Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2012, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (42): 7897-7900.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.42.021

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Expression of Smad2/3 in normal palate development and cleft palate formation during mouse embryogenesis

Wang Sha1, Song Rong1, Wang Li-ting1, Zhang Rui1, Si Qing-zong1, Wang Jian-lin2, Zhao Wang-hong1, 3   

  1. 1School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
    2School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
    3College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2012-03-14 Revised:2012-05-14 Online:2012-10-14 Published:2012-10-14
  • Contact: Wang Jian-lin, Doctor, Professor, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China jlwang@lzu.edu.cn
  • About author:Wang Sha★, Studying for master’s degree, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China kqwangsha@163.com

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Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Through in vitro organ culture studies, a few scholars consider that all-trans retinoic acid (at RA) can interfere with palatal expression, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression changes of Smad2/3 of palatal shelves in normal palatal development and cleft palate formation during mouse embryogenesis.
METHODS: Both sides of the embryonic mouse palatal shelves were induced by excess at RA so that they could not integrate at the midline. Then, a mouse model of cleft palate was established, and 54 C57BL/6J inbred pregnant mice were randomly divided into experimental group, vegetable oil control group and blank control group. At GD 10, the mice in the experimental group were subjected to once gastric perfusion with 100 mg/kg at RA, and those in the vegetable oil control group underwent lavage with 10mL/kg olive oil, while those in the blank control group had no treatment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Smad2/3 positive expression was increased gradually in the embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells from GD1318 to GD148, but few positive cells were observed after GD158, while this trend was also found in the experimental group. In addition, Smad2/3 positive expression at the same developmental time was more obvious than that of the vegetable oil control group. In palatal medial edge epithelium, with the integration of bilateral palatal shelves, the ridge in palate belt disappeared, and Smad2/3 expression was decreased significantly. In the experimental group，the integration did not appeared, besides, significant Smad2/3 positive cells were not found. There was no significant difference in Smad2/3 positive cell expression between the blank control and vegetable oil groups in normal palatal development and cleft palate formation during mouse embryogenesis. These results suggest that excess at RA can interfere with Smad2/3 expression in the embryonic palatal medial edge epithelium and embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells, and thereby influence epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in mice, which is closely related to the formation of cleft palate.

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