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08 October 2010, Volume 14 Issue 41 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of calcitonin on beta-catenin and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 in articular cartilages Zhang Yin-na, Wang Wen-ya, Zhang Liu, Hu Hong-yu, Li Bin, Wang Zhe-yan 2010, 14 (41):  7601-7604.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.001 Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (484KB) ( 373 )   Save BACKGROUND: Researches have reported the protection function of calcitonin for chondrocytes via preventing bone resorption, but the mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether calcitonin exerts a protective action through the Wnt signal pathway in chondrocytes. METHODS: The chondrocytes were separated from Japanese male rabbits and randomly divided into the control, interleukin 1 β and calcitonin groups. In the later two groups, interleukin 1 β (1×10-5 g/L) was added at 2 days after passage to simulate osteoarthritis, and then DMEM containing calcitonin was used to culture the cells in the calcitonin group at 4 days after passage. The expression of β-catenin protein was detected by immunocytochemistry, and the mRNA of β-catenin and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP-1) were determined by real-time PCR.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of β-catenin and its mRNA in the calcitonin group was obviously lower than that of the interleukin 1 β group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of β-catenin and its mRNA in the interleukin 1 β group appeared to be greater (P < 0.05). The expression of sFRP-1 mRNA was notably higher in the calcitonin group than that of the interleukin 1 β group (P < 0.05), which was lower than the control group (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that calcitonin can inhibit the further damage of articular cartilage, which may play its protective role via Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in callus during fracture healing in ovariectomized rats Liu Zhi-kui, Zhang Liu, Mu Shu-lin 2010, 14 (41):  7605-7608.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.002 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (493KB) ( 254 )   Save BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in fracture healing. Researches have demonstrated that ovariectomy affects bone healing, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of histomorphology and the expression of VEGF in callus during fracture healing and to explore the effects of VEGF on fracture healing in osteoporotic rat fracture. METHODS: Twenty 12-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into sham-operated and ovariectomized groups. Fracture models of rat were established. All rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks after operation. Right femora were removed for radiological observation and for the monitoring of bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The bone callus growth and its histology were examined by haematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression and changes in the level of VEGF were examined by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Histomorphological analysis revealed a higher content of soft fracture callus in the ovariectomized rats than that in the sham-operated group. The immunohistochemistry results showed a decrease of expression of VEGF from the osteoblasts in the callus of the ovariectomized rats than that in the sham-operated group at 4 weeks after fracture. The results revealed that lower quality of callus forms during the early period of osteoporotic fracture healing. The decreased expression of VEGF may be a reason of decreased quality of osteoporotic fracture healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of alendronate on the ultrastructural changes of distal femur cancellous bone in glucocorticoid-treated rats Li Jie, Guo Xin-lin, Ouyang Sheng, Xu Zhi-yuan, Liu Bin 2010, 14 (41):  7609-7612.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.003 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (576KB) ( 421 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone ultrastructural changes play an important role in osteoporosis, which is a determinative factor in bone fragility, thus, bone ultrastructural change can reflect osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of alendronate on the ultrastructural changes of distal femur cancellous bone in glucocorticoid (GC)-treated rats. METHODS: Totally 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats, 3.5 months old, were randomized into 3 groups according to the following treatment schedule: control group: received subcutaneous injection of saline and intragastric administration of same volume of saline; model group: osteoporosis was induced by subcutaneous injection with methylprednisolone 3.5 mg/(kg·d); and intervention group: treated with methylprednisolone in combination with alendronate by gavage. Nine weeks later, the ultrastructure of rat distal femur cancellous bone was observed by a scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared to the other groups, the number of bone trabeculae in the model group was significantly decreased and the bone trabeculae became thin, fragile, discontinuous, micro-damage increased and network structures of bone trabeculae were destroyed. Compared to model group, the number of trabeculae in the intervention group was increased, resorption surface was decreased and the collagenous fibers were arranged orderly. Alendronate can effectively improve the ultrastructure of distal femur callecllous bone in glucocorticoid-treated rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstruction of lunar bone using autologous periosteum-wrapped tendon, spongiosa homogenate and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 Meng Zhao, Hu Cheng-dong, Shao Xin-zhong 2010, 14 (41):  7613-7616.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.004 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (332KB) ( 284 )   Save BACKGROUND: Selection of optimal substitute to fill the gaps following lunar bone enucleation plays a key role in maintaining biomechanical properties and good wrist joint function. OBJECTIVE: To study bone-forming mechanism of transplantation autologous periosteum-wrapped tendon, spongiosa homogenate and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in joint cavity, and to explore the possibility of the compound as a substitute for the lunar bone.   METHODS: Forty-five New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: periosteum group, rhBMP-2 group and control group. The three sorts of implants were placed into articular cavity of the knee respectively. The changes of bone formation and rhBMP-2 distribution of the implants were examined under optical microscope with hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining and measured by CT at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after operation.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The result of rhBMP-2 staining was negative after 3 weeks and positive in new cartilage cells after 9 weeks in periosteum group. The strong positive rhBMP-2 staining was observed in the composite group at 9 weeks, which mainly distributed in new bone cells and cartilage cells. And negative rhBMP-2 staining was observed every stage in control group. The quantitative CT bone mineral density values of 3 implants were analyzed, the difference was significant between the groups (P < 0.01), except that between periosteum group and control group at 3 weeks (P > 0.05). The above results demonstrated that the compound of autologous periosteum-wrapped tendon and spongiosa homogenate can produce bone and cartilage massively under the induction of periosteum and bone forming factors, such as rhBMP-2 in spongiosa homogenate and the compound can be considered as a preferred substitute to reconstruct lunate bone. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and evaluation of human articular cartilage-derived sponge Zhang Jian-dang, Lu Shi-bi, Yuan Mei, Huang Jing-xiang, Sun Ming-xue, Zhao Bin 2010, 14 (41):  7617-7620.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.005 Abstract ( 446 )   PDF (319KB) ( 248 )   Save BACKGROUND: The repair of articular cartilage remains one of the most challenging topics in orthopedic research. Tissue engineering may be a promising way to restore functional hyaline cartilage of joints. Scaffold is one of the main elements in tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To prepare human articular cartilage-derived sponge so as to provide a novel cartilage tissue engineering scaffold. METHODS: Human articular cartilage-derived sponge was prepared using human articular cartilage. Human articular cartilage derived sponge was investigated by scanning electron microscope. Its porosity was detected by mercury intrusion porosimetry, and average pore diameter was determined by using scanning electron microscope image analysis system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human articular cartilage-derived sponge presented with good anti-discreteness, with 100-  200 μm pore diameter and 92% porosity. Human articular cartilage derived-sponge possessed the characteristics that afford it as a potential scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of ghrelin on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts Liao Le-le, Wang Wan-chun 2010, 14 (41):  7621-7625.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.006 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (392KB) ( 353 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ghrelin has been reported to have a role in the regulation of bone metabolism on rats, but whether it has the effects on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ghrelin on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts. METHODS: Human osteoblasts were separated from normal human cancellous bone in anterior superior spine, and cultured in vitro. The expression of GHS-R1a in human osteoblasts was verified by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Human osteoblasts proliferation was assessed by measuring [3H] thymidine (2Ci/ml) incorporation into trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble material. The differentiations of human osteoblasts were evaluated by RIA and ELISA. The expression of Runx2 in human osteoblasts was detected by Western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUTION: The mRNA and protein of GHS-R1a were expressed in human osteoblasts. Ghrelin promoted the proliferation of human osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Ghrelin increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.01) and the secretion of osteocalcin (P < 0.01) in human osteoblasts. But the protein expression levels of Runx2 in human osteoblasts were no significantly changed by the intervention of ghrelin. The findings demonstrated that ghrelin can efficiently promote the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and immobilization on entheses reconstruction in rabbits Zhang Jia-hong, He Ji-ye, Wang Dong-liang 2010, 14 (41):  7626-7630.