, designated with specific primers, and then amplified through RT-PCR to isolate TGF-β1. The purified PCR product was linked with a pMD18-T vector and transferred into the bacterium DH5α for replication. The recombinant plasmid picked out from positive clones was amplified by PCR, digested with EcoR Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ, and then sequenced. This process was used to calculate the standard concentration of recombinant plasmids from real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of this method for creating TGF-β1 by expressing mRNA genes through PCR was good. Specifically, the fewest number of copies was 103, with a range of 103-109 copies. A clear linear relationship was found between the threshold cycle number and the PCR system (R2=0.988), and amplification efficiency was determined to be 107.433%. This detection system was used in 45 test samples and worked well. This method can serve as a biological foundation for the study the role of TGF-β1 in wound healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha during scar mutation in rabbit ears Zhang Gang, Tan Jun, Li Gao-feng 2011, 15 (7):  1191-1194.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.011 Abstract ( 232 )   PDF (1238KB) ( 378 )   Save BACKGROUND: Scar studies have cover histological, cellular and molecular levels nearly 20 years, but the mechanism of scar formation is not clarified. How to explore an ideal method for preventing and treating scar is an urgent and difficult task in both medical field and clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To investigate molecular mechanism of scar formation by observing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) during scar mutation in rabbit ears. METHODS: A rabbit ears scar animal model was prepared, normal skin and scars at 14, 30, 60 and 90 days were collected. Histomorphological changes of scars were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α was detected by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with other time points, the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α was greater at 14 days after operation, and gradually decreased with time prolonged and scar mature, which close to normal levels at 90 days after operation. The findings demonstrated that HIF-1α and VEGF play a regulation role in oxygen partial pressure changes of scar tissues. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transforming growth factor beta 1 on proliferation and migration of adventitia fibroblasts in vitro Ma Shao-jun, Cai Wen-wei, Sheng Jing 2011, 15 (7):  1195-1198.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.012 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (579KB) ( 386 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that adventitia fibroblasts exhibit important role in the hyperplasia of newly born endomembrane after blood vessel injury. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) can stimulate many signways after blood vessel injury. However, the effect of TGF-β1 on proliferation and migration of adventitia fibroblasts in vitro remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of TGF-β1 on proliferation and migration of adventitia fibroblasts in vitro. METHODS: Fibroblasts from rat thoracic aorta were in vitro cultured and stimulated by TGF-β1 with different concentrations (0, 3, 5, 10 and 15 μg/L) for different hours (0, 2, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours). MTT assay were applied to assess cellular proliferation. Migration assay was performed by transwell chambers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 could potentiate the proliferation of adventitia fibroblasts, and the effects were increased with the increasing of TGF-β1 concentrations and TGF-β1 inducing times (P < 0.05), especially stronger in the group treated by 10 μg/L TGF-β1 for 48 hours (P < 0.01). The migration of adventitia fibroblasts were increased with the increasing of TGF-β1 concentrations in a dose-dependent fashion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrovirus-mediated siRNA targeting transient receptor potential melastatin 7 gene suppresses activation of RBL-2H3 cells   Lü Zhi-qiang, Wu Yi-mei, Jiang Shan-ping, Zhang Wei, Huang Lin-jie 2011, 15 (7):  1199-1204.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.013 Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (1024KB) ( 429 )   Save BACKGROUND: Calcium ion plays an important role in the degranulation process for activated mast cells. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is an important candidate channel for mast cells. OBJECTIVE: To construct a recombinant retrovirus vector siRNA targeting rat TRPM7 gene and explore its influence on antigen-induced activation of RBL-2H3 cells. METHODS: Three TRPM7-siRNA sequences and a negative sequence were designed and cloned into linearized pSuper-retro-neo-GFP vector. The above recombinants were transfected by lipofectamine 2000 into RBL-2H3 cells. The gene silencing efficacy of the 3 targets was evaluated by Western blot. The optimized pSuper-retro-neo-GFP-siTRMP7 and packaging plasmid were co-transfected into 293FT cells to produce retrovirus, which was applied to infect RBL-2H3 cells. The RNAi efficiency was confirmed by real-time PCR and Western blot. Measurement of β-hexosaminidase was performed before and after TRPM7-siRNA transfection to explore the changes on activation of RBL-2H3 cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gene silencing efficacy of siTRPM7-3 transfected group was highest among all Lipofectamine 2000 transfected groups (P < 0.05). Compared to the normal control group, TRPM7 expression of pSuper-retro-neo-GFP-siTRMP7-3 transfected group was significantly reduced both at mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05). The results revealed that, down regulation of TRPM7 channel can suppress the antigen-induced activation of RBL-2H3 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of pIRES2-EGFP-PDLIM2 eukaryotic expression vector and its expression in EJ cells Xiao Jun, Chen Jun-xing, Chen Ling-wu, Wu Rong-pei, Huang Bin, Lin Huan-yi, Deng Nan, Luo Xiang-ning 2011, 15 (7):  1205-1209.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.014 Abstract ( 494 )   PDF (704KB) ( 435 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a key actor in tumorigenesis, PDLIM2 gene can mediate the termination of NF-κB activation and relieve the apoptosis suppression of NF-κB on tumor cell. OBJECTIVE: To clone PDLIM2 gene and construct a eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2-EGFP-PDLIM2. METHODS: PDLIM2 gene, cloned from total of fresh bladder tissue by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and pIRES2-EGFP plasmid were digested by Bam HI and Xho Ⅰ double endonucleases and linked with each other. The integrity and accuracy of PDLIM2 in pIRES2-EGFP-PDLIM2 recombinant plasmid was indentified by enzyme digestion and sequencing. The expression intensity of GFP report gene transfected by EJ cells were observed under a fluorescence microscope and the PDLIM2 expression level was determined by RT-PCR.