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19 February 2013, Volume 17 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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In vitro osteogenic induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on bone morphogenetic protein-2/injectable calcium sulfate carrier Xu Xiao-feng, Chen Chen, Chen Hai-ning, Chen Liang, Zhang Zhi-jian 2013, 17 (8):  1331-1520.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.001 Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (550KB) ( 655 )   Save BACKGROUND: Composite material of growth factor and scaffolds has the function of bone induction and conduction. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2/injectable calcium sulfate carrier on the in vitro osteogenic induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: The second generation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells suspension in good growth state was collected from Sprague Dawley rats, and then divided into three groups. In the experimental group, the cells suspension was dropped on the surface of bone morphogenetic protein-2/injectable calcium sulfate composite; in the control group, bone morphogenetic protein-2 was injected into the cells suspension; cells in the blank control group were cultured normally. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of the cells in three groups was increased with the prolonging of the incubation time, and the number of the cells in the experimental group was significantly larger than that in the control group and the blank control group (P < 0.05). The alkaline phosphatase activity at different culturing time points in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group and the blank control group (P < 0.05). In vitro experiment results showed that bone morphogenetic protein-2/injectable calcium sulfate carrier can promote the in vitro osteogenic induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A porous silk fibroin scaffold is requried for repair of critical-size mandibular defects in rabbits Tang Ming, Zhao Xia, Chen Xin, Cui Xi-dong, Wen Jian-chuan, Gao Hai-he 2013, 17 (8):  1337-1343.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.002 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (704KB) ( 584 )   Save BACKGROUND: Silk fibroin has excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of porous silk fibroin as a scaffold in repairing rabbit critical-size mandibular defects. METHODS: The rabbit models of critical-size mandibular defects were established. Randomly selected one side of mandibular defects was filled with porous silk fibroin scaffold as experimental group, and the other side served as control group without disposal. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The gross specimen showed: After 12 weeks, in the experimental group, the surfaces of bone defect cavities were completely covered by new bone tissues, without materials prolapsed; in the blank control group, bone defect cavities were full of granulation tissues. (2) X-ray bone density: As time after surgery on, both experimental group and control group had higher bone density, and 12 weeks > 6 weeks > 2 weeks (P < 0.05), as well as, the bone density in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group at the same period (P < 0.05). (3) Hematoxylin-eosin staining of histopatological slices: At 12 weeks after surgery, in the experimental group, new bone and islands of trabecular bone increased significantly, and became thicker and denser. Materials were obviously loose inside, some areas collapsed. In the control group, there were scattered new bone tissues in edges of host bone, and no coarse trabecular bone formed. (4) Bone morphogenetic protein-2 immunohistochemical staining: As time on, the number of bone morphogenetic protein-2 positive cells in new bone trabeculae increased to varied degrees after surgery in both experimental group and control group, and the difference within group was statistically significant (P < 0.05); at each time, the number of bone morphogenetic protein-2-positive cells in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the porous silk fibroin scaffold has certain feasibility for in situ bone tissue engineering to repair bone defects. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bio-oss combined with fibrin glue and bone morphogenetic protein-2 to repair mandibular defects Tian Gang, Xu Xiao-gang, Zhou Zhong-hua, Gao Jian-yong 2013, 17 (8):  1344-1348.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.003 Abstract ( 545 )   PDF (448KB) ( 539 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bio-oss granular structure is normally used for hole-shaped defects in the form of filling transplantation, but it is difficult to forming for more than three-wall defects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the osteogenic activities of Bio-oss after combination with fibrin glue and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the repair of canine mandibular defects. METHODS: The second and fourth premolar teeth and the second molar teeth were extracted bilaterally in nine hybrid canines, resulting in 1 cm × 1 cm bone defect. Bio-oss, Bio-oss+fibrin glue and Bio-oss+fibrin glue+bone morphogenetic protein-2 were implanted into bone defects of the second, fourth premolar teeth and the second molar teeth, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stage Ⅰ healing of soft tissues was achieved in all animals. Bio-oss was closely combined with fibrin glue, which was difficult to be separated. The proportion of new bone was higher in the Bio-oss+fibrin glue+bone morphogenetic protein-2 group than in the other two groups at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after extraction (P < 0.05). It shows that fibrin glue can solve the difficulty in Bio-oss formation, and Bio-oss combined with bone morphogenetic protein-2 can promote osteogenic activities. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Injectable bone regeneration composite in combination with assemble flavone of rhizome drynaria repairs rat skull defects Li Jin-yu, Jin He, Yu Xing, Xu Lin 2013, 17 (8):  1349-1353.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.004 Abstract ( 575 )   PDF (658KB) ( 577 )   Save BACKGROUND: Autogenous iliac bone graft has been considered as the “gold standard” for repair of bone defects, but its resource is limited. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of injectable bone regeneration composite (IBRC) combined withassemble flavone of rhizome drynaria (AFDR) in the repair of rat skull defects. METHODS: Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly arranged into three groups, and rats in each group were intragastrically administered with IBRC+AFDR, IBRC+deionized water, and hydroxyapatite+deionized water, respectively. Treatment was performed once a day, lasting for 8 weeks. Skull samples were taken for hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after modeling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: New bone formation and material degradation were slower in the hydroxyapatite+ deionized water group than the IBRC+AFDR and IBRC+deionized water groups. IBRC was beneficial for the in-growth of vessels and fibers. Intragastric administration of AFDR could induce bone formation through improving the growth of vessels and fibers into the implant. IBRC+AFDR can promote bone formation and shorten repair time during the repair of rat skull defects. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro fabrication of tissue engineering osteochondral composites Deng Tian-zheng, Lü Jing, Yang Jie-fei, Ke Jie 2013, 17 (8):  1354-1361.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.005 Abstract ( 390 )   PDF (752KB) ( 632 )   Save BACKGROUND: To design an integrated and biphasic scaffold that is cocultured with chondrocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal cells is beneficial to form good interface between bone and cartilage tissue. OBJECTIVE: To construct a bilayered scaffold based on imitating natural osteochondral matrix that is cocultured with chondrocyte and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells so as to observe the chondrogenic and osteogenic capacity of the composite tissue. METHODS: Gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronic acid and gelatin-ceramic bone porous scaffolds were prepared to be cocultured with chondrocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for osteogenic induction or non-osteogenic induction. MTT, glycosaminoglycan, alkaline phosphatase and hematoxylin-eosin staining were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MTT results showed the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan contents had no statistical difference between the osteogenic induction and non-osteogenic induction groups. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased gradually in the non-osteogenic induction group, but increased rapidly in the osteogenic induction group that became stable at 14 days. No significant difference was found in the results of hematoxylin-eosin staining between the two groups. Osteochondral-like tissues were found in the two groups with non-degradable scaffolds. Cell-free regions were scattered within the scaffolds owing to the incomplete matrix formation and scaffold degradation. This study proved that these two kinds of seed cells cocultured with the bilayer scaffold in vitro can form tissue engineering osteochondral composite tissues. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transfection of Schwann cells with neurotrophic factor-3 nanoparticles Zong Hai-bin, Jia Jin-ling, Dong Yu-zhen, Zhou Hui-cong 2013, 17 (8):  1362-1366.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.006 Abstract ( 638 )   PDF (491KB) ( 506 )   Save BACKGROUND: The technology of nanoparticle carrier transferring gene can carry or enhance plant cell sustainable stability, extend its release and maintain its activity and duration. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of nanoparticle carrier with neurotrophic factor-3 on transfection of Schwann cells in facilitating and repairing sciatic nerve defects. METHODS: The neurotrophic factor-3 genes were transfected to the Schwann cells of newborn Wistar rats with nanoparticle carrier. Eighty adult Wistar rats were selected to make the sciatic nerve defect model. Then four kinds of grafts were injected into the pipe bridge takeover of extracellular matrix gel-poly( lactide-co-glycolide): the blank control group was not injected with other substances, the cell group was injected with Schwann cells, the gene group was injected with neurotrophic factor-3 gene, and the experimental group was injected with neurotrophic factor-3 gene modified Schwann cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The staining of sciatic nerve and muscle fiber cross-sectional area was better in the experimental group than in the cell group and gene group (P < 0.01), which was better in the cell and gene groups than the blank control group (P < 0.01); but, there was no significant difference between the cell group and gene group (P > 0.05). It indicated that neurotrophic factor-3 gene modified Schwann cells transplantation can reconstruct the microenvironment of nerve regeneration and promote repair of sciatic nerve defects. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteoblast proliferation on the surface of titanium alloy modified by diamond-like carbon/casein phosphopeptide composite film Bu Yin-zhong, Wang Lin, Ran Hai-qiong, Chen Jun-lin, Zhang Jun-yan, Liu Bin 2013, 17 (8):  1367-1371.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.007 Abstract ( 372 )   PDF (450KB) ( 460 )   Save BACKGROUND: Titanium alloy surface modification with diamond-like carbon film can improve the friction and corrosion resistance of titanium alloy, but it is lack of biological activity. So fixing biological protein molecules on the diamond-like carbon surface is a kind of new biological chemical modification method. OBJECTIVE: To observe the proliferation and adhesion of osteoblasts on the titanium alloy surface modification with diamond-like carbon/casein phosphopeptide composite film. METHODS: Using unbalanced magnetron sputtering and multi-step assembly method diamond-like carbon/ casein phosphopeptide composite film was prepared on titanium alloy surface. The osteoblast suspension at logarithmic growth phase was seeded on the titanium alloy surface modified with or without the diamond-like carbon/casein phosphopeptide composite film. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the titanium alloy without modification, the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts were significantly increased after modification by diamond-like carbon /casein phosphopeptide composite film (P < 0.05). The scanning electron microscope showed the osteoblast body on the surface of titanium alloy increased significantly, presenting with rough surface, fuzzy boundaries, and fully stretched after modification by diamond-like carbon/casein phosphopeptide composite film, but the osteoblasts on the surface of titanium alloy without modification displayed smooth surface, clear boundary, not fully stretched. It is indicated that the prepared diamond-like carbon/casein phosphopeptide composite film can significantly increase the biological activity of titanium alloy. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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In vivo histocompatibility of nano-nydroxyapatite and polyurethane composites Guo Xiong-bo, Huang Zong-hai, Li Yan, Chen Fei, Yao Xiao-jun 2013, 17 (8):  1372-1377.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.008 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (576KB) ( 466 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nano-hydroxyapatite/polyurethane has been verified to have an excellent biocompatibility in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To explore the biocompatibility between nano-hydroxyapatite/polyurethane composite and mouse tissues. METHODS: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into nano-hydroxyapatite/polyurethane group, polyurethane group and control group. Polyurethane and nano-hydroxyapatite/polyurethane were implanted into the back of rats, respectively, in the polyurethane and nano-hydroxyapatite/polyurethane groups. Nothing was implanted in the control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Body observation: Incision and surrounding skin almost had no boundaries in all the groups 12 weeks after operation. The capsule wall of polyurethane and nano-hydroxyapatite/ polyurethane groups was confluent well with the implant materials, and the skin of the control group recovered. (2) Histology observation: The number of lymphocytes, neutrophils and capillary vessels around the incisions was higher in the polyurethane and nano-hydroxyapatite/polyurethane groups than the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, nano- hydroxyapatite/polyurethane group has fewer lymphocytes, neutrophils and capillary vessels than the polyurethane groups (P < 0.05). It is verified that nano-hydroxyapatite/polyurethane composite has a better histocompatibility. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nanosized As2O3/Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 complex treats esophageal cancer in vitro Lu Xin-l, Wang Yi-wei, Zhang Dong-sheng 2013, 17 (8):  1378-1383.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.009 Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (510KB) ( 542 )   Save BACKGROUND: Compared with traditional hyperthermia treatment, As2O3/Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 complex may have both the cytotoxicity effects and the targeted heating effects resulting from the radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia. OBJECTIVE: To prepare nanosized As2O3/Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 complex and to observe its growth inhibition effects on esophageal cancer cells Eca109. METHODS: The As2O3/Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 complex was made using impregnation process. Its properties were described through transmission electron microscope, energy spectrometer, and atomic fluorescence spectrometer. In in vitro test, two plates of Eca109 cell lines were co-cultured with nanosized As2O3/Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4, Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 or aqueous of As2O3, and then one of the plates was placed in an alternating magnetic field to rise to a therapeutic temperature, which is called magnetic fluid hyperthermia. The other plate of cells was cultured as usual. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The nanosized As2O3/Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 were approximately global examined by transmission electron microscope. The As content measured by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer was 0.012% to 0.066%. The proliferation ratio of the cells exposed to As2O3/Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 complex at the concentration of 5 μmol/L was significantly lower than that exposed to Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 alone or the negative control group (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of cells exposed to As2O3/Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 complex combined with magnetic fluid hyperthermia was much higher than that exposed alone to Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 with magnetic fluid hyperthermia or As2O3 (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that As2O3/Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 complex combined with magnetic fluid hyperthermia can significantly inhibit the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and in vitro release of Mestinon-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles Xu Mei-ling, Yang Lin, Liao Hong, Hu Xue-yuan, Zhang Jing-qing 2013, 17 (8):  1384-1389.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.010 Abstract ( 422 )   PDF (433KB) ( 528 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mestinon has been used for the symptomatic treatment of myasthenia gravis. It is very soluble in water, which may be responsible for the short half-life and poor bioavailability. The high dosing frequency may cause poor patient compliance. It is of great clinical significance to develop a Mestinon sustained release delivery system. OBJECTIVE: To prepare a Mestinon-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticle and to assess its in vitro release characteristics. METHODS: Mestinon-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticle was prepared by a double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Poly(lactic acid) was used as the carrier material. The single factor experiment was carried out to properly formulate Mestinon-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticle. The in vitro release test was investigated by a dialysis method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optimized conditions to prepare Mestinon-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticle were listed as follows: Dichloromethane was used as oil phase, the ratio between inner water phase and oil phase was 1:10, the poly(cactic acid) concentration was 6%, the polyvinyl alcohol concentration was 3%, and the amount of Mestinon was 40 mg. Mestinon-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticle prepared under the optimized conditions had an average particle size of 937 nm, an encapsulation efficiency of (67.59±1.46)% and a drug loading rate of (4.31±0.17)%. Mestinon-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticle displayed spherical shape with smooth surface and no aggregation was observed. Compared with free Mestinon, Mestinon-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticle had an initial burst release and subsequently a very slow release. The accumulated release rate of Mestinon-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticle was 57.03% at 72 hours. Mestinon-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticle with the good sustained-release characteristics could be successfully prepared. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluating cytotoxicity of four different dental metal materials toward L-929 cells using three assay systems Chen Yao-zhong, Liu Gen-di, Song Ping, Gao Feng 2013, 17 (8):  1390-1397.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.011 Abstract ( 480 )   PDF (648KB) ( 1057 )   Save BACKGROUND: Different methods to evaluate cytotoxicity of the same material may produce different results. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of nickel-chromium alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy, 3Cr13 stainless steel and pure titanium toward L-929 cells by using three assay systems. METHODS: The L-929 cells were cultivated in vitro in the extracts of four different dental metal materials (nickel-chromium alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy, 3Cr13 stainless steel and pure titanium) at 24 hours and 72 hours, separately. The L-929 cells, cultured in high-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, served as the negative control group. And cells, cultured in high-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 0.7% acrylamide, served as the positive control group. The detection methods for the cytotoxicity included MTT, cell counting kit-8 and crystal violet cell proliferation assay system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Microscopy showed that the L-929 cells, cultivated in the extracts of four different dental materials, were normal and their intracellular structure was clear. They proliferated well with extension of incubation time. There were no significant differences between the test and negative control groups at all times. However, the number of cells in the positive control group significantly reduced as compared with the negative control group. The morphological integrity destroyed and a lot of cell debris formed. (2) After culture for 24 hours, the cell counting kit-8 assay revealed that the relative growth rate of the cobalt-chromium alloy group was significantly lower than that of the negative group (P < 0.05), while the MTT and crystal violet assay revealed that there were no significant differences in cell viability between the cobalt-chromium alloy and negative control group (P > 0.05). After culture for 72 hours, the MTT assay revealed that the relative growth rate of four dental metal materials groups was significantly lower than that of the negative group (P < 0.01), while the cell counting kit-8 and crystal violet assay revealed that there were no significant differences in cell viability between the four dental metal materials and negative control group (P > 0.05). The cytotoxicity of the tested dental metal materials was grade 0-1, which meets the safety standard. These indicate that these four dental metal materials have good biological safety. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Apexification of abnormal central cusp teeth with four kinds of calcium hydroxide preparations Nie Er-min, Chen Xia-yun, Zhang Chun-yuan, Jiang Rui, Xia Yin-hua 2013, 17 (8):  1398-1403.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.012 Abstract ( 586 )   PDF (387KB) ( 696 )   Save BACKGROUND: Great achievements of calcium hydroxide which is used to induce the apical seal have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differences in clinical efficacy of apexification with four kinds of calcium hydroxide preparations. METHODS: Totally 127 patients with periapical lesions for abnormal central cusp were selected and underwent the apexification respectively with the Vitapex (n=31), the Metapex (n=32), the calcium hydroxide cataplasm (n=34) and the calcium hydroxide powder (n=30). X-ray observation of the tooth apex was made at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Induction cycle: There was a significant difference between groups (P < 0.001), except for the Vitapex group and Metapex group. (2) Induction effect: The success rates in three groups of Vitapex, Metapex and calcium hydroxide cataplasm were higher than that in the group of calcium hydroxide powder (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the first three groups. There was a good root induction in three groups of Vitapex, Metapex and calcium hydroxide cataplasm, and the induction cycle was shorter in Vitapex and Metapex groups. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of nano-TiO2:C thin film coating Mai Li-xiang, Zhang Sheng, Xie Yong-jian, Xie Bin, Wang Da-wei, Zhang Zhi-guang 2013, 17 (8):  1404-1410.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.013 Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (599KB) ( 862 )   Save BACKGROUND: In previous experiments, TiO2:C thin film coating have been prepared on the surface of titanium paper by sol-gel process. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility of nanometer TiO2:C thin film coating. METHODS: Hemolysis test: New Zealand white rabbit venous blood was extracted and added into the TiO2-normal saline, TiO2:C-normal saline, distilled water and fresh normal saline. Cytotoxicity test: TiO2:C leaching liquor was added into the L929 cell culture medium in the logarithmic growth phase. Short-term systemic toxicity test: 60 BALB/C mice were randomly divided into three groups and lavaged with leaching liquor extracted from TiO2, TiO2:C coatings and normal saline. Oral mucosa stimulation test: the gutta-percha wafer and the nano-TiO2:C thin film coating were sutured and fixed to the cheek pouch of inaurate hamster. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Acute hemolysis was not induced by nano-TiO2:C thin film coating. Toxicity level of nano-TiO2:C thin film coating was 0-1. It had no obvious toxicity to the cells. There was no obvious abnormality of cell cycle. TiO2:C leaching liquor had no short-term systemic toxicity on mice and no stimulation to oral mucosa of hamster. The results showed that nano-TiO2:C thin film coatings have good bio-security. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and activity of rabbit platelet-rich plasma Wang Peng-fei, Shi Chang-jiang, Wang Yu-liang, Jiang Wen-xue 2013, 17 (8):  1411-1417.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.014 Abstract ( 359 )   PDF (530KB) ( 950 )   Save BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma is an autogeneic extract containing and releasing a variety of growth factors, which has been used in the research of bone and cartilage tissue engineering and regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preparation methods of platelet-rich plasma and its influencing factors by comparing the platelet concentration in the platelet-rich plasma prepared by different methods in rabbits and detecting the levels of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor β1. METHODS: Platelet-rich plasma was prepared by the methods of Petrungaro, Landesberg and Aghaloo. Platelet amount was counted in the platelet-rich plasma prepared using three methods as well as platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 levels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in the platelet count, platelet recovery rate and platelet enrichment coefficient in the platelet-rich plasma prepared by these three methods (P < 0.001). The effective concentration of platelet-rich plasma could be prepared by the methods of Landesberg and Aghaloo, and the platelet concentration and activity prepared by Aghaloo method was higher than that prepared by Landesberg method with a statistical difference (P < 0.05). The levels of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 in the inactivated platelet-rich plasma were not statistically different from those in the normal plasma and platelet-poor plasma. The levels of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 in the activated platelet-rich plasma prepared by Landesberg and Aghaloo methods were significantly higher than before activation (P < 0.001), especially in the activated platelet-rich plasma prepared by Aghaloo method (P < 0.05). The platelet count in the platelet-rich plasma was positively correlated with the levels of platelet-derived growth factor (r=0.872, P < 0.001) and transforming growth factor β1 (r=0.917, P < 0.001). Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Embolization of dog’s bilateral internal iliac arteries with gelfoam powder Wang Wei, Yin Zong-sheng, Li Ye-tian, Qin Kun-peng 2013, 17 (8):  1418-1422.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.015 Abstract ( 465 )   PDF (522KB) ( 499 )   Save BACKGROUND: Gelfoam has become the preferred embolization agent for preoperative embolism in the operation of sacral tumor, but the contribution of small gelfoam to embolization effectiveness and postoperative complications has not been definitely reported. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in intraoperative bleeding and complications following embolization of dog’s bilateral internal iliac arteries with gelfoam powder. METHODS: The bilateral internal iliac and median sacral arteries of fifteen dogs were embolized using gelfoam powder with a diameter of 50-150 μm. Then, the operation of sacral tumor was imitated to measure intraoperative bleeding at 1, 2, and 3 days after embolization, observing pathological alteration of pelvic organs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mean intraoperative bleeding was higher at 3 days than at 1 and 2 days (P < 0.0.5), but it was no difference at 1 and 2 days (P > 0.05). When gelfoam power with a diameter of 50-150 μm was employed to embolize the bilateral internal iliac and median sacral arteries, the smallest embolized artery was arteriole whose diameter was about 50 μm, but embolized arteries were mainly arterioles with a diameter of 100-200 μm. The first-class branches of embolized bilateral internal iliac and median sacral arteries were reserved which were displayed on the digital subtraction angiography. In addition, pelvic organs had no obvious pathological alteration. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extra-Care soft contact lenses: Clinical efficacy and safety He Yue, Lü Hong-bin, Ouyang Ke, Gan Jin-hua, Xu Mei, Yu Ling, Zhang Xi-bo 2013, 17 (8):  1423-1429.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.016 Abstract ( 542 )   PDF (471KB) ( 685 )   Save BACKGROUND: Extra-Care soft contact lenses are made of hydrogel, and their water content, oxygen permeability coefficient and refractive index have reached national standards. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Extra-Care soft contact lenses compared with TB soft contact lenses. METHODS: Totally 135 volunteers were enrolled in this trial, and randomly divided into trial group treated with Extra-Care soft contact lenses and control group treated with TB soft contact lenses. Subjective symptoms, visual clarity, stability of visual acuity, lens comfort, lens positioning, lens covering, foreign body sensation, corneal punctate staining, limbal hyperemia and tear breakup time were evaluated immediately, 7 days, 30 days and 90 days after wearing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in the visual clarity, stability of visual acuity, lens positioning, lens covering, foreign body sensation, corneal punctate staining, limbal hyperemia and tear film breakup time between the two groups. However, the lens comfort in the trial group was superior to that in the control group (P < 0.05). The results indicated that Extra-Care soft contact lenses are effective and safe, improving lens comfort. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mannose-6-phosphate effects on collagen production and adhesion formation of the flexor tendon Zhu Hong, Cao Wen, Li Ya-juan, Yang Xuan-ying, Xia Chang-suo 2013, 17 (8):  1430-1434.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.017 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (468KB) ( 457 )   Save BACKGROUND: It has been confirmed that exogenous mannose-6-phosphate can inhibit type Ⅰ collagen production in tendon cells and prevent tendon adhesion after repair of flexor tendon injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preventive effect of mannose-6-phosphate on adhesion formation following flexor tendon repair. METHODS: Seventy-two adult New Zealand White rabbit forepaws underwent sharp transection of the middle digit flexor digitorum profundus and immediate repair, and then were randomly divided into experimental (injected with mannose-6-phosphate) and control (injected with normal saline) groups. Tendons were harvested at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, and biomechanics testing, histological evaluation and scanning electron microscope observation were conducted. In situ hybridization method was performed to determine the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 and type Ⅰ collagen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 4 and 8 weeks after operation, the suture line was smooth, the gliding excursion ratio of the flexor tendon was higher, and the tendon sliding was constrained less in the experimental group as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the tensile strength of tendon anastomosis between the two groups (P > 0.05). Scanning electron microscope and histological observation showed that collagen fibers arranged irregularly in the control group, but arranged regularly in the experimental group. The in situ hybridization examination revealed that transforming growth factor beta 1 and type Ⅰ collagen mRNA expression in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that mannose-6-phosphate can inhibit the function of the transforming growth factor beta 1 effectively in the flexor tendon repair and prevent adhesion formation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds using rapid prototyping Zhang Jian-ming, Zhang Xi-zheng, Li Rui-xin, Ren Ting-ting, Li Hao, Wang He-yan, Hao Qing-xin, Wan Zong-ming, Li Jian-yu, Liu Lu 2013, 17 (8):  1435-1440.