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14 October 2012, Volume 16 Issue 42 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Morphological changes of periodontal bone tissue at the pressure side after different orthodontic appliances Ma Yong-ping, Ge Chang-qing, Gao Lin-qing 2012, 16 (42):  7791-7796.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.001 Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (469KB) ( 645 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recently, Damon Ⅲ appliance is the new direction of appliance improvement. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the histopathological changes of rabbit periodontal bone tissue under the pressure side in the remodeling process after different appliance orthodontic. METHODS: Sixty-four healthy rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: control group, MBT appliance group, Begg appliance group and Damon Ⅲ appliance group. The MBT appliance, Begg appliance and Damon Ⅲ appliance were ligated between the maxillary incisors and first molars in order to tract the appliances move to the maxillary incisors for 1 mm. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 7 days after correction, the volume of trabecular bone in the pressure side of rabbit periodontal bone tissue was reduced, the trabecular width was narrowed and the gap was broaden in MBT appliance group, Begg appliance group and Damon Ⅲ appliance group (P < 0.05), and the amount of osteoblast and osteoclast was increased significantly (P < 0.05). At 21 days after correction, compared with MBT appliance group and Begg appliance group, the volume of trabecular bone in the pressure side of rabbit periodontal bone tissue was reduced, the trabecular width was narrowed and the gap was broaden and the amount of osteoblast and osteoclast was increased significantly in the Damon Ⅲ appliance group (P < 0.05). In the initial phase of orthodontic tooth movement, MBT appliance, Begg appliance and Damon Ⅲ of appliance have orthodontic effect, but the late effect of Damon Ⅲ appliance is better than that of the MBT appliance and Begg appliance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Human washed platelets promote the proliferation of osteoblasts and prostaglandin E2 production Li Hong-tao, Duan Jian-min, Kuang Wei, Kikuchi Hirotaka, Katayama Tadashi 2012, 16 (42):  7797-7803.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.002 Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (488KB) ( 481 )   Save BACKGROUND: Platelet rich plasma can reactivate the bone tissue, while some basic problems are still unknown such as the ideal platelet concentration, the important elements and relevant mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of washed platelet between mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and prostaglandin E2 production. METHODS: Washed platelet was obtained from young healthy male volunteer and acted on MC3T3-E1 after repeatedly extracted from liquid nitrogen frozen. Cell quantification kit and prostaglandin E2 assay kit were applied to detect cell proliferation and PGE2 production. Reverse transcription-PCR was used to detect the cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 5% washed platelet acted on MC3T3-E1 cells for 1 hour, cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression and prostaglandin E2 production were promoted. Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression reached a peak value at 3 hours; while prostaglandin E2 production reached a peak value at 6 hours (40.5 μg/L). The promotive effect of washed platelet on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was decreased with the concentration increased. Washed platelet at 15% inhibited the MC3T3-El cell proliferation. However, prostaglandin E2 production of MC3T3-E1 cells was promoted with the washed platelet concentration increased. Indomethacin significantly inhibited the effect of 50 moL/L washed platelet on MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and prostaglandin E2 production. However, tumor necrosis factor-2 (100 μg/L) could significantly promote the effect of washed platelet on prostaglandin E2 production of MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, SB431542 (15 μmol/L) significantly inhibited the promotive effect of 5% washed platelet on MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and prostaglandin E2 production. These results suggest that washed platelet promoting MC3T3-El proliferation is closely related to prostaglandin E2 production　 Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of soy isoflavones on the bone mineral density and the expression of estrogen receptor alpha in osteoblasts of ovariectomized rats Zhang Jian-dong, Zhang Tian-dong, Tao Ruo-qi, Yang Sheng-wei 2012, 16 (42):  7804-7808.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.003 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (465KB) ( 472 )   Save BACKGROUND: Soy isoflavones (SIF) is a type of plant estrogen that has significance for osteoporosis after menostasia. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of SIF on the femoral bone mineral density and the expression of osteoblasts estrogen receptor α in osteoblasts of ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Thirty 12-month-old female ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group, SIF group and control group. The rats in the SIF group and control group were excised bilateral ovarian, while the rats in the sham operation group were only performed operative approach without excision of ovarian. After the ovarian was excised, the rats in the SIF group were given SIF every day for 40 days continuously, and the rats in the control group were given the same dose of normal saline. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 40 days, the value of the left femoral bone mineral density in the control group was significantly lower than that of the sham operation group (P < 0.05); the expression of estrogen receptor α in osteoblasts of SIF group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that SIF can increase the bone mineral density, improve the expression of estrogen receptor α in osteoblasts of ovariectomized rats, and promote the proliferation of osteoblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Xianlinggubao on osteoporotic fracture healing in rats Rong Jian-min, Lü Zhi-wei, Pi Jun-jie, Fei Le-xue 2012, 16 (42):  7809-7813.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.004 Abstract ( 348 )   PDF (496KB) ( 393 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis can delay fracture healing. The studies on the effect and underlying mechanisms of Xianlinggubao on osteoporotic fracture healing are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of osteoporosis on fracture healing of shaft of femur in rats and the intervention effectiveness of Xianlinggubao as well as its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Fifty female 3 months old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control (n=6), osteoporosis group (n=6), normal fracture group (n=12), osteoporotic fracture group (n=12) and Xianlinggubao treatment group (n=12). Rat model of bilateral ovariectomy was established, and rat model of right shaft femur fracture was prepared after 8 weeks. Rats in the treatment group was given 250 mg/kg Xianlinggubao with intragastric administration , while rats in the normal fracture and osteoporotic fracture groups were given equal volume of normal saline for 6 weeks with intragastric administration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rats in the osteoporosis group showed markedly decreased bone mineral density, compared to the normal control group at 8 weeks after ovariectomy (P < 0.05), which suggested rat models of osteoporosis were prepared successfully. After intragastric administration for 6 weeks, bone mineral density, X-ray film scores and maximal load in the osteoporotic fracture group were significantly lower than those of normal fracture group and Xianlinggubao treatment group (P < 0.05). But those in Xianlinggubao treatment group were still markedly lower than those in the normal fracture group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that rats with osteoporosis have delayed fracture healing, and Xianlinggubao can promote the fracture healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expressions of cyclooxygenase 2, bone morphogenetic protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in elbow heterotopic ossification Tian Jian, Fan Cun-yi, Rui Yong-jun, Mi Jing-yi, Ruan Hong-jiang, Liu Kun, Zeng Bing-fang 2012, 16 (42):  7814-7818.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.005 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (467KB) ( 464 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors can prevent heterotopic ossification around the elbow joint. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of COX-2, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in post-traumatic elbow heterotopic ossification tissues, and to analyze their relationship. METHODS: The expressions of COX-2, BMP-2 and VEGF were examined by S-P immunohistochemical staining in 18 cases of heterotopic ossification and 10 cases of normal bone tissue. The 10 cases were as controls. The average absorbance value and the percentage of positive area of COX-2, BMP-2 and VEGF in heterotopic ossification and normal bone tissue were measured by HPIAS-1000 image analysis system. The relationship among the percentage of the positive area in the three kinds of proteins was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: COX-2 ,BMP-2 and VEGF were strongly expressed in heterotopic ossification，but those in the normal bone tissue showed low express or no express. Image analysis demonstrated that the average absorbance value and the percentage of positive area of COX-2, BMP-2 and VEGF in heterotopic ossification were significantly higher than those in the normal bone tissue (P < 0.01). The percentage of positive area of COX-2 expression was closely correlated with that in the BMP-2 and VEGF in heterotopic ossification (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that COX-2, BMP-2 and VEGF may play important roles in the process of heterotopic ossification formation. COX-2 may induce the expression of BMP-2 and VEGF to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis in the heterotopic ossification organization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Proliferation, differentiation and gene expression of osteoblasts in hypoxic rats Gu Jiu-jun, Sheng Jun-dong, Liang Wei-dong 2012, 16 (42):  7819-7824.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.006 Abstract ( 296 )   PDF (565KB) ( 347 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several researches have shown that hypoxia can lead to the healing of fracture delayed or non healing, and reduce bone density, which will improve the incidence of osteoporosis and fracture. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation, differentiation and gene expression of osteoblasts cultured in vitro. METHODS: The cranium from a newborn Wistar rat was collected and osteoblasts were extracted by trypsogen-collagenase sequential digestion method. The cells were subcultured in vitro and identified. The reproductive rate of osteoblasts was tested by MTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts was detected by nitrophenylphosphate method. Bone gamma-carboxyglutamic-acid-containing proteins (BGP) and type Ⅰ collagen expression were measured by reverse transcription-PCR method. RESULTS AND CONLUSION: Our studies revealed that hypoxia could inhibit the proliferation of osteoblasts and reduce alkaline phosphatase activity as well as decrease the expression of BGP mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen mRNA in a time-dependent manner. These findings suggest that hypoxia can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts cultured in vitro and decrease the expression of BGP mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen, which will decrease osteogenic ability and promote the incidence of osteoporosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Anti-calcification effect of the cells in the small caliber tissue engineered vascular graft Xing Jian-zhou, Wang Zhi-wei, Gao Shang-zhi, Li Luo-cheng, Deng Hong-ping, Wu Zhi-yong 2012, 16 (42):  7825-7829.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.007 Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (463KB) ( 359 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are a few of reports about the long-term results of small caliber tissue engineered vascular graft. There are rarely studies of relationships between molecular level of tissue engineered vascular graft, long-term results of ion level, smooth muscle cells and calcification. OBJECTIVE: To establish the small caliber tissue engineered vascular grafts with the decellularized porcine femoral artery matrix as a scaffold and dog vascular wall cells as seed cells, and implant in femoral arterial of the seed cell donor canine for 6 months, then to study the relationships between smooth muscle cells and calcification. METHODS: Twelve mongrels were divided into a scaffold group (n=6) and a recellularizated scaffold group (n=6) at random. Femoral artery of mongrels was used as a control group. In the scaffold group, the decellularizated extracellular matrices of porcine femoral arteries were implanted in the right and left femoral arteries. Mongrels in the recellularizated scaffold group underwent implantation of the recellularizated extracellular matrices in the bilateral femoral arteries established by implantation of seed cells on the extracellular matrices and preconditioning in vitro. Tissue calcium content, smooth muscle cells density and pathological changes of the grafts and autologous femoral arteries were evaluated at 6 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant stenosis and expansion in two groups at 6 months after small caliber tissue engineered vascular grafts implantation, but scanning electron microscopy showed the inner surface of the grafts was completely covered with endothelial cells in both groups, the stiffness and calcification plaque could be seen in the grafts of both groups. These changes were more obvious in the scaffold group. The calcification content in the scaffold group was higher than that in the recellularizated scaffold group and autologous femoral artery group (P < 0.01), and the calcification content in the recellularizated scaffold group was higher than that in the autologous femoral artery group (P < 0.01); the density of the smooth muscle cells in the grafts of recellularizated scaffold group was higher than that in the scaffold group (P < 0.01), and the smooth muscle cells in the grafts of recellularizated scaffold group and scaffold group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Ultrasonic examination presented that the systolic and diatolic movement in the grafts of both groups at the operation and at 6 months post-operation was weaker than that in the autologous femoral artery, and part of the pipeline did not have systolic and diastolic function. These findings show that smooth muscle cells are difficult to migrate to the middle layer of the extracellular matrices when the small caliber tissue engineered vascular graft constructed by decellularizated extracellular matrices of porcine femoral artery. The density of the smooth muscle cells in the middle layer is lower until 6 months after implantation, and the smooth muscle cells have the role of anti-calcification in tissue engineered vascular grafts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of the retroviral vector of RNA interference for human estrogen receptor beta in human MG63 osteoblast-like cells Wang Yu-xiang, Zhang Hong-qi, Guo Chao-feng, Tang Ming-xing, Liu Shao-hua, Deng Ang, Gao Qi-le, Liu Jin-yang, Wu Jian-huang 2012, 16 (42):  7830-7836.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.008 Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (965KB) ( 561 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are many studies on how estrogen receptor (ER) α participates in bone metabolism at present. However, the studies of how ER β participates in bone metabolism are few. OBJECTIVE: To construct a retroviral expression vector of RNA interference (RNAi) for human ER β and to mediate its expression in human MG63 osteoblast-like cells via retrovirus. METHODS: Gene nucleotide sequence of ER β was retrieved from Genebank database. Three target small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences were designed and converted into cDNA coding expression of small hairpin RNAs (shRNA) for ER β gene. The cDNA was synthesized and inserted into pRNAT-H1.4/Retro plasmid.The recombinant of shRNA eukaryotic expression vector-pRNΑT-H1.4/Retro-ERβ-shRNΑ was constructed and identified by restriction enzyme digestion and the sequence analysis. The recombinant vector was transfected into 293 cells by Lipofectamine 2000 and packaged as retrovirus. The blank and nonspecific shRNA of the packaged retrovirus served as controls. Human MG63 osteoblast-like cell strain was transfected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Three retroviral vectors-ERβ-shRNA (pRNΑT-H1.4/ Retro-ERβ-shRNΑ1, pRNΑT-H1.4/Retro-ERβ-shRNΑ2 and pRNΑT-H1.4/Retro-ERβ-shRNΑ3) were constructed. Enzyme digestion identification and sequence analysis had confirmed that the recombinant plasmid containing target sequence for ER β gene had been inserted into the site which was expected to meet the design requirements. The recombinant plasmid had been constructed successfully and was packaged as antivirus after transfected into 293 cells by Lipofectamine 2000. These findings suggest that retrovirus can transfect human MG63 osteoblast-like cell strain efficiently and stably. The transfecting rate was around 70%. Three kinds of ERβ-shRNA retrovirus: pRNΑT-H1.4/Retro-ERβ-shRNΑ1, pRNΑT-H1.4/Retro-ERβ-shRNΑ2 and pRNAT-H1.4/ Retro-ERβ-shRNΑ3 all can transfect human MG63 osteoblast-like cells efficiently and stably, as well as inhibit the expression of ERβ remarkably, and ERβ-shRNA3 is the most efficient shRNA sequence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Integrated Salvia miltiorrhiza and acupuncture for repairing knee articular full-thickness cartilage defects Ma Yong, Guo Yang,,Gu Yi-huang, Zhou Xin, Wang Jian-wei, Zhang Ya-feng, Huang Gui-cheng 2012, 16 (42):  7837-7842.