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PDLIM2 gene sequence contained in pIRES2-EGFP-PDLIM2 recombinant plasmid was verified correctly by enzyme digestion as well as sequence analysis. After being transfected into EJ cells, highly efficient expression of PDLIM2 gene contained in pIRES2-EGFP-PDLIM2 recombinant plasmid were detected at mRNA level. PDLIM2 gene can be cloned from bladder tissue by means of RT-PCR. pIRES2-EGFP-PDLIM2 recombinant plasmid has been constructed successfully with high efficient expression in transfected EJ cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of natural and recombinant hirudin on vascular endothelial cell growth factor in random skin flap congestion models Guo Ying-xin, Yin Guo-qian, Li Jia-quan, Xiao Han 2011, 15 (7):  1210-1214.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.015 Abstract ( 372 )   PDF (1493KB) ( 469 )   Save BACKGROUND: Flap venous congestion, even necrosis, occurs after random skin flap transplantation. Clinical and animal experiments have proved that hirudin can improve the survival rate of congestion flap. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of hirudin on random skin flap congestion. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were established animal model of venous congestion. Dorsal random skin flap was prepared on each animal with 10 cm × 3 cm in size. The models were randomly divided into the natural hirudin, recombinant hirudin and control groups, which received subcutaneous injection of 5 U natural hirudin, recombinant hirudin or physiological saline, respectively. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) levels and VEGF mRNA expression were measured after surgery. The flap survival rate was calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the flap survival rate of the natural hirudin or recombinant hirudin group was higher (P < 0.05). The VEGF expression of the natural hirudin or recombinant hirudin group was greater than that of the control group (P < 0.05), especially greatest in the natural hirudin group. The results demonstrated that, both natural and recombinant hirudin can promote VEGF expression in random flaps, accelerate angiogenesis and increase survival rate of random flaps. The natural hirudin shows superior effects to recombinant hirudin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of spinal cord transection injury models in rats Meng Bu-liang, Ba Ying-chun, Song Shi-na, Chen Shan-shan, Li Li-yan, Wang Ting-hua 2011, 15 (7):  1215-1218.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.016 Abstract ( 248 )   PDF (1364KB) ( 574 )   Save BACKGROUND: The spinal cord injury (SCI) models reported in literature were short of determinacy and reliability. OBJECTIVE: To establish an accurate and reliable rat spinal cord transection injury models. METHODS: Rats were divided into model and sham-surgery groups at random. Model group prepared for T10 transection injury models; vertebral canal and spinal dura mater were exposed and sutured in the sham-surgery group. The motor function of hind limbs was evaluated by Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scores; the integrality of the nervous pathways was detected by somato-sensory evoked potential (SEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP), in addition, the pathologic and gross pathology of spinal cord were performed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after modeling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham-surgery group, the BBB scores of the model group were decreased at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after modeling (P < 0.01). The SEP and MEP were not evoked out in the model group. The spinal cords were fully transected in the model group, which was intact in the sham-surgery group. that of. The result suggested that a spinal cord transection injury model is established successfully. Related Articles | Metrics

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Secondary repair effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on class Ⅱ furcation involvement in Beagle dogs He Ping, Gao Xiang, Song Jin-lin, Deng Feng, Zhao Chun-liang, Wang Zhi-biao, Li Na 2011, 15 (7):  1219-1223.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.017 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (1518KB) ( 472 )   Save BACKGROUND: There were many reports on low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to promote fracture healing and increase bone density, there were not literature involved in tissue repair effects of LIPUS on class Ⅱ furcation involvement. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the tissue repair effects of LIPUS treatment on class Ⅱ furcation involvement. METHOD: Beagle dogs’ class Ⅱ furcation involvement models were established at buccal region of the dogs’ fourth premolar of bilateral mandibular and randomly divided into ultrasonic treatment group (UT group) and control group (C group) and set notch at the gingival side of buccal root surface as the reference point. Then, Beagle dogs were fed with high glucose for 8 weeks. Scaling and planning of the root surface was applied on UT group and 1 week later take LIPUS (90 mW/cm2, 1.5 MHz, 200 μs,   1 kHz) to irradiate UT group by 20 minutes per day, while scaling and planning of the root surface and sham irradiation were applied on C group. After 6 weeks, decalcified tissue sections of hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were used to measure and analysis the furcation tissues. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the UT group, new alveolar bone of furcation area grew along the root surface and gingival epithelium appeared; in the C group, it mainly changed by connective tissue growth at furcation area as well as a large number of gingival epithelium and a small amount of new alveolar bone. The color of new alveolar bone collagen in the UT group was between red and blue, the color of new alveolar bone collagen in the C group showed blue, which meant the new alveolar bone collagen in the UT group was more mature than it in the C group. The new volumes of alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament in the UT group were more than those in the C group (P < 0.05). So 90 mW/cm2 LIPUS can promote new bone collagen maturation and remodeling at furcation area. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effect of zeaxanthin on lipid peroxidation injure of blood vessel induced by high lipid in quail model Li Hong-yan, Li Li-ya, Nong Lin-ling, Hu Chun-ping, Li Lei, Lai Zhen-hong, Zhou Zhi-shun, Li Xun 2011, 15 (7):  1227-1231.