Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Exercise can regulate glucose homeostasis by enhancing glucose transport and insulin action in contracting skeletal muscle. The definitude of the comprehensive molecular mechanism will undoubtedly provide more targets for treatment, as well as provide fundamental knowledge for this complex physiological process.
OBJECTIVE: To review the molecular signals underlying mechanisms exercise-induced glucose transport in skeletal muscle.
METHODS: Databases of PubMed and CNKI were searched by computer with the key words of “skeletal muscles, exercise, AMPK, glucose uptake, GLUT4” both in English and Chinese, respectively. Literatures concerning signaling mechanisms of skeletal muscles induced by exercises and published before 2011-11 were collected. Repetitive researches and Meta analysis articles were excluded. Totally 39 articles were included to review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exercises /contract and insulin are the most effective and physiological stimulation. The signals mechanism induced by exercises has represented an important step of targets development in diabetes treatment drug. Exercises have improved glucose homeostasis by enhancing glucose ingestion in skeletal muscle. And the glucose ingestion induced by exercises is mediated by multiple signal pathways, including adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, atypical protein kinase C, Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases and AS160. The signals mechanisms in skeletal muscle regulate the glucose transport by stimulating the increase of the exercise of glucose transporter 4.