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.009 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (674KB) ( 467 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that subchondral drilling can repair cartilage defects effectively. Integrated acupuncture and medicine can control the symptoms of cartilage damage effectively in clinic. It is supposed that integrated acupuncture and medicine can produce synergistic effect with subchondral drilling on cartilage defect repair. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of integrated acupuncture and medicine combined with subchondral drilling on the repair of articular cartilage defects. METHODS: Full-thickness defects of 6 mm×8 mm were created over the articular surface of bilateral femoral condyles in 50 rabbits. The rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (n=10). The rabbits in A group (model group) were not given any treatment after modeled, and those in B group (drilling group) were only given drilling treatment. One week after drilling, the rabbits in C group (Salvia miltiorrhiza group) were injected 0.3 mL Salvia miltiorrhiza injecta into both knee joint cavity once a week for five times. The rabbits in D group (acupuncture group) were acupunctured bilateral Zusanli (ST36) once a day for 30 minutes, totally for 30 times. The rabbits in E group (acupuncture+Salvia miltiorrhiza group) were injected SM and acupunctured bilateral Zusanli, and the methods were identical to the C and D groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of the histological observation and transmission electron microscope examination showed that the repair tissues in B, C, D and E groups were similar, including hyaline cartilage, immature cartilage and fibrous cartilage, while that in group A was mostly fibrous tissue in majority. The quantity and quality of repair tissue in E group was the best. Compared with the group A, the area of the repair tissue covering cartilage defects in B, C, D and E group was obviously increased (P < 0.01). The effect of E group was the optimum and that in C and D groups was worse. These findings suggest that Salvia miltiorrhiza, acupuncture, and acupuncture+Salvia miltiorrhiza all can promote subchondral drilling effect on cartilage defects repair, besides, the effect of integrated acupuncture and Salvia miltiorrhiza is superior to pure Salvia miltiorrhiza and acupuncture. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of self-prescribed Tongbi decoction on the articular cartilage following typeⅡcollagen arthritis Yang Jun-ping, Qiu Li-ying, Xiao Liang, Wang Ying 2012, 16 (42):  7843-7848.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.010 Abstract ( 184 )   PDF (480KB) ( 463 )   Save BACKGROUND: The self-prescribed Tongbi decoction is an empirical formula that has been observed in clinic for many years by Prof. Yu Jian-ping, and it is applied to treat dampness-heat blockage syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis. OBJECTIVE: To verify the inhibitory effect of self-prescribed Tongbi decoction on the hind paw swelling in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats, and its regulative effect on autoantibody IgG, T cell subgroups, interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α, as well as its therapeutic role on ankle pathological injuries. METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into six groups. An AIA rat model with collagen Ⅱ was established in all groups except for the normal control group. The rats of the model group were injected an equal volume of distilled water as the high-dose administration group; rats of the control group were given 5.0 mg/kg prednisone; rats in the high-dose, moderate-dose and low-dose administration groups were treated with 11.6, 5.8 and 2.9 g/kg self-prescribed Tongbi decoction, respectively. The rats in the normal control group were injected 0.1 mL normal saline into the rear toe of rats. After 1 week, all rats received a booster injection with the same dose on the tails. After modeled for 2 weeks, the rats were given intragastric administration, once a day for 2 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The self-prescribed Tongbi decoction has a significant inhibitory effect on the hind paw swelling in collagen-induced arthritis rats, and a significant inhibitory effect on the increase of IgG serum concentration, a significant immunomodulatory effect on the abnormal CD4, CD8 and T lymphocytes as well as a significant inhibitory effect on tumor necrosis factor α. The synovial membrane edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, synovial proliferation, pannus generating and cartilage destruction achieved an improvement in different doses of self-prescribed Tongbi decoction groups. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of mechanical stress on proliferation of cementoblast-like cells Ren Ai-shu, Bai Ding, Huang Lan, Fu Gang 2012, 16 (42):  7849-7852.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.011 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (427KB) ( 688 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cementoblasts play an important role during root formation, cementum regeneration of periodontitis and repair of orthodontic root resorption. The influence of mechanical stimulation on cementoblasts in vitro is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between different stress patterns at tension and compression sides during orthodontic tooth movement and cementum remodeling. METHODS: 2000 με tensile and compressive stress was exerted, separately, on cementoblast-like cells OCCM30 by four-point bending system. The flow cytometry was used to examine the cell cycle and proliferation activity of OCCM30 after 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-hour loading. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 2000 με tensile and compressive stress both depressed proliferation activity of OCCM30 through decreasing S-phase fraction after 3 and 6 hours loading. The S-phase fraction rose again with time prolonged. After 24 hours loading, the S-phase fraction and proliferation activity resumed to the level of controls. There was no significant difference between tensile and compressive stress in the influence on proliferation activity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of puerarin on rabbit periodontal tissue remodeling Jin Shan-dan, Zheng Rong, Wu Li-peng, Yang Dong-hong 2012, 16 (42):  7853-7856.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.012 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (460KB) ( 396 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that puerarin has promoting effect on bone formation in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of puerarin on rabbit periodontal tissue remodeling. METHODS: Totally 33 rabbits were randomly divided into the blank control group (three rabbits), the negative control group (15 rabbits) and the experimental group (15 rabbits). Rabbits’ bilateral mandibular first molars were installed stressing device, and after 14 days, the rabbits were installed retainer device. During retention period, the rabbits in the control group were injected normal saline, while the rabbits in the experimental group were injected puerarin. The two groups were maintained for 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. Three rabbits were killed at each time point and their tissue samples were extracted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the experimental group: new bone formed in the far side, and there were osteoblasts at the verge, in addition, more osteoclasts were found in the near side at first day; at days 14 and 21, obvious accumulation of new bone was found in the near and far side, and dense trabecular bone formed. In the negative control group: at first day, it was similar to the experimental group; at day 14, there were new bones formed in the near and far side, and completely calcified osteoid was not be seen, besides, lacunar resorption disappeared, and osteoblasts were found on the surface; at day 21, a number of new bones formed in the near and far side. Compared with the negative control group, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression of the experimental group was higher at each time point. The express levels between the two groups at days 7, 14 and 21 had significant difference (P < 0.05). The BMP-2 expression of the experimental group was increased gradually, while that of the negative control group was decreased gradually. The BMP-2 expression of the experimental group and negative control group were both higher than that of the blank control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that puerarin may promote osteoblast and inhibit osteoclast so as to shorten the retention period through the up-regulation of BMP-2 expression in retention period. Related Articles | Metrics