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.019 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (1481KB) ( 387 )   Save BACKGROUND: Most synthetic long-term use of antioxidant drugs have certain side effects, zeaxanthin as a natural medicine has its unique physiological effects. OBJECTIVE: To observe the dose-effect relationship of zeaxanthin on lipid peroxidation injure of blood vessel induced by high lipid in quail hyperlipidmia model. METHODS: Quail hyperipidmia models were established. A total of 40 quails were randomly divided into four groups: control group, model group, zeaxanthin low-dose group and zeaxanthin high-dose group. Seven weeks after gavage using zeaxanthin with 30, 60mg/kg, fasting plasma was harvested to determine serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA) level, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The TC and TG levels of liver tissue in each group were detected; aortic vascular pathological changes were observed with hematoxylin - eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with model group,high-dose group of zeaxanthin of the concentration of serum TG, TC, and LDL-C were significantly decreased, while the concentration of serum HDL-C were significantly increased. The synthesis of liver total TG and TC was also strongly inhibited. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and supervxide dismutase were significantly increased, however, the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase was decreased and MDA level was reduced. Zeaxanthin has a good lipid-lowing effect, and plays a notable inhibitory role in lipid peroxidation injure of blood vessel induced by high lipid. In addition, high-dose of zeaxanthin has better effects than low-dose. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of aerobic exercise on the expression of tuberous sclerosis complex-2 and insulin receptor substrate 1 serine phosphorylation of skeletal muscle in mice Yang Feng-ying, Niu Yan-mei, Liu Yan-hui, Chen Ni, Wang Jia-zhong, Fu Li 2011, 15 (7):  1232-1236.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.020 Abstract ( 376 )   PDF (1499KB) ( 406 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies demonstrated that, expressions of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) serine phosphorylation and tuberous sclerosis complex-2 (TSC2) and abnormity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/S6K1 signaling pathway play an important role in the agitation of insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of aerobic exercise on TSC2 and IRS1 serine phosphorylation activity of skeletal muscle in mice. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group and exercise group. Mice in the exercise group were acclimatized to the motorized treadmill by running at the intensity of 75%VO2max, for 6 weeks. No intervention was performed in the control group. The expression and location of TSC2, IRS1, IRS1-Ser307 and IRS1-Ser636/639 in mouse skeletal muscle were measured by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of TSC2 mRNA and protein of the exercise group were significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between two groups in the expression of IRS1 mRNA and protein. And the expression of pIRS1-Ser307 and pIRS1-Ser636/639 protein was significantly decreased in the exercise group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The aerobic exercise probably agitate insulin pathway by enhancing the expression of TSC2 which attenuating the activity of IRS1-Ser307 and IRS1-Ser636/639 phosphorylation.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acid inhibits hypertrophic scar in rabbit ears Peng Zhi, Tang Hong-wei, Huang Hai-hua, Guo Xiao-rui, Wei You-wan, Wu Zhi-yuan, Zhang Pei-hua 2011, 15 (7):  1237-1240.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.021 Abstract ( 228 )   PDF (1407KB) ( 307 )   Save BACKGROUND: Phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acid (Phospholipid-PUFA) can inhibit the cell inflammatory response and immune function. The formation of hypertrophic scars has contact with inflammation, cellular immunity and cytokines closely. However, there are few studies addressing Phospholipid-PUFA on hypertrophic scars. OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhibiting effect of phospholipid-PUFA on rabbit ear hypertrophic scar. METHODS: Nine New Zealand rabbits were chosen to establish animal models of hypertrophic scars. Six round full-thickness wounds in sizes of 1 cm×1 cm were made in the ventral surface of each ear. Totally 108 wound were prepared, and formed 92 hypertrophic scars, with scar formation rate of 85%. Every 3 wounds in each front ear were treated by phospholipid-PUFA cream, those at the behind of right ear was treated by mult-acid mucopolysaccharide cream, once per day, the rest served as control. The wound healing was observed at 28, 42, 63 and 90 days after operation. The thickness of scars, collagen fiber and density of fibroblasts were observed under a microscope. The expression of collagen fiber was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the volume of hypertrophic scar was minificated, thinner, the density of fibroblasts was diminished, and the expression of collagen fiber was decreased in the experimental groups, especially obviously in the phospholipid-PUFA group, suggesting phospholipid-PUFA can inhibit hypertrophic scar formation and reduce scar hyperplasia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Esculin and Digitalisglycosides Eye Drops on the proliferation and differentiation fibroblasts from pterygium Zhang Li-gui, Liu Hai-xia, Qu Yan-gang 2011, 15 (7):  1241-1244.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.022 Abstract ( 572 )   PDF (1356KB) ( 348 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have confirmed Esculin and Digitalis glycosides Eye Drops can improve tissue blood supply, while it remains unclear whether they accelerate the growth of pterygium in curing macular denaturation. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Esculin and Digitalis Glycosides Eye Drops on the proliferation of the fibroblasts of pterygium.  METHODS: A total of 26 patients with pterygium in double eyes and macular denaturation in one eye were selected, and treated with Esculin and Digitalisglycosides Eye Drops. They were followed up for 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Images of pterygium were collected to observe the areas changing of prerygium. The pterygium in 8 patients was operated, and the fibroblasts from the removed tissues were cultured. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, 3, 9 were determined by ELISA method and MMP-3 mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method. In addition, the tissues from age-matched patients with primary pterygium and normal conjunctiva tissues from patients with cataract were used as control. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Following treatment with Esculin and Digitalisglycosides Eye Drops, the areas of the pterygium erosion cornea grew obviously rapidly (P  < 0.01). The contents of MMP-1 and MMP-3 of the fibroblasts of Esculin and Digitalisglycosides Eye Drops group were higher than that of control group and normal conjunctiva tissues (P  < 0.01), and the expression of MMP-3 mRNA was 52.7% greater than that of control group (P < 0.01). Results indicated that Esculin and Digitalisglycosides Eye Drops can promote the growth of pterygium, probably by promoting the secreting of MMP-1, 3 and promoting the expression of MMP-3 mRNA in fibroblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Bcl-xL gene in normal skin and the proliferating and degenerating hemangioma tissues You Hao, Gao Jin-song, Chen Fang-zhou, Zhu Sheng-wen, Wu Lei 2011, 15 (7):  1245-1248.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.023 Abstract ( 402 )   PDF (671KB) ( 321 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bcl-xl gene can suppress cell apoptosis and may participate in angiopoiesis. However, more studies concerning Bcl-xL gene in malignant tumor, few are reported in hemangioma.  OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of Bcl-xL gene in normal skin vessels, hyperplasia and degeneration hemangioma tissues using immune-histochemical technique. METHODS: Specimens were obtained from 40 cases of dermal hemangioma by exairesis, comprising 22 cases with proliferating hemangiomas and 18 with degenerating hemangiomas. In addition, normal skin tissues around hemangiomas from 5 cases were also chosen for controls. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed to detect the expression of Bcl-xL in those three groups. Endothelial cells were identified by expressing factor Ⅷ-related antigen. The average absorbance and the rate of positive area of expression of Bcl-xL were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were plenty of brown particles in the cytoplasm of proliferating endothelial cells, which strongly positive expressed Bcl-xL. There were few and mo brown particles in endothelial cells cytoplasm of the degenerating hemangiomas or normal skins. The expression of Bcl-xL were weakly and no expression. Compared with the normal skins, the average absorbance and rate of Bcl-xL positive expression were higher in the proliferative and degenerating hemangiomas (P < 0.01). Bcl-xL is an anti-apoptosis gene and was highly expressed in the proliferative phase, which promoted proliferation of blood vessel endothelial cells and participated in hyperplasia of hemangiomas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identifying serum acute phase reactive protein expression in Guillain-Barré syndrome patients using proteomics technology Yang Guo-feng, Peng Li-wei, Ji Jian-guo, Zhang Rui-li, Zhao Jing-ru, Wei Xiao-shan, Li Pei, Feng Xiao 2011, 15 (7):  1249-1252.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.024 Abstract ( 239 )   PDF (537KB) ( 313 )   Save BACKGROUND: Antibody, complement and cytokine related to the pathogensis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) existed in blood of GBS patients. Identification of these marker proteins can provide evidence for searching new drug targets. OBJECTIVE: To compare differential proteins expression between GBS patients and normal controls by proteomics technology.  METHODS: The proteins extracted from GBS patients and normal people were run immobilized pH gradient (IPG) isoelectric focusing electrophoresis as the first dimension, and then run vertical SDS-PAGE as the second dimension. The maps were visualized by silver staining or colloidal coomassive blue and analyzed with ImageMaster 2D Elite software. The proteins of interest were in-gel digested and identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All 24 protein spots were differentially expressed as compared with age-matched control serum, and 9 proteins out of which were members of the acute phase protein, which were identified as α-2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmi, serum amyloid P-component, Clusterin, α-1-antichymotrypsin, Haptoglobin, Hemopexin, α-1-antitrypsin, Serotransferrin. We got a number of related-proteins of GBS. Some of the proteins are members of the acute phase protein, which are quite useful for discovering the molecular mechanisms of GBS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cell source and support scaffolding of tissue-engineered lung Wang Lei, Chen Yin, Zhong Hong 2011, 15 (7):  1255-1258.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.026 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (571KB) ( 382 )   Save BACKGROUND: Although there was slow progress in the engineering of the lung, new functional replacement lung tissue can be generated through tissue engineering in the use of stem or progenitor cells and related support scaffolding under certain condition. The research about the cell source and support scaffolding of a tissue-engineered lung has gained homologous progress. OBJECTIVE: To review recent advance on the development of cell source and support scaffolding in the tissue-engineered lung research. METHODS: A computer-based online search of China Journal Full-text Database and PubMed was performed for articles and reviews in Chinese and English from January 1990 to January 2009. The key words were “tissue-engineered lung, cell source, support scaffolding”. A total of 89 articles were retrieved, and screened following reading titles and abstracts. Literatures about cell source and support scaffolding in the tissue-engineered lung research were included. Repetitive articles with poor quality were excluded. Finally, 33 literatures were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUTION: Because lung tissues have a complex three-dimensional structure and little capacity of regeneration, it is difficult to cure for lung diseases. At present, it is known that the new functional replacement lung tissue can be generated through tissue engineering. This is a promised therapeutic tool, but it still is the basal research stage. With the development of the cell source and support scaffolding of a tissue-engineered lung, there will be more and more new discovery. Tissue-engineered lung research will have a broad prospect in the clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and progress of tissue-engineered annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis Yan Zhong-sheng, Xu Bao-shan, Yang Qiang, Xia Qun, He Jian 2011, 15 (7):  1259-1263.