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.007 Abstract ( 277 )   PDF (438KB) ( 332 )   Save BACKGROUND: Construction of bone-tendon junction is similar to endochondral ossification, and the constructed ligament would play its role only a direct tendon-to-bone enthesis regenerates. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) can induce undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, myoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into bonelines cells.    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the rhBMP-2 and post-operative immobilization on the entheses reconstruction in rabbits. METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits were allocated averagely to 3 groups. Totally 20 µL rhBMP-2 solution was injected into the tendon at the point of the entry of bone tunnel in the rhBMP-2 short period immobilization and rhBMP-2 long period immobilization groups. Post-operatively, the operated limb was immobilized by plaster for 1 week in the rhBMP-2 short period immobilization group, and 8 weeks in rhBMP-2 long period immobilization and model groups. The expression of type Ⅰ, Ⅱ collagen, bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) were examined by immnunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: rhBMP-2 could increase the expressions of type Ⅰ collagen, bone ALP and osteocalcin with time prolonged. The expression of type Ⅱ collagen reached a peak at 4 weeks after operation, and then slightly decreased after 8 weeks. However, rhBMP-2 had no significant effect on type Ⅰ collagen mRNA expression, but increased the mRNA expression of type Ⅱ collagen, bone ALP and osteocalcin (P < 0.05), which could be obtained by reducing immobilization duration (P < 0.05). rhBMP-2 not only could upgrade the expression of type Ⅰ, Ⅱ collagen, bone ALP and osteocalcin, but also able to induce the ectopic endochondral ossification in tendon, thus, it makes possible that the entheses healed in the classic anatomical way. By the way, long period immobilization of operated limb has a negative effect on the entheses reconstruction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different dermis repairing stages on epidermis regeneration in full thickness wound Song Ning, Fu Ling, Xin Chang-tai, Ma Shi-wei, Shi Xiu-kun 2010, 14 (41):  7631-7634.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.008 Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (358KB) ( 375 )   Save BACKGROUND: Presently, studies concerning tissue engineering mainly focus on epidermal stem cells and dermal scaffolds, few report the effects of generation speed and different repairing periods of dermis on neogenesis and reconstruction of epidermis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential influence of dermis during repairing process on the repair and reconstruction of epithelial tissues and to reveal the possible optimum stage for repair of epithelial tissues. METHODS: Ten New Zealand rabbits were made into animal models with 3 wounds on each dorsum at 0, 7 and 14 days and were divided into 0, 7 and 14 days groups. Amnion carrier compound-membrane loaded with auto-epithelial cells was embedded into rabbits at 21, 14 and 7 days after model preparation. Samples were harvested 7 days after operation to observe the wound healing by using macroscopic and histological assessment (hematoxylin-eosin staining, Mallory PTAH staining), and type Ⅰ collagen immunohistochemistry observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The wound in the 0 day group was closely contacted with surrounding tissues without gaps. However, there was concavity in the 7 days group, and the concavity was great and thick in the 14 days group, with a clear boundary to surrounding tissues. It demonstrated that the repairing effect was superior in the 0 day group to other 2 groups (P < 0.05). Compared with other groups, the positive type Ⅰ collagen stratum reticulare dermidis and papillary layer, composed of fibroblast, blood vessel, and collagen fiber, were obviously in the 0 day group (P < 0.05), with high healing rate (P < 0.05). The differences of promoting action on epithelial tissue regeneration exist in different repairing stages of dermis, late stage of hyperplasia and beginning of reconstruction are the optimal periods for accelerating epidermis regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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An improved method for heterogenous acellular dermal matrix fabrication Wen Chun-quan, Zhang Guo-an, Ning Fang-gang 2010, 14 (41):  7635-7638.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.009 Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (287KB) ( 499 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is difficult to prepare complete and large piece of goat acellular dermal matrix using liquid nitrogen method due to breakability of dermal matrix during rewarming period.  OBJECTIVE: To explore a better method for goat acellular dermal matrix fabrication. METHODS: In the course of freezing goat skin, a -80℃ refrigerator was used as a substitute for liquid nitrogen. Cell components of goat skin were removed by freezing and thawing repeatedly, and then cell fragments were washed off using a zwitterionic with ultrasonic machine. The cell fragments and structure were tested.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: By strict tests, collagen structure of the heterogeneous dermal matrix fabricated here was integrity and no cell fragment was found. The biomechanical characteristics were similar with acellular dermal matrix fabricated by routine repeated frozen method. Compared with routine repeated frozen method, the acellular degree and biological properties of goat acellular dermal matrix prepared by improved method had no significant differences, but the integrity of latter was eminent. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of an embedded real-time detecting and controlling system for tissue engineered bioreactor Liu Kuang-bin, Huang Hua, Zeng Jun, Liu Yi 2010, 14 (41):  7639-7642.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.010 Abstract ( 370 )   PDF (285KB) ( 318 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering bioreactor is used to simulate the cell’s metabolism in vivo and provide a condition to culture the three dimensional cells and tissue in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the bioreactor’s needs for culturing and design a detecting and controlling system based on Linux and ARM9 embedded processor for the bioreactor. METHODS: The system was used to control and detect the bioreactor made by our laboratory. The experiment contained preparing the scaffold and devices (Auto desktop sterilizer, gas-liquid membrane, gas-gas membrane and so on), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultivation, the controlling of bioreactor, as well as detections of temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and pH value. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the system based on MCU, the new design improved the driving and parameter detecting and added the oxygen partial pressure and pH monitoring modules. The function of the bioreactor was perfect.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Hypoxic exercise upregulates mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 expression in rat skeletal muscle through NO-ATF1 signaling pathway Bo Hai, Zhang Hong-ying, Li Hai-ying, Zhang Yong 2010, 14 (41):  7643-7648.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.011 Abstract ( 356 )   PDF (525KB) ( 381 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hypoxic exercise can upregulate uncoupling proteins 3 expression, and promote the resistance of skeletal muscle mitochondria to hypoxia, but its biological effect and mechanism are still unclear.   OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of hypoxia alone and hypoxic exercise on mitochondrial energetics and uncoupling proteins 3 expression, and to discuss the biological effect of NO-ATF1 signaling pathway in this process. METHODS: Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: normoxia control group, hypoxia group, hypoxic exercise group, hypoxia + L-NAME group and hypoxic exercise + L-NAME group. Animals in the hypoxia group were subjected to hypoxia exposure in normobaric hypoxic tent with 11.3% O2. Those in the hypoxic exercise groups were exercised on a motor-driven rodent treadmill in the normobaric hypoxic tent with11.3% O2. And the drinking water for L-NAME animals contained L-NAME at dose of 1 g/L. All these interventions lasted for 4 weeks. The content of nitric oxide (NO) was measured with nitrate reductase method. Adenodine triphospate (ATP) synthesis capacity was determined using a bioluminescence technique. Mitochondrial H2O2 generation was determined using dichlorofluorescein (DCF). The expression of uncoupling proteins 3 (UCP3) and ATF1 in muscle were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. And the phosphorylation of ATF1 and mitochondrial UCP3 protein expression were measured by Western-blotting.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exercise training in hypoxia markedly enhanced mitochondrial UCP3 expression and ATP synthesis capacity, and suppressed mitochondrial H2O2 generation, which accompanied with elevated NO content and ATF1 phosphorylation level. L-NAME restrained the protective effect of hypoxic exercise on mitochondria. These findings indicated that hypoxic exercise can increase uncoupling proteins 3 expression through the NO-ATF1 signaling pathway so as to increase the mitochondrial resistance to hypoxia.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Variation of rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis of rat skeletal muscle under different training intensities Zhang Min, Chen Li-jun, Jin Qiu-yue, Zhou Wei 2010, 14 (41):  7649-7652.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.012 Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (310KB) ( 393 )   Save BACKGROUND: Glycolytic system plays an important role in the consumption and utilization of energy in movement. Various training subjects lead to different adaptive changes of bodies. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of different training intensities on phosphofructokinse (PFK), hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities of rat skeletal muscle. METHODS: According to BEDFORD TG standards, anaerobic exercise, aerobic exercise, aerobic and anaerobic cross-training motion models were established using treadmill running with different intensities. At the same time, normal animals served as control group. All the animals were killed immediately after exercise training. The activity of PFK, HK and PK were determined by enzyme-coupled assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After treadmill training, the PFK activity in the anaerobic exercise group was increased (P < 0.05). To the cross-training group, it increased after 6 weeks’ training (P < 0.05), however, the activity of PFK was decreased after 2 and 4 weeks’ aerobic exercise training (P < 0.05). HK activity was increased after 4 and 6 weeks’ training (P < 0.05), which was the highest in the anaerobic exercise group (P < 0.05). Compared with the cross-training group, HK activity in the aerobic exercise group was lower (P < 0.05). The activity of PK was decreased in 2-week and 4-week anaerobic exercise group than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The present findings demonstrated that, the activity of rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis was affected not only by exercise modes, but also by training periods. Long-time training, especially including high-speed anaerobic training, can protect the activity of rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha during the differentiation process of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes Chen Si-fan, Sun Jian, Zheng Lin, Zhang Zi-li, Sun Yan-shuang, Feng Xiang 2010, 14 (41):  7653-7656.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.013 Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (516KB) ( 480 )   Save BACKGROUND: Few studies were concerned about the molecular mechanisms in the process of adipocyte differentiation at present. The transcription factors of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family can induce and promote the differentiation, but the mechanisms were rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate PPAR γ and C/EBP α expression during the process of murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiating into mature adipocytes, and explore the mechanisms in the differentiation process of adipocytes. METHODS: Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was cultured in vitro and induced by using the classic hormone-cocktail method (1-methyl-3-butyl-anthine + dexamethasone + insulin). At 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days following induction, oil red O staining method and spectrophotography were applied to analyze the differentiation of adipocytes. Real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot methods were applied to detect the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα at different time points. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the process of cell differentiation, the difference of relative fat content, expression levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα were significantly increased (P < 0.01). These indicated that PPARγ and C/EBPα play a promoting effect in adipocyte differentiation from 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Basic fibroblast growth factor and metabolism of I and III collagen protein in scar fibroblasts Xie Ju-lin, Bian Hui-ning, Li Hou-dong, Shu Bin, Qi Shao-hai, Tang Jin-ming, Xu Ying-bin, Li Tian-zeng, Liu Xu-sheng 2010, 14 (41):  7657-7660.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.014 Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (377KB) ( 341 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have confirmed that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can promote wound surface healing. Scholars have paid great attention on whether bFGF can induce fibroblastic proliferation and lead to scar hyperplasia during wound surface healing. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regulatory effects of bFGF on the synthesis and degradation of fibroblast I and III collagen protein. METHODS: Hyperplastic scar tissue was obtained from patients undergoing scar plasty at the Department of Burn, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University. Fibroblasts of scar tissue were cultured by tissue block method. The second passage of cells was collected. Effects of bFGF (0-500 µg/L) on synthesis and secretion of I and III collagen protein and cell matrix metalloproteinase 1 in scar-derived fibroblasts were measured by chloramines T, RT-PCR and Western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: bFGF stimulation had no effect on hydroxyproline, I and III collagen protein mRNA expression. Low mass concentration of bFGF did not affect cell matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression, but cell matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression was increased with increased mass concentration of bFGF, especially 50, 100, 500 µg/L groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Simultaneously, changes in cell matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression were identical in cells and supernatant. Results have suggested that high mass concentration of bFGF contributes to degradation of collagen protein by increasing cell matrix metalloproteinase 1 synthesis, resulting in avoiding excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases and type Ⅳ collagen in growing rat masticatory muscle after functional mandibular protrusion Sun Hui-ling, Zhou Hong, Zou Min 2010, 14 (41):  7661-7664.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.015 Abstract ( 342 )   PDF (291KB) ( 276 )   Save BACKGROUND: Rat masticatory muscle presented with adaptability and remodeling during functional mandibular protrusion, and matrix metalloproteinases was involved in this process. OBJECTIVE: To investigate tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and collagen type Ⅳ changes in growing rat masticatory muscle after functional mandibular protrusion. METHODS: Healthy male Sprague Dawley rats, aged 4 weeks, were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. Rats in the experimental group wear appliance 10-12 hours per day. The expressions of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and type Ⅳ collagen in growing rat masticatory muscle were measured at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and type Ⅳ collagen were expressed in digastric muscle in all groups. However, compared with the control group, the expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and type Ⅳ collagen was enhanced in the experimental group, which suggested that, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and collagen type Ⅳ involve changes in growing rat masticatory muscle after functional mandibular protrusion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic changes of inflammatory cells infiltration and related gene expression after limb ischemia in nude mice Li Da-yong, Zheng Qiao-nan, Yuan Ming-dian, Chen Wen-na, Gu Feng, Lü Yan-wei 2010, 14 (41):  7665-7670.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.016 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (451KB) ( 284 )   Save BACKGROUND: Research has shown that compensatory angiogenesis may occur after ischemia, but the relation between the changes of the local inflammatory response and angiogenesis after ischemia has rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the dynamic changes of the inflammatory cells infiltration and related gene expression in muscle after limb ischemia. METHODS: Femoral artery ligation method was used to establish nude mice right hind limb ischemia model. The ischemic changes of limb ischemia were observed at 3 days, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after limb ischemia. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD34 and CD68 immunohistochemical staining were used to observe ischemic morphological changes, the microvascular count (MVC) and macrophages infiltration in muscle tissue respectively. Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to detect changes of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ischemic muscle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Limb ischemic state of nude mice was the most serious at 1-2 weeks after ischemia. After limb ischemia, muscle fibers shrink and deformation, and the expression of MCP-1 and VEGF were greatest (P < 0.01). MVC was the highest at 2 weeks after limb ischemia (P < 0.01). There were a large number of inflammatory cell infiltrations at 3 days-2 weeks, and parts of nude mice had ischemic gangrene, especially severe at 2 weeks, and the expression of NF-κB was enhanced    (P < 0.01). NF-κB and MCP-1 gene-mediated inflammatory response in limb ischemia was the compensatory changes, which stimulates VEGF gene expression and short-term process of angiogenesis. But the number of capillary formation is limited, thus, it was not enough to compensate the state of limb ischemic gangrene. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of ciliary neurotrophic factor on the expression of glia fibrillary acidic protein in the anterior horn after anastomosing apocoptic sciatic nerve in rats Yi Hong-li, Zhang Dong-yan, Sun Hong-an 2010, 14 (41):  7671-7674.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.017 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (316KB) ( 297 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) has multiple biological activities, which has significance in development, differentiation and damage repair of nervous system. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of CNTF on the expression of glia fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the corresponding segment spinal anterior horn astrocytes after anastomosing apocoptic sciatic nerve in rats. METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, model, saline and medicine groups. All rats were performed anastomosing apocoptic operation at both sciatic nerves except that in the control group. CNTF and saline were injected into rats in the medicine and saline groups, 100 ng/kg, once per day. The corresponding spinal segments were obtained at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the operation, and the expression of GFAP was observed by immunohistochemistry, and the number of neurons in the anterior horn of spinal cord was counted by hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The astrocytes in the anterior horn of spinal cord became bigger after anastomosing apocoptic both sciatic nerves operation, neurites increased and became thickening, neurons apoptosis less, the expression of GFAP increased. Compared with the model and saline groups, the survival neurons were increased, apoptotic neurons decreased, and the expression of GFAP protein were greater in the medicine group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Simultaneously, the rats in the medicine group were suffered slightly motor dysfunction and recovered faster those of other groups. The results illustrate that CNTF has neuroprotective effect via promoting the high expression of GFAP in the anterior horn of spinal cord after anastomosing apocoptic sciatic nerve in rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on denervated fracture healing Zhang Yuan-jin, Zhou Chi-bing, Duan Jun, Ke Wen-tan 2010, 14 (41):  7675-7677.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.018 Abstract ( 234 )   PDF (225KB) ( 298 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone nonunion affects life quality of patients severely, how to prevent and cure bone nonunion using nerve growth factor is the key point and direction in the reconstructive surgery field. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of nerve growth factor (calcitonin gene-related peptide) on denervated fracture healing. METHODS: The rabbit models of denervation of fracture healing were established and divided into 2 groups. Totally 10 μg calcitonin gene-related peptide were injected into fracture end of rabbits in the experimental group, once two days. The same volume of physiological saline was injected into the control group. The serum concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine were mensurated at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after operation. Specimens of right fibula were sectioned to be studied by biomechanical test and histomorphometry study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The serum concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine were dramatically increased in two groups after operation, reached a peak at 4 weeks, which was 1 fold of before operation, and then decreased at 6 weeks, but still higher than that of before operation. Compared with the control group, the serum concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine were higher (P < 0.05-0.01). The three-point bending test showed that the bending strength of the experimental group was obviously greater than that of the control group (P < 0.05-0.001). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that hyaline cartilage cells had been replaced by osteoblasts in the experimental group at 6 weeks after operation. No complete osteoblasts could be found in the control group. The results revealed that, calcitonin gene-related peptide can remarkably promote the fracture healing in denervated fracture healing rabbits. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of steriod-induced osteonecrosis models of the femoral head in rabbits Li Biao, Liu Jin-song, Li Ke-tao, Wang Kun 2010, 14 (41):  7678-7682.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.019 Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (761KB) ( 433 )   Save BACKGROUND: Avascular necrosis of femoral head can lead to femoral head collapse or hip impairment, but the precise etiological factor and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Therefore, it is an important mean to study glucocorticoid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head by establishing animal models. OBJECTIVE: To establish a stable animal model for glucocorticoid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head in rabbits, and to explore the mechanism of osteonecrosis femoral head. METHODS: Healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. Control group: intramuscular injection of normal saline. Hormone group: hip muscular injection of methyllprednisolone three times. Single endotoxin group: injection of endotoxin followed by three times injections of methyllprednisolone after 24 hours. Double endotoxin group: twice injection of endotoxin and three times injections of methyllprednisolone. X-ray, MRI imaging, histopathological examination, as well as transmission electron microscope were performed prior to and after operation. The rate of empty lacunae was calculated.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The rate of empty lacunae in the hormone, single endotoxin and double endotoxin groups were obviously increased than that of the control group at 8 weeks after model preparation (P < 0.01), especially highest in the double endotoxin group (P < 0.01). Compared with the hormone and single endotoxin groups, the femoral head osteonecrosis in the double endotoxin group presented earlier and seriously, and the osteonecrosis increased with time prolonged. The findings demonstrated that twice endotoxin injection combined with three times hormone injection induced osteonecrosis of femoral head early and obviously. The rate of the empty lacunae increased with time prolonged. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mutation of cerebral artery Willis circle of Mongolian gerbils screened using tannic acid-ferric chloride staining Wu Xiao-guang, Guo Yuan-yuan, Yan Yong, Zhao Shu-min, Gong Xiu-yun 2010, 14 (41):  7683-7686.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.020 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (346KB) ( 402 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previously, whether the brain ischemia is exist or not judged by positive syndrome, which would be influenced artificially, and the target is also not strictly. The tannic acid-ferric chloride method is characterized by reliable, simple and reproducible. Accordingly, this method can make it possible for the scientific researcher to overcome the above deficiencies by screening cerebral artery circle of Willis of Mongolian gerbils. OBJECTIVE: To explore a simple and reliable method for screening the Willis circle variation of arteries in Mongolian gerbils. METHODS: The forebrain ischemia models of Mongolian gerbils were established by using Kirino’s method. Laser spectroscopy was used to observe the blood flow in the cerebral artery, and tannic acid-ferric chloride method was used to display cerebral microvasculars. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After common carotid arteries were legend, those Mongolian gerbils, which laser spectroscopy was still able to detect the blood flow in forebrain, have circle of Willis arteries, as confirmed by tannic acid-ferric chloride method. The results demonstrated that it is quickly and reliably to screen Willis circle variation in Mongolian gerbils using tannic acid-ferric chloride method to display brain microvasculars. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of zinc finger transcription factor snai1 expressing vector and screening of stably transfected cell clone Zhou Chuan-wen, Li Qian-jun 2010, 14 (41):  7687-7690.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.021 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (310KB) ( 303 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies demonstrated that Snai1 has been shown to negative interact with E-cadherin in tumor tissue and combine with CDH1 promoter region box motif, thus, suppress the CDH1 genetic transcription.  OBJECTIVE: To construct snai1 eukaryotic expression vector and to establish a stable transfective cell line. METHODS: Complete exon sequence based on the sequence of snai1 in the GenBank was designed and inserted into the plasmid Pmd-18T, recombining the plasmid Pmd-18T/snai1, which was transformed into E.coli DH5 and selected with ampicillin. The positive clones containing the recombinant Plasmid Pmd-18T/snai1 were sequenced and digested by restriction endonucleases EcoRI and XhoI.The digestion product of EcoRI and XhoI was purified and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+) to construct pcDNA3.1(+)/Snai1,which was identified by sequencing and transfected into adenocarcinoma of colon HT-29 cells. The HT-29 cells with stable expression of snai1 were selected by G418 and confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)/snai1 was constructed successfully. HT-29 cells stably expressing snai1 were selected by G418 with 600 mg/L at 21 days. The successful construction of the plasmid of pcDNA3.1(+)/snai1 could significantly up-regulate the expression of snai1in colon neoplasms cells HT-29. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction, exogenous selection and identification of lentiviral vector targeting human dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3 grabbing nonintergrin gene Li Lan, Guo Shu-liang, Wang Jian-jun, Wu Ting-ting 2010, 14 (41):  7691-7695.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.022 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (413KB) ( 299 )   Save BACKGROUND: The lentiviral vector is an effective tool to execute RNAi in the human dendritic cells. However, there are few reports addressing applying RNAi technology to the human dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3 grabbing nonintergrin (DC-SIGN). OBJECTIVE: To construct a lentiviral vector expressing small-hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting human DC-SIGN gene, and to provide a useful tool to regulate the expression level of DC-SIGN. METHODS: Four target sequences were selected according to human DC-SIGN mRNA sequence．The cDNA target sequence containing both sense and antisense Oligo DNA were designed. The obtained lentiviral vector containing DC-SIGN shRNA was confirmed by PCR, sequencing and exogenous selection. 293T cells were cotransfected with lentiviral vector pGCSIL-GFP, pHelper1.0 and pHelper 2.0. The titer of virus was tested by serial dilution． RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PCR and DNA sequencing demonstrated that the inserted sequences were correct. Two effective targeting sequences were determined by exogenous selection. The titer of concentrated virus was 1×109 T U/mL. The lentivirus vector targeting DC-SIGN has been successfully constructed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of heat-clearing and detoxicating (Bizhongxiao decoction) on bone erosion of rheumatoid arthritis: Compared with combination of methotrexate and sufasalazine therapy Xun Xiao-qing, Xiong Xin-gui, Chen Jiang, Liang Qing-hua, Fan Rong, Wu Dan, Guo Ya-jing 2010, 14 (41):  7696-7699.