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Separation and identification of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and expression of their membrane molecules Yang Jing, Li Qian-ru, Huang Yu-min, Xu Hong, Zhao Jiu-zhou, Du Ying 2012, 16 (42):  7857-7860.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.013 Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (448KB) ( 382 )   Save BACKGROUND: The tumor microenvironment affects expression of vascular endothelial cells. Critical molecular, which plays a part in tumor growth, metastasis and immunologic escape; however, its specific mechanisms remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To study the expression changes in membrane molecules of vascular endothelial cells under the influence of the tumor microenvironment. METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were stimulated with cultured supernatants of tumor cells at the indicated concentration for the same time and with the same concentration for the different time in vitro. Factor VIII related antigen was detected by immunocytochemistry methods. The expression of membrane molecular mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The supernatant of hepatocellular cancer cell line smmc7721 suppressed the ability of antigen-presenting and adhesion of vascular endothelial cells. This effect was strengthened when time was increased. However, the supernatant of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 did not have this effect; it influenced the expression of CD31, CD62E and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Tumor microenvironment affects the function of vascular endothelial cells by changing the expression of molecules related antigen-presenting and adhesive capacity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and evaluation of a new type model of severe acute pancreatitis in mice Zhu Chang-yan, Zhao Hai-feng, Zeng Xian-you, Wu Wei-zhen 2012, 16 (42):  7861-7865.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.014 Abstract ( 414 )   PDF (584KB) ( 731 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, there are several methods for preparing a model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in mice, including Hyla method with multiple injection, L-arginine-induced method with high dose and choline deficiency food feeding. But these methods all have their limiations, and therefore, they cannot be used widely. OBJECTIVE: To explore and establish a new type model of SAP in mice. METHODS: Forty adult male ICR mice were collected randomly and divided into two groups (each of 20 mice): sham operation group and model group. The mice of the sham operation group were only performed laparotomy and closure. The mice of the model group were injected retrogradely into biliopancreatic duct with 3% sodium taurocholate under macroscopic observation. All mice were killed under anesthesia at hours 6, 12, 24 and 48 after injection. Serum amylase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase were assayed. Histological scores of pancreas and lung of the two groups were examined under microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Activities of serum amylase, serum alanine aminotransferase, serum creatinine and serum lactate dehydrogenase of the model group were significantly higher than those of the sham operation group at each time point (P < 0.05). Histopathological scores: interstitial edema, inflammatory cells (mononuclear and neutrophil cells) infiltration, necrosis as well as parenchymal hemorrahages in the model group were higher than those in the sham operation group (P < 0.05), and lesions of other organs including the lung, liver and kidney were found. These results suggest that compared with other methods, the mice model of SAP induced by sodium taurocholate under macroscopic observation is easy, reproducible and stable, and is in accordance with clinical diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and expression of a herpes simplex virus type II latency-associated transcript eukaryotic expression vector Lü Fang-biao, Yang Hui-lan 2012, 16 (42):  7866-7870.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.015 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (436KB) ( 426 )   Save BACKGROUND: The construction of herpes simplex virus (HSV-II) latency-associated transcript (LAT) open reading frame 1 (ORF1) (pEGFP-C2/LAT ORF1) eukaryotic expression vector can lay a foundation for the study of the function of HSV-2 LAT ORF1 in the virus latency and recurrence. OBJECTIVE: To construct pEGFP-C2/LAT ORF1 eukaryotic expression vector and to verify its expression in vitro through the transfection of African green monkey kidney cells. METHODS: A PCR primer was designed according to DNA sequencing of pEGFP-C2/LAT ORF1. HSV-Ⅱ333 standard plant genome was used as the template and ORF1 gene was amplified by PCR method and subcloned into the pEGFP-C2 eucaryotic experssion vector. And then enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing were used for identifying the recombinant plasmid pEGFP-ORF1. Finally, the recombinant plasmid pEGFP-C2/LAT ORF1 was transfected into Vero cells in vitro by X-fect transfection kits. Fusion green fluorescent protein expression was observed by inverted fluorescence microscope and its mRNA expression levels were detected by reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In vitro amplified targeted DNA fragment was 741 bp in length and the size of pEGFP-C2/LAT ORF1 eucaryotic experssion vector constructed was conformed to the expectation, moreover, its sequencing results were conformed to those of ORF1 gene sequencing included by NCBI. Recombinant plasmid pEGFP-C2/LAT-ORF1 was verified by reverse transcription PCR after transfected into Vero cells, and green fluorescent protein expression in the transfected Vero cells was determined by fluorescence microscope. These results suggest that the pEGFP-C2/LAT ORF1 eucaryotic experssion Vector have successfully constructed and realized its expression in African green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells). Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a rat oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 eukaryotic expression vector Ouyang Chang-jie, Duan Xian-hua, Qi Ju-xing, Qu De-wei 2012, 16 (42):  7871-7876.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.016 Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (498KB) ( 325 )   Save BACKGROUND: The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor oligodendrocytes transcription factor 2 is a key regulator for the differentiation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells during development. OBJECTIVE: To construct the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector of rat oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, and to investigate its expression in eukaryocytes. METHODS: Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 cDNA fragments were cloned by reverse transcription-PCR with the total RNA from neonatal rat spinal cord as the template, and subsequently cloned into pGEM-T vector. The oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 fragment with its sequence confirmed was then cloned into pEGFP-N1 vector directionally. The right recombinant was transfected into COS-7 cells by lipofectamine 2000. The expression of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 in COS-7 cells was detected by reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblot analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 cDNA was cloned, and the correct pEGFP-N1-Olig2 cloning was verified by restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing. The Western blot analysis indicated that Olig2-GFP fusion protein was expressed in COS-7/pEGFP-N1-Olig2 cells at 72 hours after transfection. pEGFP-N1-Olig2 was constructed successfully. Olig2-GFP fusion protein could be abundantly expressed in COS-7/pEGFP-N1-Olig2 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and identification of a monoclonal antibody against human apoptosis-inducing factor Dai Qi-yu, Deng Kun, Wang Hui-ying, Liu Yu, Yang Ting-tong, Lu Jian-fu1, Qian Lei 2012, 16 (42):  7877-7882.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.017 Abstract ( 296 )   PDF (588KB) ( 428 )   Save BACKGROUND: Apoptosis-inducing factor not only has the functional redox and electron transfer function, but also has a pro-apoptotic function, so it plays an important role in maintaining the normal physiological activity of the cells. OBJECTIVE: To prepare mouse anti-human apoptosis-inducing factor monoclonal antibodies and to identify their biological characteristics. METHODS: The Ensembl database and DNAstar package were used to analyze amino acid sequence of apoptosis-inducing factor and obtained the epitope polypeptide. Carbodiimide method was used to prepare the complete antigen immunized animal through coupling the polypeptide with a carrier protein. The BALB/c mice were immunized with a designed apoptosis-inducing factor peptide (KLH-coupled), and then the anti-AIF McAb was obtained by means of the B lymphoma hybridoma technique. Hybridoma technique was used to prepare and purify the apoptosis-inducing factor monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The detection of indirect ELISA method showed that titer of apoptosis-inducing factor monoclonal antibodies in ascetic fluid reached 1: 252 400. The result of Western blot demonstrated that there was specific Mr 670 000 brand which consistent with the antigen band. Immunohistochemical detection results showed there was brown positive expression in the colon cancer cells, which indicated that the antibodies can also be used for immunohistochemistry staining. Hyper-activity, specific and purified mouse anti-human apoptosis-inducing factors have been successfully obtained and identified. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and evaluation of contact lens electrode in mice Zheng Qin-xiang, Zhu Jia-li, Pan Miao-zhen, Shi Ying, Li Wen-sheng 2012, 16 (42):  7883-7887.