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.027 Abstract ( 224 )   PDF (785KB) ( 364 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering is a new strategy that can permanently repair degenerated intervertebral disc. However, nucleus pulposus tissue engineering method cannot completely reconstruct the structure and function of intervertebral discs. Therefore, the corresponding anulus fibrosus tissue engineering is regarded as one of the major limiting factors for the treatment strategies of tissue-engineered intervertebral disc. OBJECTIVE: To sum up the research and progress of tissue-engineered annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis, and to provide theoretical foundation of tissue-engineered intervertebral disc. METHODS: Pubmed database, CNKI database, and VIP database from 2000 to 2010 was retrieved by the first author with the key words of “tissue engineering, intervertebral disc, annulus fibrosus, seed cell, scaffold, growth factor” in Chinese and in English, respectively. Literatures were limited to Chinese and English languages. Seed cell source, the selection of scaffold materials, and growth factor of annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis tissue engineering were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 106 literatures were obtained from computer screen, 34 of them were involved for summarization according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. At present the studies were concentrated on the construction of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues. And the construction of functional annulus fibrosus is still at the initial stage. The selection of the seed cells, scaffold materials and growth factors are still to be further studied.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Cellular mechanism of biological activity of propolis  Li Yuan, Ding Zhong-juan 2011, 15 (7):  1264-1268.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.028 Abstract ( 217 )   PDF (701KB) ( 412 )   Save BACKGROUND: Propolis, a natural product collected by honey bees, possesses variety biological effects, such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, treating diabetes mellitus, as well as hepatoprotective effect. The cellular mechanism of biological activity of propolis are research focuses. OBJECTIVE: To analyze pharmacological mechanisms of propolis on cells from a cellular level. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in China Academic Journals Database and PubMed with the key words of “propolis, antitumor, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, immunoregulation, diabetes mellitus, hepatocyte”, both in English and Chinese from 1977 to 2010 to retrieve articles on pharmacological mechanisms of propolis on cells. Literatures of irrelevant purpose and repetitive content were excluded.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 47 literatrue were included. The pharmacological mechanisms of propolis on cells were summarized. As a natural drug, Propolis can protect and repair cells, regulate cell viability and influence cytokine secretion from pathways of antioxidant, eliminate free radical, or regulate inflammatory factor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transgenic animal models of osteoarthritis Cao Bin, Li Yan-lin, Li Xiao-lin, Ma Ke, Xu Peng, Yang Guang, Wang Guo-liang 2011, 15 (7):  1269-1272.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.029 Abstract ( 332 )   PDF (672KB) ( 324 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, transgenic animal osteoarthritis models are presented with development of transgenic technology, which indicated that, different gene deletions and mutations may lead to osteoarthritis. This provides new plan of medicine screening and treats for osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To summary the construction and relevant mechanisms with osteoarthritis of transgenic animal models, and to provide theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed database for English articles published from 1995 to 2010. The key words were “transgenic animal models, osteoarthritis”. Simultaneously, CNKI database was retrieved for relevant Chinese articles published from 2000 to 2010. A total of 158 articles were obtained, and finally 25 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Osteoarthritis of transgenic animal models has obvious advantages in the study of the initial mechanism, biochemical changes in articular cartilage, prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis, which eliminate the influence by the surgical trauma and inflammation to the cartilage and the biochemical metabolism of synovial of osteoarthritis model, also relieve the pain of animals. This provides new plans for medicine screening and treats for osteoarthritis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relation between aging skeletal muscles and force-velocity Du Shao-hui, Li Wen-hui, Yan Wan-jun 2011, 15 (7):  1273-1276.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.030 Abstract ( 412 )   PDF (516KB) ( 377 )   Save BACKGROUND: Aging in human beings is correlated with a decline in neuromuscular function and performance. It directly results in alterations of force-velocity relationship in muscles. The alterations above have direct functional implications which causes the loss of activities of daily living and self-care ability. OBJECTIVE: To review the changes of the force-velocity relationship with age and the functional implications caused by these changes. METHODS: Databases of CNKI, Duxiu, Elsevier SD, and Springer Link were searched. Documents related to changes laws of force-velocity relationship with age and the functional implications caused by these changes were included. Repetitive research or Meta analysis was excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 46 literatures were included in this review. The findings demonstrated that: Strength of muscles, especially power and contraction velocity, are declined with aging. It is directly associated with loss of daily living and self-care abilities. The decline of power is highly related to functional ability. Thus, amelioration of muscle power can effective improve the functional ability and elevate life quality of aging people. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of rapamycin target protein signal transduction in regulating muscle volume Huang Jiang-lin, Xu Fe2 2011, 15 (7):  1277-1280.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.031 Abstract ( 462 )   PDF (501KB) ( 325 )   Save BACKGROUND: Resistance exercise has been widely used in rehabilitation training, but its signal transduction pathway in regulating growth and development and atrophy muscle regeneration remains poorly understood. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been proved has certain effect. OBJECTIVE: To retrospective analyze the role of mTOR, mTOR protein pathway and mTOR signal transduction in regulating muscle volume during resistance exercise. METHODS: PubMed database (1985-2008) was searched by the first author for literatures regarding origin of mTOR protein, upstream and downstream proteins in signal pathway. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Akt/mTOR signal pathway can adjust the growth of muscles by increasing protein synthesis, but it should be pointed out that, regrowth of atrophied muscles may depend on other pathways although mTOR pathway plays an important role in the growth of muscles. In further researches the following should be discussed such as the function of mTOR to induce the phenotypic growth of the regular and atrophied muscles, the relationship between regulation of mTOR under the load and signals such as cell growth and nutrition, growth factor and cellular energy, and signal transduction pathway of external signals turned into ones about the change of muscle mass. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gene therapy in the repair and regeneration of peripheral nerve injury  Li Jing-huan, Tian Jing 2011, 15 (7):  1281-1284.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.032 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (693KB) ( 361 )   Save BACKGROUND: Functional recovery of peripheral nerve after repair is not ideal. Gene therapy provides a new method for repair peripheral nerve injury. OBJECTIVE: The paper reviewed from three areas, including functional gene, transfer vector selection, and biological effects of gene translation factors, aimed to provide reference for gene therapy for peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed and CNKI between 2006 and 2010 was performed to search related articles with the key words of “peripheral nerve injury, gene therapy, virus vector” both in English and Chinese. Literatures related to gene therapy for peripheral nerve injury were selected, in the same field, the articles published lately or published by authoritative journals were preferred. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 35 articles were searched by computer and 21 documents were included after screening. Currently, technology of gene therapy for peripheral nerve injury has matured, such as transgenic adenovirus bone morphogenetic protein 7 and Ad-32Ep65-Flag gene, the clinical repair of peripheral nerve is expected to become an important means. Related Articles | Metrics

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Diversity between genetic adaptation to hypoxia and non-adaptation in plateau residents Liu Zhong, Li Wen-hua 2011, 15 (7):  1285-1289.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.033 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (621KB) ( 459 )   Save BACKGROUND: The studies concerning heredity and environment to plateau adaptation are few. What degree does plateau adaptation regulated by genetic gene remains unclear thought there must be different gene changes in plateau residents from non-adaptation population.   OBJECTIVE: To found the DNA polymorphism sites of plateau residents different from non-adaptation population by analyzing hemoglobin, enzyme, receptor, polypeptide and transcription factor in recent 5 years.  METHODS: PubMed and Wanfang Databases were searched using key words of “hypoxia adaptation to high altitude, genetics, DNA polymorphisms”. A total of 40 documents were analyzed after depleting irrespective and repetitive papers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Genetics studies concerning hypoxia adaptation focused on physiology and pathophysiological processes during hypoxia adaptation, including bioactive substance related to altitude disease, energy metabolism under hypoxia conditions, and a series of protein genes, such as HB related gene, endothelium nitric oxide synthase gene, hypoxia inducible factor-1α, glutathione S-transferase gene, rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone gene, glutathione S-transferase gene, pulmonary surfactant-associated protein genes, were play an important role in plateau residents to plateau adaptation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Yinxingdamo injection versus Dansen injection for treatment of acute cerebral infarction: A Meta analysis  Li Yin, Lü Jian-wei, Chen Lin 2011, 15 (7):  1290-1294.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.034 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (755KB) ( 441 )   Save BACKGROUND: Dansen injection and Yinxingdamo injection are common used in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. Many articles have confirmed that the outcomes of Yinxingdamo injection are superior to Dansen injection. However, the deficient number of cases impacts the credibility of the articles.  OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical efficacy of Yinxingdamo injection and Dansen injection in treatment of acute cerebral infarction and to make an objective evaluation. METHODS: A thorough literature search of random controlled test about Yinxingdamo injection and Dansen injection in treatment of acute cerebral infarction was performed in Chinese hospital library and Wanfang Database published from January 1998 to February 2010. Inclusive criteria: according to the revised acute cerebral infarction diagnosis standard of the fourth national cerebrovascular disease academic conference held in 1995, patients have been diagnosed to be acute cerebral infarction by head CT or the MRI. Exclusive criteria: Documents lack of foundation treatment, the methods of diagnosis and treatment involved other factors which had influence to the clinical efficacy, or drug combination had significant influence to the result. The Meta-analyze was performed by ReviewManager 5.0. Clinical assessment index including total effective rate, changes of hemorheology and neurologic impairment scores. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fifteen literatures including 1 614 cases were subsumed. Compared with Dansen injection, the total clinical effective rate of Yinxingdamo injection was more higher (OR=3.70, 95%CI: 2.81-4.88, P < 0.001); the changes of blood plasma viscosity of Yinxingdamo injection were more greater, the blood plasma viscosity was (SMD=-1.01, 95%CI: -1.69 to-0.32, P < 0.001) and the red blood cell accumulation index (SMD=-0.25, 95%CI: -0.3 to -0.14, P < 0.01); the recovery of neurologic impairment of Yinxingdamo injection was stronger (SMD=-0.73, 95%CI: -0.88 to -0.59, P < 0.001). It can be initially proved that Yinxingdamo injection has superior efficacy on acute cerebral infarction to Dansen injection.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of allogeneic deep-frozen tendon of lower limb with one-end bone block in reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament Zhang Yi-long, Li Ning, Li Zhi-huai, Liu Jian-feng, Song You-xin, Li Zhe, Liu Zheng-peng 2011, 15 (7):  1295-1299.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.035 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (766KB) ( 375 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are a lot of debates on selections of grafts and ways of fixation methods about ansterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Each fixation has its advantages and disadvantages. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of allogeneic deep froze tendon of lower limb with one-end bone block in ACL reconstruction.   METHODS: Fifteen knees with ACL tear, of which, 7 knees were caused by athletic injury, 6 knees by traffic accident, and 2 knees by falling. ACL tear was verified by arthroscopy, and all the damaged ACL were reconstructed with allograft tendons by inserting technique under arthroscopy. The value of KT-1000 and the Lysholm scores were recorded before operations and at follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All cases were followed up for 12-24 months. No severe complication, such as vascular nerve injury, rejection or infection, occurred. The KT-1000 measurement showed that the preoperative difference of anterior laxity was 3-5 mm in 4 cases (27%), 6-9 mm in 9 cases (60%), and greater than 10 mm in 2 cases (13%); in the final followed up, difference of anterior laxity was 0-2 mm in 12 cases (80%), and 3-5 mm in 3 cases (20%). Lysholm score was remarkablely improved from (65.60±10.13) preoperatively to (90.93±4.06) at follow-up (P < 0.05). The reconstruction of ACL by inserting technique with allograft tendons can increase reliability of femoral side fixation, and the outcome is satisfactory. Related Articles | Metrics

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Combination of basic fibroblast growth factor and insulin for treatment of pressure sore wounds: A randomized controlled study Huang Su-bi, Yi Qiang-ying, Zhang Jie-min, Du Li, Zhao Hui, Lin Ying 2011, 15 (7):  1300-1304.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.036 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (678KB) ( 701 )   Save BACKGROUND: Long-term bed results in pressure sore. How to promote the wound healing and shorten the healing time are the essential parts of pressure sore treatment. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of insulin on the treatment of pressure score wounds using bovine basic fibroblast growth factors. METHODS: The 34 patients (45 pressure sores) of Sichuan Nanchong Central Hospital were divided into the experimental group and control group. In the control group, all the pressure sore wounds were external applied with wet pledget containing basic fibroblast growth factor (1-3 mL) and physiological saline (3-5 mL) after treated with TDP physiotherapy, while the experimental group was treated with the same process except the addition of insulin. The significant condition and wound healing time were recorded in two groups after 2 weeks, and the results were contrastive analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Efficiency of experimental group was greater than the control group obviously (P < 0.05). But there was no significant difference between two groups in blood glucose concentration before treatment (P > 0.05). The addition of insulin can promote the healing of pressure sores, without the change of blood glucose levels of patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application and histological changes of the directional and non-directional skin expansion Yin Guo-qian, Teng Xiao-pin, Wang Gang, Su Cheng-wu, Li Jia-quan, Cai Jie, Xiao Han 2011, 15 (7):  1305-1308.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.037 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (674KB) ( 395 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, clinical studies have shown that skin expansion had been widely used. However, the flap retraction trends and pressure on basal of directional and non-directional skin expansion had rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To compare the trend retraction in the flap between directional and non-directional skin expansion, and to investigate the safety and effectiveness of skin expansion applying in clinic. METHODS: Totally 126 patients with faciocervical disease treated by skin expansion were reviewed retrospectively. The differences in clinical effects and complication of directional and non-directional skin expansion were compared, and histological changes of skins using two expansions were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Both epidermal cells and the fibrous capsules located on the surface of expansion proliferated in two groups. Part of fibroblasts changed into myofibroblasts in derma. Compared with non-directional skin expansion, directional skin expansion could decrease the expanding duration and frequency, as well as reduce complication. The results showed that histomorphological changes of soft tissues in two groups were similar. There was no histological manifestation that directional expansion had much more serious damage to the skin tissues than non-directional skin expansion and faster expansion led to much more serious retraction. Compared with the non-directional skin expansion, the clinical application of directional skin expansion is characterized by more efficient in expanding skin, less compressive on the basal layer of epidermis, and shorten treatment duration. The therapeutic efficacy shows that directional skin expansion is really a safe and effective method in treating faciocervical disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Calcaneus bone density of senior intellectual females in Shanghai: Analyzing results from 197 cases Feng Min, Zhou Yun-he, He Chuan-hua, Huang Yong, Zhou Ping 2011, 15 (7):  1309-1312.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.038 Abstract ( 415 )   PDF (722KB) ( 340 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that the peak bone mass in women is lower than that in men, and value varies wildly in different regions, thus, it is necessary to measure peak bone mass values in each region.    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change laws of calcaneus bone density with age, body mass index (BMI) values and other variations of senior intellectual females in Shanghai. METHODS: Totally 197 females were included and divided into 7 groups with 5-year intervals. The age, height, body weight, and calcaneus bone density of subjects were recorded. The correlation between peak bone mass and age, body weight or grasp force were analyzed by stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results showed that the peak of calcaneus bone density of senior intellectual females in Shanghai appeared at 38-39 years. The decline rate of bone density values biggest dropped in 31-35 years and 41-45 years. Stepwise regression analysis showed the peak bone mass was positive to age, body weight or grasp force, especially age, which obviously affects peak bone mass. Low or early peak bone mass would result in high risk of osteoporosis. It is revealed that compared to normal women, the senior intellectual females are at greater risk of osteoporosis in Shanghai. Related Articles | Metrics