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.023 Abstract ( 239 )   PDF (294KB) ( 338 )   Save BACKGROUND: The heat-clearing and detoxicating (Bizhongxiao decoction, BZXD) exhibits good curative effect in treating active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous experiments have identified the effectiveness of BZXD in treating rheumatoid arthritis at molecular and gene levels. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of BZXD on joint X-ray stages and functions in RA patients with damp-heat syndrome type. METHODS: Between May 2000 and May 2006, active RA patients received treatments at the Department of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, were randomly divided into 2 groups, namely, BZXD treated group and control group, which received combination of methotrexate and sufasalazine therapy, respectively. Both groups were treated for 3 years, and the staging of X-ray and the score of joint function before and after treatment in different times were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with prior to treatment, the percentage of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ on joint X-ray of the BZXD group were obviously decreased at 3 months after treatment. The percentage of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ were gradually reduced at 1, 2 and 3 years after treatment, and the joint function scores also improved significantly (P < 0.05). In the control group, there were no notable changes in the percentage of grade Ⅲ, Ⅳ on joint X-ray at 3 months after treatment, which decreased at 1 and 2 years after the treatment, and the joint function score was also decreased (P < 0.05). The joint function scores had notable difference between the treated group and control group at 3 months, 2 and 3 years after treatment (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, there were few patients suffered from slightly adverse reaction in the BZXD group. It proves that the short-term and long-term results of BZXD are obviously superior to the combination of methotrexate and sufasalazine therapy on RA patients in inhibiting joint bone destruction and protecting joint function, and the adverse effects of BZXD are obviously fewer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of moxibustion on the expressions of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in joint synovial fluid of rabbits with knee osteoarthritis Xiong Yong, Peng Rui, Xia Shu-shu 2010, 14 (41):  7700-7703.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.024 Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (335KB) ( 397 )   Save BACKGROUND: Moxibustion has advantages of the simple operation, painlessness and significantly curative effect, there was evidence that moxibustion shows definite clinical effectiveness in treating knee osteoarthritis. However, studies regarding effects of moxibustion on treating knee osteoarthritis remain still not deep enough. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of moxibustion on the concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in joint synovial fluid in rabbit with experimental knee osteoarthritis, and to explore its potential mechanism. METHODS: Model of knee osteoarthritis was established with modified with plaster cast in extension position, and intervention was used at the beginning of model preparation. Animals in the moxibustion group were treated with moxibustion applied on Guanyuan (CV 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Xuehai (SP 10), Neixiyan (EX-LE4), Dubi (ST 35) and Yanglingquan (GB 34) (each acupoint for 10 minutes, once a day); animals in the chitosan group were treated with chitosan (20 mg/mL, 0.5 mL per inject, once a week) and in model group with nothing. At 8 weeks after model preparation, concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in joint synovial fluid were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mankin score of rabbit was increased after knee osteoarthritis (P < 0.01), but the scores in the moxibustion group and chitosan group were lower than in model group respectively (P < 0.01), the scores in moxibustion group were not significantly different from in chitosan group (P > 0.05). The concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in the model group were significant increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the IL-1β and TNF-α in the moxibustion and chitosan groups were lower (P < 0.01), but there was no notable differences between the moxibustion group and chitosan group (P > 0.05). Moxibustion can decrease the joint synovial fluid level of IL-1β and TNF-α, which may contribute the therapeutic effect of moxibustion on knee osteoarthritis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biomechanical and pathological changes of rat tendon following short-term local glucocorticosteroid injection Ji Shu-qing, Ma Xin-long, Ma Jian-xiong, Zhu Shao-wen, Yang Yang 2010, 14 (41):  7704-7708.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.025 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (491KB) ( 395 )   Save BACKGROUND: The long-term local injection of glucocortico steroid have a negative impact on the tendon, but the short-term application is still in dispute.  OBJECTIVE: To observe the biomechanical and pathological changes of rat tendon following short-term glucocorticosteroid local injection.      METHODS: Rats in the hormone blockade control and hormone blockade training groups were injected dexamethasone with human body suitable dose once weekly and three times totally. Treadmill exercise was supplemented to rats in the hormone blockade training group, with intensity of 25 m per minutes, 30 minutes per time, and three times weekly. There was no treatment on rats in the normal control group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and MASSON staining were used to observe tendon histological alterations. Tension test was performed to observe the biomechanical changes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Biomechanical features of the hormone blockade control group appeared earlier reinforced and lately degraded, and a case of tendon rupture was found. The mechanics efficiency of tendon in the hormone blockade training group showed earlier degraded and lately recovered. Tendon cataplasia could be found in these two groups. Short-term local glucocorticosteroid injection can stimulate and decline the flexibility of the tendon. Strong physical strength work should be avoided and moderate functional exercise should be done when use it. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of postnatal ages for the evoked potential and extrafusal, intrafusal fibers of muscle subvolume of tibial muscle in domestic rabbits Zhu Dao-li, Wang Kang-lei, Xu Da-gang 2010, 14 (41):  7709-7712.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.026 Abstract ( 327 )   PDF (368KB) ( 280 )   Save BACKGROUND: Electromyography characteristic and constitution percentage of enzyme histochemistry of intrafusal fibers and extrafusal fibers were interrelated with function during postnatal development of rabbit muscle. However, systematic studies addressing muscle subvolume of tibial muscle are insufficient. OBJECTIVE: To inquire into the evoked potential and enzyme histochemistry of tibial muscle subvolume in dometic rabbits with different ages. METHODS: General dissection combined with enzyme histochemistry was applied to explicit tibial muscle subvolume in dometic rabbits with different ages; at the same time, the function of muscle subvolume was surveyed using electric physiology record instrument. The inducing potential amplitude, continued time and wave motion, extrafusal ⅡB, ⅡA, ⅡX, Ⅰ fiber composition were stained by ATPase histochemistry and the feature of intrafusal fibers were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The inducing potential amplitude, continued time and wave motion were smaller, the spectrum was simple and wave motion was gentle at childhood. With age increased, the inducing potential amplitude, continued time and wave motion at adult were bigger, and the spectrum was longer and complicated than the continued time of childhood. Small spinal wave appeared. Extrafusal ⅡB, ⅡA fiber of stained ATPase at anterior and posterior subvolume of tibial muscle were increased with age increasing. But the extrafusal ⅡX, Ⅰ fiber of stained ATPase at anterior and posterior subvolume of tibial muscle were decreased from postnatal ages. Intrafusal fibers were divided into nuclear bag1, nuclear bag2 and nuclear chain fibers. They were wrapped with intracapsular and extracapsular regions composed of connective tissues. Posterior subvolume maintains hind legs’ pose and joint of posterior limb with stability during standing and walking. Anterior and posterior subvolume were supplied together sufficient contractive speed and power for need of movement when the motion were needed strength and velocity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of cell sheet engineering in tissue engineering Deng Lin-hong, Wang Sheng 2010, 14 (41):  7715-7718.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.028 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (317KB) ( 320 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cell sheet engineering allows for tissue regeneration by either direct transplantation of monolayer cell sheets to host tissues or the creation of three-dimensional structures via the layering of individual cell sheets. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the application and its progress of cell sheet engineering in tissue engineering. METHODS: Literature from Chinese Journal Full-Text Database (CNKI: 2000/2010) and Medline database (1990/2010) was searched by the first author using key words of “tissue engineering, temperature-responsive culture dishes, cell sheet engineering” in Chinese or English. The development of cell sheet engineering and its application in tissue engineering was reviewed from three aspects, that is, introduction of cell sheet engineering, application of cell sheet engineering, the shortcomings and solution of cell sheet engineering. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 82 papers were initial searched, and 40 papers were included in this paper. The results show that tissue engineering can be an alternative promising method for organ transplantation in the treatment to injured and pathological tissue. The traditional tissue engineering method, biodegradable scaffolds, have achieved success in some aspects of tissue engineering, such as cartilage repair, bone repair and blood vessel repair. But its application has been restricted by the shortcoming of scaffolds. However, cell sheet engineering can be a good supplement to tissue engineering by avoiding using scaffolds. Cell sheet engineering has been proved useful in cornea repair, periodontal repair, pulmonary air leakage and so on. With the development of tissue engineering, cell sheet engineering should be an important tool for regenerative medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanisms of wound healing accelerated by adipose tissue He Yong, Xin Guo-hua, Zeng Tao-fang 2010, 14 (41):  7719-7722.