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.018 Abstract ( 427 )   PDF (480KB) ( 876 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mice are the animal model used most commonly for studying the occurrence, development and prevention of human retinal diseases. Retinal electrophysiological tests have become one of the routine methods for the test of mouse retina function. OBJECTIVE: To develop a new kind of contact lens electrode for mouse corneal electroretinogram (ERG) recordings, and to detect its effectiveness and repeatability in the process of the test. METHODS: First, the cornea radius of curvature and the cornea diameter of 24 C57BL6/J mice at various ages were measured. Contact lens in mice of different ages were prepared according to the measured biological parameters of mouse cornea and processed by lathe digital controlled system. The electrode was then adhered to the contact lens and became a new kind of ERG electrode. Another 12 C57BL6/J mice aged 6 weeks were averagely divided into two groups and performed ERG test with traditional annular metallic electrode and this new designed contact lens electrode, respectively. B-wave amplitudes of both dark-adapted and light-adapted ERG in the two groups were recorded every two weeks, totally three times. Cornea status of mice was evaluated by slit lamp microscope after 2 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was significant difference in cornea diameter of different age mice (1.39- 1.48 mm). The designed radius of curvature of the cornea was 2.00 mm and corneal diameter was 3.5 mm. The mean values of B-wave amplitudes of both dark-adapted and light-adapted ERG using the contact lens electrode were recorded 82.7% and 80.3% of those tested by the traditional annular electrode. However the stability of contact lens electrode was much higher than that of the traditional annular electrode after repeated testing. ERG test by using contact lens electrode showed that mouse corneal neovascularization in the contact lens electrode group was obviously less than that in the traditional electrode group. These results suggest that mouse contact lens electrode can be efficiently applied in ERG test. Although its b-wave amplitude was lower than that of traditional annular electrode, its stability in repeated test was higher, and it could effectively decrease mouse corneal injuries. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of acupuncture-induced collagen fiber signal changes in recovery of skeletal muscle injury Ma Yi-nan, Yang Hua-yuan, Feng Lin, Zhao Yu-ping, Chen Jing-jing 2012, 16 (42):  7888-7892.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.019 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (580KB) ( 378 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that the collagen fiber orientation is closely related with meridian, and there are at least two collagen fibers in each cell in order to stay connection with each other, so scholars have speculated that it is the human energy transfer signaling pathway. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of collagen fibers signal changes in the recovery of the skeletal muscle injury based on the meridian collagen pathway hypothesis, and to prove that the interference effect of electroacupuncture on collagen signal is the basic mechanism to promote skeletal muscle repair. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group was the blank control; the model group was used to establish the skeletal muscle injury model by weight combat method; rats in the treatment group received the G6850 electric acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of collagenⅠfiber mRNA and hydroxyproline level in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the change trend was more stable in the treatment group when compared with the model group; the serum creatine kinase level in the treatment group reached to the normal level at 7 days after treatment, and there was a positive correlation between the changes of collagenⅠfibers and the serum creatine kinase level in the treatment group. The collagenⅠfibers and hydroxyproline level in the acupoint area after acupuncture may play a key role in the repair of muscle injury, thereby guiding the transmission and conversion process of acupuncture signal, and signal propagation always positively correlates with creatine kinase level during skeletal muscle repair. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different exercise intensities on the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and mitochondrial swelling Xu Li, Cao Ying, Zhang Min 2012, 16 (42):  7893-7896.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.020 Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (361KB) ( 570 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are many studies on the effects of different exercise intensities on the body, but studies about the effects of different exercise intensities on the activity of mitochondrial Na+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), Ca2+-ATPase and mitochondrial swelling are few. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different exercise intensities on the activity of mitochondrial Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, as well as mitochondrial swelling. METHODS: Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were randomly separated into three groups, namely, control, mid-intensity, high-intensity exercise groups. The control rats did not undergo swimming training, while the other two groups were given 4-week swimming exercises of different intensities. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities increased (P < 0.05) and the extent of mitochondrial swelling decreased (P < 0.05) in the mid-intensity exercise group, but opposite in the high-intensity exercise group. These findings indicate that mid-intensity exercise can protect the activity of mitochondrial Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase and increase the function of mitochondria, but high-intensity exercise can decrease the function of mitochondria. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Smad2/3 in normal palate development and cleft palate formation during mouse embryogenesis Wang Sha, Song Rong, Wang Li-ting, Zhang Rui, Si Qing-zong, Wang Jian-lin, Zhao Wang-hong 2012, 16 (42):  7897-7900.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.021 Abstract ( 386 )   PDF (524KB) ( 517 )   Save BACKGROUND: Through in vitro organ culture studies, a few scholars consider that all-trans retinoic acid (at RA) can interfere with palatal expression, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression changes of Smad2/3 of palatal shelves in normal palatal development and cleft palate formation during mouse embryogenesis. METHODS: Both sides of the embryonic mouse palatal shelves were induced by excess at RA so that they could not integrate at the midline. Then, a mouse model of cleft palate was established, and 54 C57BL/6J inbred pregnant mice were randomly divided into experimental group, vegetable oil control group and blank control group. At GD 10, the mice in the experimental group were subjected to once gastric perfusion with 100 mg/kg at RA, and those in the vegetable oil control group underwent lavage with 10mL/kg olive oil, while those in the blank control group had no treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Smad2/3 positive expression was increased gradually in the embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells from GD1318 to GD148, but few positive cells were observed after GD158, while this trend was also found in the experimental group. In addition, Smad2/3 positive expression at the same developmental time was more obvious than that of the vegetable oil control group. In palatal medial edge epithelium, with the integration of bilateral palatal shelves, the ridge in palate belt disappeared, and Smad2/3 expression was decreased significantly. In the experimental group，the integration did not appeared, besides, significant Smad2/3 positive cells were not found. There was no significant difference in Smad2/3 positive cell expression between the blank control and vegetable oil groups in normal palatal development and cleft palate formation during mouse embryogenesis. These results suggest that excess at RA can interfere with Smad2/3 expression in the embryonic palatal medial edge epithelium and embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells, and thereby influence epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in mice, which is closely related to the formation of cleft palate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of action potential and L-type calcium channel of left atrial myocytes in the aging-associated rats Gan Tian-yi, Xu Guo-jun, Zhou Xian-hui, Tang Bao-peng, Guo Xia, Li Yao-dong, Jiang Tao, Zhang Jian, Li Fa-peng 2012, 16 (42):  7901-7908.