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Arthroscopic double-bundle versus single-bundle hamstring tendons for the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament Cheng Shi-gao, Wang Wan-chun 2011, 15 (7):  1313-1316.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.039 Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (529KB) ( 386 )   Save BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is the key factor to determine repairing effect. Arthroscopic double-bundle hamstring tendons and single-bundle reconstruction of the ACL is a common repairing method in clinic. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic double-bundle hamstring tendons and single-bundle for the reconstruction of the ACL. METHODS: A total of 55 cases with acute grade Ⅲ ACL from The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between May 2005 and June 2009 were retrospectively analyzed, including 36 cases treated with single-bundle hamstring tendons reconstruction, 20 cases treated with double-bundle hamstring tendons and reconstruction. All patients received the same procedure performed by the same surgeon. All patients were followed up for 16-42 months, and the range of motion, stability, and other indicators were assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During follow-up, the range of motion of all patients was recovered without extension of knee joint. There was no significant difference in Lysholm-Tegner, IKDC knee comprehensive functional evaluation results, and KT-1000 detection (P > 0. 05). Patients underwent arthroscopy when removing the interference screw at one year after operation, and who had no significant reconstruction of ligament laxity. The clinical outcomes of ACL reconstruction with single-bundle and double-bundle hamstring tendons are similar. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of strength training and functional training on recovery of upper limb motor in a patient with negative symptom: A case study  Yang Ning, Chen Pei-you 2011, 15 (7):  1317-1320.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.040 Abstract ( 388 )   PDF (630KB) ( 373 )   Save BACKGROUND: Many treatments are involved in upper limb motor recovery after stroke, however, few reports concerning independent function-mediated training. OBJECTIVE: To explorer the effect of muscle strength training and functional training for patient with negative symptom on upper limb motor recovery after stroke. METHODS: One patient with hemiplegia was asked to finish the movement of Brunnstrom Ⅴ and tested sEMG and video. According to the principle and method of evidence-based medicine, paralytic muscles were found and as an evidence for treatment strategy and movement prescription. The reasons of function recovery were explore through Motion parameter analysis combined sEMG index. According to the motor control theory, the development of affected muscle was observed prior to and after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After the rehabilitative training for 150 times, the subject had finished the motion function of upper limb (eat banana) about 14 times. The effect of muscle strength training and functional training are very effective for the patient with negative symptom. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of a high-fat diet on bone development in young mice Wang Luan, Yan Sheng-li, Wang Fang, Mi Qing-sheng 2011, 15 (7):  1321-1326.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.041 Abstract ( 448 )   PDF (459KB) ( 351 )   Save BACKGROUND: High fat diet (HFD) can induce overweight and obesity, which have been considered to positively affect bone mineral density (BMD) in adults. However, it is unclear how HFD affects the bone development during childhood. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of HFD on bone development in young female mice. METHODS: Twelve female CD1 mice were fed with either HFD or normal fat diet (NFD) starting at 4-week of age for 10 weeks. The bone mineral content (BMC), BMD, fat and lean mass were examined in 14-week old mice using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone biomechanical properties were also evaluated using three-point bending test. Serum concentration of bone metabolic markers was measured using enzyme immunoassay. Femora were sectioned in the transverse plane and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for observing the adiposity of bone marrow and changes in trabecular bone area. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The body weight and fat mass in HFD-treated mice were increased compared with those in NFD-treated mice, respectively. There were no significant differences between HFD-treated and NFD-treated mice in whole body BMD, BMC, bone area and lean mass. However, the spine BMC and bone area in HFD mice were significantly lower than that in NFD mice, while femoral BMD, BMC and bone area in HFD mice were significantly greater than that in NFD mice. But, there was no statistically different in bone biomechanical values between the two groups. Bone metabolic markers were lower in HFD mice than NFD mice, indicating the less active of bone metabolism in HFD mice. It is suggested that HFD can produce deleterious effect on bone during the active growing phase of young mice. Vertebral bone is more sensitive to this negative effect than cortical bone due to the decreased vertebral mineralization. Weight-bearing bone does not response sufficiently to compensate for the excessive weight gaining. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expressions of anticoagulant genes KLF2 and KLF4 in blood for prediagnosing deep venous thrombosis in rats Yao Li-qing, Dai Yao-jun, Zhao Xue-ling, Zhang Yu-bing, Ning Ya, Li Hong-kun, Li Wen 2011, 15 (7):  1327-1330.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.042 Abstract ( 277 )   PDF (350KB) ( 1108 )   Save BACKGROUND: There is lack of an effective measuring means to diagnose deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in clinic. KLF2 and KLF4 are down-expressed at prethrombotic state, which may be served as predictive molecular markers to diagnose DVT. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of KLF2 and KLF4 as molecular markers to prediagnose DVT in rats. METHODS: Totally 90 rats were obtained from 100 rats to establish traumatic DVT models and divided into the prethrombotic, thrombosis crest-time and non-thrombosis groups. The remained 10 rats served as control group. Rat blood was collected at each time point, and the expressions of KLF2 and KLF4 were detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The KLF2 and KLF4 mRNA expressions in the prethrombotic group and thrombosis crest-time group were lower than that of the control group. However, the KLF2 and KLF4 mRNA expressions in the non-thrombosis group was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, KLF2 and KLF4 may be candidate molecular markers for prediagnosis of DVT in rats. Related Articles | Metrics