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.029 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (326KB) ( 417 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the research developments of adipose tissue, the effect of adipose tissue on wound healing has aroused increasing attention. The mechanisms of wound healing accelerated by adipose tissue and its application have been widely carried out.  OBJECTIVE: To provide the theoretical basis for clinical wound treatment via investigating the mechanisms of adipose tissue on accelerate wound healing from aspects of adipokines/adipocytokines and adipose-derived stem cells and reviewing their applications. METHODS: CNKI and PubMed databases were searched by the first author using key words of “adipose tissue, leptin, resistin, adipose-derived stem cells, wound healing” from 2009 to 2010. The language was limited for Chinese and English. The mechanisms of adipose tissue on accelerate wound healing and their applications were introduced from adipokines/adipocytokines and adipose-derived stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 329 papers were searched, and 31 documents were included according to inclusive criteria. The results showed that, the proliferation of vascular regeneration, fibroblast and keratinocytes play a key role in wound healing, adipose tissue can promote and improve the quality of wound healing through the proliferation of vascular endothelial, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and other cells. However, the regulation of adipokines/adipocytokines during wound healing, the mechanism of adipose-derived stem cells proliferation and differentiation, as well as how to improve the healing rate, remain poorly understood. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of reconstructed tracheal re-epithelialization Huang Guang-ping, Xiang Zhou, Ji Yong, Li Lang　 2010, 14 (41):  7723-7726.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.030 Abstract ( 329 )   PDF (306KB) ( 367 )   Save BACKGROUND: Inflammation, trauma, tumor or other lesions result in extensive damage to the trachea, which need to cut a long tracheal segment and reconstructed. It is hard to repair defects if the removal of the trachea was exceeding half length of the total trachea. Tracheal prosthesis is needed to reconstruct tracheal continuity. OBJECTIVE: To review the basis and clinical applications of tracheal prosthesis, introduce the type and method of tracheal reconstruction and re-epithelialization, and to analyze the problems exists in current re-epithelialization in the reconstructed trachea. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and CNKI (www.cnki.net/index.htm) was performed by the first author using key words of “tracheal defect reconstruction, tracheal epithelialization, re-epithelialization”. Articles with following features were included: ①With original and reliable evidence. ②With clear viewpoint and comprehensive analysis. ③Closely connected with this subject.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 30 articles were included in this analysis. The rapid development of biomaterials science and biomedical science provide necessary substitute material for tissue and organ reconstruction. Artificial trachea made of biomedical have structural integrity and scalability, making it have an important condition for the replacement of the trachea, and showing excellent biocompatibility and stability of structural properties. Many scholars have made encouraging progress in tracheal reconstruction, but there are still many problems: If the use of allograft tissue replacement, it is difficult to avoid immune rejection; own body transplantation, they have to expense the cost of normal tissue. Construction of tissue-engineered trachea is still just stop at the level of nude mice. The puzzles of reconstructed tracheal re-epithelialization restrict the development of artificial trachea. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of distraction rate and frequency on distraction osteogenesis Sun Xi-rao 2010, 14 (41):  7727-7730.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.031 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (260KB) ( 529 )   Save BACKGROUND: Distraction osteogenesis has become increasingly popular for the treatment of craniofacial anomalies involving the midface and mandible. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of distraction rate and frequencies on distraction osteogenesis. METHODS: The first author retrieved CNKI database from 1989 to 2009 in Chinese and Medline database from 1989 to 2009 in English with the key words of “distraction osteogenesis, distraction rate, distraction frequencies”. A total of 58 articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 25 articles concerning the effect of distraction rate and frequencies on distraction osteogenesis were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Distraction rate and frequencies affected outcomes of distraction osteogenesis. The small distraction rate can not stimulate new bone formation, while the great distraction rate may lead to inogenesis rather than new bone formation, even worse, may lead to bone union. Under a certain distraction rate, increasing of distraction frequency may promote osteogenesis. Distraction with high rate or continuous traction is effective in promoting osteogenesis. The distraction frequencies of 2-4 times with 1 mm per day proved to be biomechanically superior. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of osteogenic protein-1 in disc degeneration and repair Liu Hang-tao, Wang Wan-ming, Lin Zhi-jun 2010, 14 (41):  7731-7734.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.032 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (304KB) ( 287 )   Save BACKGROUND: How to regeneration and repair intervertebral discs puzzles doctors in orthopedics. With a strong osteoinductive activity, osteogenic protein-1 can induce bone and cartilage formation in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and discuss the effects of osteogenic protein-1 on disc degeneration and repair. METHODS: Databases of China Journal of Full-text Database (CNKI) and PubMed were searched by the first author using key words of “intervertebral disc; degeneration; osteogenic protein-1/bone morphogenic protein-7” to find papers published between 1990 and 2010 both in Chinese or English. The effects of osteogenic protein-1 on intervertebral disc cells and its degeneration both in vitro and in vitro were introduced. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 56 papers were retrieved by computer, and 27 documents were selected according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria. As a result, osteogenic protein-1 has an effect on promoting disc cells synthesizing collagen and proteoglycan, can adjust and restorate the metabolism of extracellular matrix in disc degeneration, and shows a bright future to retard disc degeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between nerve injury and fracture healing Yang Ya-dong, Bo Zhan-dong 2010, 14 (41):  7735-7738.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.033 Abstract ( 505 )   PDF (351KB) ( 570 )   Save BACKGROUND: Neural regulation of fracture healing is a complex process. The denervation of fracture healing is a hot issue. OBJECTIVE: Through comprehensive research progress in recent years, this paper retrospective analyze the effect of various components and levels of nerve injury on fracture healing, and to explore the factors of fracture healing after nerve injury and its mechanism. METHODS: A computer-based research was conducted in VIP, CNKI, PubMed and Highwire database from 1993 to 2009 using key words of “fracture healing; nerve injuries; neuropeptides; growth factors” both in English and Chinese, and literature references were manual retrieved. Documents related to bone healing, denervation, and relationship between nerve injury and fracture healing were included. The irrelative, repetitive research or old data were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A total of 1 638 literatures were collected, including 686 Chinese literatures and 952 English literatures. Through reading titles and abstracts, 28 standard literatures were included. Fracture healing is a complex process, subject to multi-level and multi-route regulations of the general and local environments in the body, and in this process many growth factors involved. Different components and levels of nerve injury have significant influence to fracture healing. The patients who have sustained a traumatic brain injury and limb fracture patients, a lot of callus around the fracture site is increased significantly, the heterotopic ossification in the muscle even appeared, and the rate of fracture healing was faster than the patients with simple fracture. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and regulatory mechanism of hepcidin Liu Shu-xin, Lu Hong-mei, Liu Yu-qian, Wang Hai-tao, Kang Hong-zhe, Li Wen-hui, Chen Jun 2010, 14 (41):  7739-7742.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.034 Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (298KB) ( 518 )   Save BACKGROUND: The cellular iron efflux is modulated by hepcidin derived by liver and this peptide is now regarded as the central regulator of body iron homeostasis. Hepcidin expression is influenced by regulators such as iron store, the rate of erythropoiesis, inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress. These regulators control the content of hepcidin by proteins on hepatocyte, such as HFE, transferrin receptor 2, hemojuvelin and the IL-6R and so on. These proteins activate various cell signal transduction pathways, including the BMP-SMAD, JAK-STAT and HIF1 pathways. As a result, the expression of hepcidin is altered. However, the detail molecular mechanism of hepcidin expression remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the regulatory mechanism of hepcidin from the aspects of signal factor and signal pathway. METHODS: Literatures in NCBI and SpringerLink databases from 2000 to 2010 were searched by the first author using key words of “hepcidin, hemochromatosis, hemojuvelin, BMP signaling pathway, HFE, transferrin receptor 1, transferrin receptor 2”. The latest research regarding regulatory mechanism of hepcidin was analyzed from the aspects of signal factor and signal pathway. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 210 papers were searched by computer, and 37 documents were included according to inclusive and exclusive criteria. The results showed that hepcidin expression was influenced by signal factors such as hereditary hemochromatosis, transferrin receptor 1, and transferrin receptor 2. These proteins activate various cell signal transduction pathways, including the BMP-SMAD, JAK-STAT and HIF1 pathways. As a result, the expression of hepcidin was altered. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of microRNA in muscle development and disease Li Dong-ying, Shi Bin, Yan Chun-hui 2010, 14 (41):  7743-7747.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.035 Abstract ( 419 )   PDF (351KB) ( 310 )   Save BACKGROUND: Study of microRNA has made great progress in the fields of tumor, heredity, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. However, it is still at the beginning in the research of muscle development and related disease. OBJECTIVE: To review research advances of microRNAs and its relationship with muscle development and disease. METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI (http://acad.cnki.net/) and SSReader (http://edu.sslibrary.com) was performed with key words of “microRNA, muscle and cardiovascular disease” in Chinese; Pubmed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and ISI Web of Knowledge (http://apps.isiknowledge.com/) were searched with key words of “microRNA, muscle and cardiovascular disease” in English. In addition, related articles were manually searched. A total of 37 documents regarding position, structure, function of microRNA; microRNA and muscle development; microRNA and muscle-related disease were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: microRNAs are a class of highly conserved small noncoding RNAs that can specially bind to 3’-untranslated region of the target mRNA and negatively regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Genetic studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are required for both proper muscle development and function, and as regulators of muscle development, as well as in muscle-related disease processes, including cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmia, and muscular dystrophy. These suggest that microRNA and muscle development and disease are closely related. It has been confirmed that microRNA is highly correlated with muscle development and disease. However, how to regulate microRNA for the prevention and treatment of muscle diseases will be the focus of future study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Warming needle moxibustion with different moxibustion intensity in treating knee osteoarthritis with Yang deficiency and cold coagulation syndrome: Comparison of analgesia and semiotic improvement Hong Kun-da, Wan Tian, Li Li, Wu Ming-xia, Liu Xian-xiang 2010, 14 (41):  7748-7752.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.036 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (296KB) ( 341 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that warming needle moxibustion had good effect on knee osteoarthritis with yang deficiency and cold coagulation syndrome, and the effect was different with different moxibustion intensity.  OBJECTIVE: To discuss the curative effect of warming needle moxibustion with different moxibustion intensity on treating knee osteoarthritis with Yang deficiency and cold coagulation syndrome. METHODS: Totally 120 patients, who were treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2009 to December 2009, were enrolled. They were divided into three groups according to the visiting time, and received acupuncture and weak, moderate and strong stimulation with moxa-sticks. After 3 course of treatment, the curative effects were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The effective rate was 88%, 95% and 95% in the weak, moderate and strong stimulation groups, respectively. The pain intensity score in moderate and strong stimulation groups was superior to that in the weak stimulation group (P < 0.05), especially effectiveness in the strong stimulation group. The results demonstrated that acupuncture combined with strong stimulation with moxa-sticks have good effect on improving clinical symptoms of patients with knee osteoarthritis.　 Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on treating facial depression deformity with autologous fat transplantation　 Li Wei-hua, Sun Zhi-cheng, Wang Wen 2010, 14 (41):  7753-7756.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.037 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (326KB) ( 454 )   Save BACKGROUND: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) plays a promotive effect on cell proliferation and graft vascularization, which can facilitate human preadipocytes differentiate into adipocytes. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on repairing facial depression deformity with autologous fat particle transplantation. METHODS: A total of 54 patients with facial depression treated with autologous fat particle transplantation at the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force were selected. The patients were divided into control and bFGF groups according to chronological order. Patients in the control group were treated with pure fat particle transplantation, and patients in the bFGF group were treated by fat particle transplantation combined with bFGF. The therapeutic effects were observed through the comparison of the pre-post facial photos. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The depression deformity of all the 54 patients was improved. There were 4 excellent and 6 good in the control group, with excellent and good rate of 63%. There were 12 patients received a second fat injection, and the ratio was 63.2%. In bFGF group, 14 excellent and 12 good, the excellent and good rate was 79%. Only 11 patients received a second fat injection, with the ratio of 33.3%. There was a significant statistical difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Accordingly, local application of bFGF can enhance filling efficiency of facial depression.　 Related Articles | Metrics

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Amniotic membrane for repair of canaliculus lacrimalis laceration in 22 cases Song Xue-ying, Hu Chang-e, Qi Shao-wen, Li Qing-he, Yang Hui-chun 2010, 14 (41):  7757-7760.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.038 Abstract ( 264 )   PDF (295KB) ( 314 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is difficult to repair complex canaliculus lacrimalis laceration due to tissue defect. Previous studies demonstrated that amniotic membrane can facilitate epithelization and inhibit inflammatory reaction or fibrosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) on the repair of canaliculus lacrimalis laceration.  METHODS: A total of 22 eyes of 22 patients of canaliculus lacrimalis laceration, including 9 cases combined with lacrimal point splitting, 5 with lacrimal point defect, and 8 with canalicular defects. AMT combined with canaliculoplasty were applied for the treatment. The tube was removed at 4 months after operation, and the re-examination was performed at 1, 2, 4 weeks and 2, 3 months after tube removal. The follow-up lasted for 7-18 months. The therapeutic effect was evaluated.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Up to the end follow-up, 21 of 22 cases (95.45%) were recovered, and 1 case went better. A total of 14 cases (100%) reconstruction of lacrimalis puncticulum were very well. 21 cases tear clearance rate were normal. The findings demonstrated that AMT combined with canaliculoplasty are a safe and effective surgery for the reconstruction of canaliculus lacrimalis laceration.　 Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of bone age in 1 205 Han adolescents from Qingdao city Tian Xiao-qing, Zu Yu-liang, Liang Shao-hua, Liu Feng-chun 2010, 14 (41):  7761-7764.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.039 Abstract ( 340 )   PDF (330KB) ( 463 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone age is an important reference of growth and development of human race. The data referred to in China was studied in early 1960s, there are few studies concerning modern adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To assess the long bones’ development in knee and ankle joints of adolescents in Qingdao region, and to investigate the tendency of their skeletal development, which can add new data for the new standard of bone age of adolescents.  METHODS: Totally 1 205 healthy adolescents, aged 9-20 years, living in Qingdao region were randomly selected. Anterior-posterior radiograms of knees and ankles were obtained. The time of epiphysis-diaphysis fusion of the long bones were observed. Meanwhile the correlation between the menarche and the epiphysis-diaphysis fusion time were analyzed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The sequence of the epiphysis-diaphysis fusion in the knee and ankle long bones was as follow: the inferior end of tibia (Male: 15.179 years; Female: 13.379 years), the inferior end of fibula (Male: 15.290 years; Female: 13.472 years), the inferior end of femur (Male: 15.629 years; Female: 13.722 years), the superior end of fibula (Male: 15.708 years; Female: 13.753 years), and the superior end of tibia (Male: 16.329 years; Female: 14.027 years). The females’ menarche was obviously advanced and was highly correlated with the epiphysis-diaphysis time. The bone age of adolescents in Qingdao region is obvious earlier than the old data. New data should be accumulated for the research of anthropology, clinical and forensic medicine.　 Related Articles | Metrics