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.022 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (627KB) ( 490 )   Save BACKGROUND: Aging is the independent risk factor of atrial fibrillation. The aging-associated changes of electrophysiological properties of atrial myocytes may play an important role in the mechanisms of atrial fibrillation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the aging-associated changes of action potential and L-type calcium channel of left atrial myocytes. METHODS: Seventeen canines were allocated to two groups, including seven adult canines and 10 old canines. The left atrial myocytes were separated from the adult and old canines by collagenase-Ⅱ. We used whole-cell patch-clamp to record action potential and L-type calcium current in left atrial myocytes of adult and older canines. The α1c subunit mRNA and protein expression of L-type calcium channel were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the adult canines, the amplitude of left atrial myocytes action potential plateau in old canines was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the action potential duration was significantly prolonged (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference of the maximum diastolic potential and action potential amplitude (P > 0.05); the L-type calcium channel current density of the left atrial myocytes in the old canines was lower than that in the adult canines (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference of the current kinetic parameters of L-type calcium channel between old and adult canines (P > 0.05); compared with the adult canines, the α1c subunit mRNA and protein expression of L-type calcium channel in the old canines was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). There are different aging-associated cell electrophysiological changes in the left atrial myocytes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of cortical electrical stimulation on neurofilament protein 200 expression in ischemic stroke rats Cheng Ling-yan, Li Tao, Zhou Hai-han, Cheng Xuan, Zhang Qian, Tan Jie, Li Cheng-yan, Duan Yan-wen 2012, 16 (42):  7909-7913.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.023 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (526KB) ( 557 )   Save BACKGROUND: Early studies have shown that cortical electrical stimulation (CES) alone for 16 days can enhance dyskinesia and the expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) in peri-infarct cortex after cerebral ischemia in rats. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of CES on the expression of neurofilament protein 200 (NF-200) in rats model of ischemic stroke. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats model of right middle cerebral artery occlusion in ischemic stroke were established. The rats with lesions in the cortex were randomly divided into CES group (n=13) and non-stimulation group (n=10). One week after modeled, electrical stimulators were implanted and the electrodes were placed on the surface of peri-infarct cortex. CES group was given the electric stimulation, but not in the non-stimulation group. CES was terminated after implantation for 14 days. And then the expression of NF-200 in the peri-infarct and contralateral cortex was assessed by immunofluorescence image analysis at 6 weeks after CES started. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the peri-infarct and contralateral cortex, the expression of NF-200 in the CES group was higher than that in the non-stimulation group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that CES can increase the expression of NF-200 in both peri-infarct and contralateral cortex, and induce the plasticity of bilateral cortical neuron axons. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of the atrophic parotid gland induced by duct ligation Zhao Teng-da, Zuo Jin-hua, Yang Yong, Wang Li-fang, Song Shou-jun, Ding Chang-ling, Zhu Yu-hong, Gao Xu 2012, 16 (42):  7914-7918.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.024 Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (652KB) ( 370 )   Save BACKGROUND: The human major salivary glands are usually affected by various factors, such as radiation therapy, Sjogren's syndrome and sialadenitis, which can lead to atrophy. At present, there are only few studies on the morphological changes of long-term atrophic parotid gland. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of the atrophic parotid gland induced by its main duct ligation. METHODS: After the duct ligation of the atrophic parotid gland induced by its right main duct of SD rats, the area of inner acinar and duct cells of normal parotid gland and atrophic parotid gland tissues were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining after duct ligation for 0 (control), 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days. Changes in number and distribution of myoepithelial cells in the atrophic parotid gland at different time points were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Morphological analysis showed that rapid apoptosis in the acinar cells appeared after the ligation of the main duct in the parotid gland, and cells almost disappeared at day 14. With the atrophy of the parotid gland, a gradual decrease and fibrosis of the glandular lobules with inflammatory cell infiltration appeared. And a number of duct-like structures formed. Besides, the area of duct was gradually increased, and then was gradually decreased after reaching the peak at day 14. Duct-like structures showed a classic double-layers structure. The areas of acinar and duct in the experimental group were significantly different from those in the control group (P < 0.05). At day 7 after ligation, quantitative analysis showed significant increase in the number of myoepithelial cells, followed by gradual increases, which, however, were not statistically significant. These results suggest that in the earlier atrophic stage, there was a rapid disappearance of acinar accompanied by the occurrence of duct-like structures, and reactive myoepithelial cells proliferation. Ultimately, the “double-layers” structures composed by myoepithelial cells and duct-like structures may have great significances in the process of resisting atrophy. Related Articles | Metrics

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The antibacterial activity of phenytoin Liu Jun, Wei Lian-hua, Jiang Wen-xiu, Zhu Li-juan, Zhou Jun-li 2012, 16 (42):  7919-7924.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.025 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (555KB) ( 520 )   Save BACKGROUND: The antibacterial activity of phenytoin in wound healing process is still not clear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the antibacterial activity of phenytoin in the wound healing process through in vitro and animal experiment. METHODS: ①In vitro experiment: Casein hydrolyzate broth dilution was used to observe the minimum inhibitory concentration, and agar diffusion method was used to observe in vitro antibacterial activity of 1.024 mg/L phenytoin. ②Animal experiments: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three equal groups; a 2 cmx3 cm rectangular wound was created in rat dorsal paraspinal, and then treated with 10 or 20 mg/cm2 phenytoin paste or pure Vaseline gauze, the wound was bandaged and fixed with Vaseline yarn and dry gauze. The dressing was changed every day, and the wound surface bacteria were quantitative cultured at 4, 8, 12 and 16 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①Casein broth dilution method results: The quality control strains and clinical isolates test were performed, the test tubes of different phenytoin concentration showed a turbid state. ②Agar diffusion method results: The quality control strains test was performed, and no inhibition zone formation was observed. ③Experimental animal wound bacteria quantitative culture results: The bacteria quantization in the group treated with 10 or 20 mg/cm2 phenytoin paste was lower than that in the group treated with pure Vaseline gauze, but there was no significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). The results show that the in vitro or in vivo antibacterial activity of phenytoin is not clear, and it has no significant effect on the wound bacterial clearance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB on proliferation of tendon cells cultured in vitro Xie Ai-guo, Liang Hong-wei 2012, 16 (42):  7925-7928.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.026 Abstract ( 310 )   PDF (280KB) ( 394 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cell proliferation and tissue repair is a complicated process, accompanied by participation of multiple growth factors. These factors interact with each other to better promote cell proliferation and tissue repair. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) of different concentrations on proliferation of tendon cells cultured in vitro. METHODS: Rat tendon cells were cultured and identified in vitro. According to concentration of PDGF-BB nutrient solution in culture medium, the cells were divided into control group (0 μg/L) and PDGF-BB groups (1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 μg/L). Proliferation of tendon cells was detected by MTT test. The absorbance value of tendon cells in control group and 20 μg/L PDGF-BB group after culture for 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours were determined to evaluate relationship with proliferation dose-effect and time. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The isolated cells were identified to be tendon cells as they were positive for type Ⅰ collagen staining and negative for type Ⅲ collagen staining. Compared with control group, the absorbance values of all groups were all increased, except for 250 μg/L PDGF-BB group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Besides, the absorbance value rose gradually with the increase of the concentration of PDGF-BB, and then diminished gradually with the increase of the concentration of PDGF-BB from 20 μg/L. The number of tendon cells in 20 μg/L PDGF-BB group began to increase when cultured for 12 hours, and reached the highest level at 48 hours, and the absorbance at 24-72 hours was significantly greater than control group (P < 0.01). Results suggest that PDGF-BB can promote the proliferation of tendon cells in a definite range of concentration and time． Related Articles | Metrics

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Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 expression in thrombosis and thrombolysis of a rabbit model of traumatic deep vein thrombosis Liu Hai-ping, Zhao Xue-ling, Wu Xue-mei, Zhou Ru-dan, Li Hong-kun, Li Xing-guo, Zheng Hong-yu 2012, 16 (42):  7929-7932.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.027 Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (359KB) ( 431 )   Save BACKGROUND: The molecular mechanism of deep vein thrombosis and further regression is extremely complex. Researches show that hypoxia and injury factors are involved in deep vein thrombosis and regression. OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 expression during deep vein thrombosis and regression in a rabbit model of traumatic deep vein thrombosis (TDVT). METHODS: The bilateral femoral vein of rabbits was clamped and both lower extremities were fixed with gypsum to establish model of TDVT. SYBR®Green I fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA dynamic detection were used to determine the change of HIF-1 mRNA and protein expression in femoral vein in the rabbits with TDVT. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 24 hours post-injury, B-ultrasonography showed that thrombosis rate was 58% and thromboembolus gradually reduced and be organized with time; from the 5th day intermittent flow signals were monitored in lumen of blood vessel with thrombosis of model group. HIF-1 expression in vein of model group gradually increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and reduced between 7-14 days (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Those findings indicate that HIF-1 expression is upregulated during TDVT, but downregulated during thrombolysis and organization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor used at the early phase of wound healing on expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in deep Ⅱ scald wound Huang Xin-gao, Liang Zi-qian, Ding Hua-rong 2012, 16 (42):  7933-7939.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.028 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (540KB) ( 461 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that recombinant human epidermal growth factors can obviously accelerate wound closure on burning wound, and endogenous epidermal growth factor induces biological effects in combination with epidermal growth factor receptor. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of local recombinant human epidermal growth factors on the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in the healing of scald wound in rats. METHODS: Wistar rats were prepared for back deep Ⅱ degree scald models and divided into two groups. Rats in the control group were sprayed physiological saline and those in the experimental group were sprayed recombinant human epidermal growth factors. The healing rate of the wound was observed and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor protein was determined by Western-blot at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 days after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The wound healing rates of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group from 7 to 21 days (P < 0.05). The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in the two groups were reduced at 1 day, and raised to the peak level at 7 days, which was higher in the control group than the experimental group (P < 0.05). After the peak level, the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in the control group was reduced slowly to the normal level. While, the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in the experimental group was reduced rapidly to a minimum at 14 days; after that, it was raised slowly and closed to the normal level. The two groups showed significant differences (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that local application of recombinant human epidermal growth factors at the early phase of wound healing can produce an influence on the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and obviously accelerate wound closure in deep Ⅱ scald wound rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Lycium barbarum polysaccharides intervene nuclear factor kappa B expression in the submandibular gland tissue of diabetic rats Zhu Jian-hua, Li Jia-yi, Li Wei-shan, Liu Ji-guang, Xiao Zhen 2012, 16 (42):  7940-7944.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.029 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (542KB) ( 408 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor-κB is a nuclear transcription factor in a variety of cells, which can mediate transcriptional expression of various inflammatory transmitters and participate in the regulation of apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on the expression of nuclear factor-κB in the submandibular gland tissue of diabetic rats. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, diabetes, LBP groups. Diabetic rat models were induced by alloxan in the latter two groups. After modeling, 50% LBP solution was intragastrically injected into the LBP group, and normal saline with the same volume was injected into the control and diabetes groups. The administration lasted for 8 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 8 weeks, the body mass of rats in the diabetes and LBP group was less than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the rats in the LBP had a higher body mass as compared with those in the diabetes group (P < 0.05). The blood glucose in the diabetes and LBP group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), while the blood glucose was lower in the LBP group compared with the diabetes goriup (P < 0.05). Expression of nuclear factor-κB was not found or little in the normal submandibular gland, but increased in the submandibular gland of diabetic rats and then decreased significantly after LBP treatment. These findings indicate that LBP can inhibit nuclear factor-κB activation and expression, and play a protective role in the submandibular gland tissue of diabetic rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between peripheral blood inflammatory cytokines and rheumatoid arthritis Xie Qing-yun, Wei Meng, Zhang Bo, Kang Xia, Liu Xi-lin, Liu Jin-biao 2012, 16 (42):  7945-7950.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.030 Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (438KB) ( 581 )   Save BACKGROUND: The inflammatory cytokines, produced by synovial cells, monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes, play a major role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Interleukin-17, a recently found inflammatory cytokine, associates with many autoimmune diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between the levels of interleukin 17 related to Th17 cells in serum of rheumatoid arthritis patients and other laboratory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein and disease activity. METHODS: Seventy-nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis which line with classification criteria of rheumatoid arthritis revised by American Rheumatism Association in 1987 were selected from General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command (2008-01/2009-12), and the 79 patients were regarded as the experimental group; meanwhile, 50 healthy subjects who had the same gender and age with the experimental group were regarded as the control group. The experimental group was divided into activity group (n=49) and stable group (n=30) according the disease activity score in 28 joints. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay results showed that the level of interleukin 17 in peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and the level of interleukin 17 in the activity group was higher than that in the stable group (P < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed there was a positive correlation between interleukin 17 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, disease activity score in 28 joints in rheumatoid arthritis patients with active disease (r=0.459, 0.379, 0.455; P < 0.05). Interleukin-17 was involved in the inflammatory response of rheumatoid arthritis, and it could also reflect disease activity just as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, 28 joint disease activity score index do. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exercise-induced signaling mechanisms in skeletal muscle Li Shi-guang, Zhao Jian-bo, Gao Qian-jin, Li Shi-ping, Zhang Jia 2012, 16 (42):  7951-7955.