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Constitution development tendency and intervention suggestions for advancing health of Chinese Han population college students Li Guo-qiang, Li Mi-huan, Li Hong-yin 2010, 14 (41):  7765-7769.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.040 Abstract ( 382 )   PDF (426KB) ( 603 )   Save BACKGROUND: Physique Health Standard for College Students was formulated to make a better evaluation for college students’ constitution and to provide scientific basis for macroeconomic policy making and the corresponding preventive measures. OBJECTIVE: To understand physical condition of college students and to explore the law of physical development. METHODS: Documents from 1985 to 2002 containing 19-22 years old Han college students lived in 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China were selected using ways of stratified and random cluster sampling. The physical indexes, including body height, body weight, chest circumference, vital capacity, 50-m running, standing long jump, anterior curvaturein standing body, 1 000-m running (boy) or 800-m running (girl) were analyzed to evaluate the physical states, functions and body quality.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The growth rate of college students’ body shape had the characteristics of the overall acceleration and rapid growth; the symmetrical body plumpness and body shape were in the normal range; lung function exhibited declined with age increasing, especially in boys. Compared with previous data, quality of Chinese students in 2002 showed decline tendency in speed, power, flexibility and endurance. Accordingly, on one hand, students in the sub-health physique should be examined in time; on the other hand, the intervention measures, such as physical activity and scientific health education should be enhanced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of tetrandrine on neuronal apoptosis, bcl-2 and bax expressions following acute spinal cord injury In comparison with methylprednisolone Luo Chun-shan, Tian Xiao-bin, Wang Lei, Li Bo, Peng Zhi, Zhou Zhuo-jia, Jian Yue-kui, Zhao Wei-feng 2010, 14 (41):  7770-7774.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.041 Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (312KB) ( 383 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that tetrandrine has protection on acute spinal cord injury, but the specific mechanism remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To study the protection of tetrandrine on rat acute spinal cord injury and to study its mechanism from apoptosis pathway. METHODS: A total of 100 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. All rats were prepared for spinal cord injury models using modified Allen method except that in the sham-surgery group. Methylprednisolone and tetrandrine was injected into rats in the methylprednisolone and tetrandrine groups by tail intravenous injection prior to and at 24, 48 hours after model preparation. The same volume of physiological saline was injected in the sham-surgery and model groups. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB score) was recorded at 8 hours, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after model preparation. The morphological changes of spinal cord injury sites were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and the expressions of bcl-2 and bax were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The BBB score of methylprednisolone and tetrandrine groups were significantly higher than that model group at 7 and 14 days (P < 0.05), but there were no significant difference between the methylprednisolone group and tetrandrine group (P > 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the spinal cord injured severely at 3-7 days, the injury degree in the methylprednisolone group and tetrandrine group was slighter than that of the model group, with smaller bax expression and greater bcl-2 expression (P < 0.01). The findings demonstrated that, tetrandrine is able to protect neurons from apoptosis and promote the nerve function recovery by inhibiting the expression of Bax and promoting the expression of Bcl-2. Its effect is not inferior to methylprednisolone. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of exercise training on microangiogenesis of rat ischemic lower limbs Mei Yan, Ge Hong-wei, Liu Yong 2010, 14 (41):  7775-7778.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.042 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (164KB) ( 293 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that ischemia can be compensated by establishing collateral circulation and microangiogenesis, and exercise training can ameliorate blood supply of ischemic lower limb. However, whether exercise training accelerate establishment of collateral circulation remains poorly understood.  OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of exercise training on accelerating microangiogenesis of rat ischemic lower limb. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the exercise training, model and sham-surgery groups. All animals were established left lower limb ischemia models except those in the sham-surgery group. Rats in the exercise training group were forced running 30 minutes per day at 1 week after model preparation and those in other groups were performed daily activities. The adductor of ischemic lower limb was obtained for the examination of microvessel density and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Simultaneously, bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells were harvested for detection of microangiogenesis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Number of endothelial progenitor cells, expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, as well as microvessel density of the exercise training group was obviously greater than those in the model and sham-surgery groups (P < 0.01). Compared with the model and sham-surgery groups, in vitro vasculogenesis of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells in the exercise training group was increased (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that lower limb ischemia increases microangiogenesis, and exercise training enhances this effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of P16, CyclinD1, and CDK4 in progressive reduction of alveolar epithelial cells during pulmonary fibrosis Zheng Jin-xu, Lü Xiao-ting 2010, 14 (41):  7779-7783.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.043 Abstract ( 259 )   PDF (398KB) ( 300 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that the number of alveolar epithelial cells decreases gradually as pulmonary fibrosis develops, but the reasons remain unknown. The expression of P16, CyclinD1, and CDK4 might be abnormal and P16-CyclinD1/CDK4 cell cycle regulatory pathway may play an important role in the progressive reduction of alveolar epithelial cells during pulmonary fibrosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic expression of P16, CyclinD1, and CDK4 in the pulmonary tissue of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice. METHODS: Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in 6-week-old KM mice by intratracheal injection of bleomycin (BLM group). The control mice were administered the same volume of physiological saline (control roup). At 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after modeling, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe the pathomorphological changes of lung tissue. P16, CyclinD1, and CDK4 protein expression in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the BLM group, typical changes of pulmonary fibrosis were observed, and P16 and CDK4 protein expression in the pulmonary tissue increased with time, but CyclinD1 protein expression was decreased with time. P16 and CDK4 protein-positive cells in the BLM group were more than in the control group. Compared with the control group, P16 protein expression in the BLM group was higher at 14 and 28 days after modeling (P < 0.01) and CDK4 protein expression was higher at 7, 14, and 28 days after modeling (P < 0.05). CyclinD1 protein-positive cells and protein expression were greater at 3 and 7 days after modeling in the BLM group (P < 0.05), but they were less at 28 days after modeling (P < 0.05), than in the control group. At 14 days after modeling, CyclinD1 protein-positive cells in the BLM group were more, but CyclinD1 protein expression was less, than in the control group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that P16, CyclinD1 and CDK4 protein expression was abnormal during pulmonary fibrosis and P16-CyclinD1/CDK4 cell cycle regulatory pathway greatly results in progressive reduction of alveolar epithelial cells during this process. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on expressions of collagen and fibronectin in normal skin and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts Song Rui, Bian Hui-ning, Lai Wen, Chen De-hua, Zhao Ke-sen 2010, 14 (41):  7784-7790.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.41.044 Abstract ( 684 )   PDF (376KB) ( 356 )   Save BACKGROUND: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can promote production of collagen, fibronectin and matrix enzyme in healing wounds. However, dysregulation of this process, such as the abnormal coordination of cell proliferation, extracellular matrix and neovascularization formation, or remodeling of the wound matrix will lead to excess accumulation of scar tissues. OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of bFGF on normal skin wound healing and hypertrophic scar formation. METHODS: Normal and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts from tissue biopsies from 5 patients who underwent plastic surgery for repairing hypertrophic scars were isolated and cultured. The expressions of collagen, fibronectin and protein synthesis were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA. The mitochondrial membrane potential changes were measured using JC-1 staining and flow cytometry. Simultaneously, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were determined by chemiluminescence method. The effects of bFGF on these indexes of normal and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts were observed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hypertrophic scar fibroblasts become slower after being exposed to bFGF, which selectively inhibited type Ⅰ collagen production in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (P < 0.05). Although bFGF inhibited type Ⅰ collagen production, it had no effect on type Ⅲ collagen expression in both normal and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. However, fibronectin expression in the normal fibroblasts was up-regulated after bFGF treatment (P < 0.05). In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential tended to depolarization, although no statistical difference, in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts treated with bFGF (10 or 100 μg/L). bFGF treatment increased the cellular ATP levels in the normal fibroblasts, while there were no significant alterations in the hypertrophic scar fibroblasts over a treatment of bFGF (10 or 100 μg/L, P < 0.05). The results suggest that there are differential effects and mechanisms on the skin fibroblasts with bFGF treatment in normal wound healing and hypertrophic scar formation. Related Articles | Metrics