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.031 Abstract ( 302 )   PDF (532KB) ( 448 )   Save BACKGROUND: Exercise can regulate glucose homeostasis by enhancing glucose transport and insulin action in contracting skeletal muscle. The definitude of the comprehensive molecular mechanism will undoubtedly provide more targets for treatment, as well as provide fundamental knowledge for this complex physiological process. OBJECTIVE: To review the molecular signals underlying mechanisms exercise-induced glucose transport in skeletal muscle. METHODS: Databases of PubMed and CNKI were searched by computer with the key words of “skeletal muscles, exercise, AMPK, glucose uptake, GLUT4” both in English and Chinese, respectively. Literatures concerning signaling mechanisms of skeletal muscles induced by exercises and published before 2011-11 were collected. Repetitive researches and Meta analysis articles were excluded. Totally 39 articles were included to review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exercises /contract and insulin are the most effective and physiological stimulation. The signals mechanism induced by exercises has represented an important step of targets development in diabetes treatment drug. Exercises have improved glucose homeostasis by enhancing glucose ingestion in skeletal muscle. And the glucose ingestion induced by exercises is mediated by multiple signal pathways, including adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, atypical protein kinase C, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases and AS160. The signals mechanisms in skeletal muscle regulate the glucose transport by stimulating the increase of the exercise of glucose transporter 4. Related Articles | Metrics

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Alveolar preservation after tooth loss: Artificial bone graft, guided bone regeneration, bone tissue engineering regeneration technology Xu Qian, Zhu Zhi-min 2012, 16 (42):  7956-7960.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.032 Abstract ( 448 )   PDF (591KB) ( 491 )   Save BACKGROUND: Alveolar bone plays an important role in denture stabilization and load bearing of bite force. It also has a great relationship with the treatment effect of prosthodontics. Therefore, it is particularly significant to avoid alveolar bone absorption and promote bone formation after tooth loss. OBJECTIVE: To summarized research progress about socket preservation and to discuss the negative effect about periodontal flap surgery and immediate implantation. METHODS: Computer-based online search of Medline database and CNKI database from 2005 to 2011 was performed. Key words were “alveolar preservation, socket preservation” in English. Duplicate articles were excluded. Finally, 34 articles were selected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It has a good result to apply growth factor, artificial bone graft, guided bone regeneration, bone tissue engineering regeneration technology to preserve alveolar bone. The periodontal flap surgery provides a broad vision when teeth extraction. But it accelerates the alveolar bone absorption. Immediate planting technology can not prevent alveolar bone absorption effectively. Therefore, it should take a consideration whether periodontal flap surgery and immediate planting technology is applied Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in animal models of chronic bronchitis Zheng Qiu-ju, Tan Jing, Yang Ren-da 2012, 16 (42):  7961-7964.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.033 Abstract ( 486 )   PDF (583KB) ( 599 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, many scholars have done a lot of studies on pathological features of chronic bronchitis based on animal model construction to further elucidate the genetic background of the incidence, predisposing factors, and pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the investigative situation and progression about animal models of chronic bronchitis at home and abroad. METHODS: Databases of CNKI and PubMed (1999-01/2011-10) were searched to retrieve the related articles about animal models of chronic bronchitis using the key words of “chronic bronchitis, animals, model” in Chinese and English, respectively. Finally, 24 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The methods to construct an animal model of chronic bronchitis mainly include chemical medicine, bacterial infection, passive smoking and composite method. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Up to now, there is no recognized ideal method that needs further studies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and characteristics of an energy metabolism laboratory Lu Qi,Zhu Xiao-mei 2012, 16 (42):  7965-7971.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.034 Abstract ( 469 )   PDF (674KB) ( 641 )   Save BACKGROUND: Many methods about the determination of energy consumption in human have limitations and are vulnerably affected by uncertainty factors, such as questionnaire investigation methods. Therefore, the energy metabolism laboratory acts as a “golden standard” for determining human energy consumption in the world recently. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the construction of energy metabolism laboratory, scaling methods and research progresses by using energy metabolism at abroad. METHODS: PubMed database was retrieved online by the first author for the papers concerning construction and application of the energy metabolism laboratory from 1900 to 2010. The key words for retrieve were “metabolic chamber, energy consumption” in English. Repetitive content was excluded, and totally 41 papers were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, there are several methods for determining energy consumption in human, such as doubly labeled water, portable gas analyzer and accelerometer methods. As the “golden standard” of the determination of human energy consumption, energy metabolism laboratory can evaluate physical activity rapidly and correctly. This article has related the construction of energy metabolism laboratory and the researches applied by energy metabolism laboratory, including diet, sport, racial energy metabolism, female energy metabolism, non-manual activity and energy consumption at low temperature. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of normal fractional exhaled nitric oxide value in 101 healthy people Li Xiao-juan, Feng Ji-hong, Sun Zeng-tao, Wei Bao-lin, Zhu Hai-yan 2012, 16 (42):  7972-7976.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.035 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (445KB) ( 881 )   Save BACKGROUND: Determination of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) can directly reflect airway inflammation. It is noninvasive, reproducible, rapid, and has good dependence in patients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate FENO normal value in healthy people. METHODS: Totally 101 different-age healthy people were measured EFNO with the NIOX Exhaled Nitric Oxide Monitoring System. Pulmonary ventilation function and allergen-IgE were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 101 healthy people’s FENO value was (5-58)×10-9. Average FENO value was 18.119×10-9, and normal range was (7.674-28.564)×10-9. Lower FENO value was found in female compared with male. The mean value in 51 female was 14.901×10-9, and that in 50 male people was 21.400×10-9. FENO value had no significant correlation with ages. The mean value in 20 to 29 years old and 60 to 80 years old health people was lower than 18.119×10-9, and that of 40 to 59 years old people was 21.3×10-9 that was highest. There was significant correlation in FENO value between gender and height. These results suggest that the FENO values of these101 healthy people were slightly higher than those of international reference value, which have significant correlation between gender and height. Related Articles | Metrics

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Polymorphisms of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene in ankylosing spondylitis patients who are Han nationality from Hubei Province You Hao, Cheng Cui-nian, Zhang Hui, Li Jia-sen, Li Yu-wan, Hu Xiao-hong, Hu Feng-ping, Zhou Shi-li, Gao Jin-song 2012, 16 (42):  7977-7980.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.036 Abstract ( 338 )   PDF (389KB) ( 405 )   Save BACKGROUND: Interleukin 1 (IL-1) gene cluster contains a major susceptibility locus for ankylosing spondylitis. Its polymorphisms are correlated with the susceptibility of ankylosing spondylitis. The study results are often different in different population. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between polymorphism of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) gene and patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The patients are the population of Han nationality of Hubei Province in China. METHODS: DNA samples were collected from 140 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 130 healthy as controls. The IL-1RN VNTR polymorphisms were determined by PCR method. All patients are of Han nationality and lived in Hubei Province for three generations at least. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the healthy controls, IL-1RN VNTR*2 allelic frequency in patients with ankylosing spondylitis was significant higher (P < 0.05). Related Articles | Metrics