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.018 Abstract ( 447 )   PDF (790KB) ( 837 )   Save BACKGROUND: Rapid Prototyping is a high-tech manufacturing technique based on material accumulation to be combined with computer, numerical control, laser and material technologies. OBJECTIVE: To review the application of rapid prototyping in the preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds. METHODS: The first author retrieved Wanfang, CNKI, and Elsevier Science Direct Online for articles about biomechanical ability and developmental prospect of scaffold materials, as well as the application of rapid prototyping in the preparation of scaffold materials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rapid prototyping has become mature gradually in the preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds. This technology can not only overcome the difficulty in shaping and internal microstructural control, but also optimize the scaffold structure via the finite element analysis, achieving some special requirements such as the improvement of mechanical strength. However, due to the particularity of tissue organ, and xenophobic sex and cell adhesion conditions, it is pre-requisite to combine rapid prototyping technology with biodegradable materials with histocompatibility in order to make the cells proliferation and differentiation better, promote tissue regeneration, and repair tissue defects. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Artificial ligament repairs the injured cruciate ligament of the knee joint Yu Miao, Liu Yi-bing 2013, 17 (8):  1441-1448.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.019 Abstract ( 648 )   PDF (727KB) ( 957 )   Save BACKGROUND: The previous main methods for the treatment of cruciate ligament injury of the keen joint are transplantation and reconstruction, and the most commonly used graft materials are autologous patellar tendon bone, semitendinosus and gracilis tendon. But grafts can lead to complications in the drawn district and a variety of issues during ligament process. In recent years, the research of artificial ligament has become a hot spot. OBJECTIVE: To understand the structure and blood supply of cruciate ligament of the keen joint, and to investigate the mechanism and clinical characteristics of artificial ligament reconstruction for cruciate ligament injury of the keen joint. METHODS: The tissue structure and functional features of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee joint as well as the difference of blood supply were analyzed. The type and biomechanical mechanisms of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament injury of the knee joint were analyzed. Classification and characteristics of the materials for repairing cruciate ligament injury of the knee joint were analyzed, as well as the factors affecting the joint stability after artificial ligament repairing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Before the repairing of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament injury of the knee joint, the function and blood supply of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments should be considered, in order to select the suitable reconstruction material, thus making the reconstruction process simply and easy to operate. The suitable reconstruction materials have good histocompatibility which is beneficial for anatomical and functional reconstruction after repairing. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Platelet gel preparation methods and relevant parameters Wen Tian-yang, Wang Ai-hong, Xu Zhang-rong 2013, 17 (8):  1449-1454.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.020 Abstract ( 423 )   PDF (506KB) ( 616 )   Save BACKGROUND: The preparation methods of platelet gel are various, but there is no uniform standard. OBJECTIVE: To conclude the methods of platelet gel preparation and to explore the relevant parameters. METHODS: The first author searched the PubMed and Wanfang databases for relevant articles published from 1990 to 2011 using the keywords of “platelet gel, classification, parameters” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are two main parameters to classify the different preparation methods, which are the yield and composition of gel and the fibrin network of gel. According to the two main parameters, the preparation methods of platelet gel can be classified into four categories, namely, pure platelet-rich plasma, leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma, pure platelet-rich fibrin, and leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin. According to the preparation process, the preparation methods of PRP gel also can be divided into manual protocol and automatic protocol. There are inadequacies in all the preparation methods. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological scaffolds for pulp-dentin tissue engineering Liu Lin, Bao Guang-jie 2013, 17 (8):  1455-1460.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.021 Abstract ( 476 )   PDF (650KB) ( 678 )   Save BACKGROUND: For tissue engineering strategies, the choice of an appropriate scaffold is a crucial step. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the application of scaffold materials in pulp-dentin tissue engineering. METHODS: The first author searched PubMed and Wanfang databases (1993/2012) for relevant articles about scaffold materials used in pulp-dentin tissue engineering. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A vast variety of biomaterials including natural materials, synthetic materials, and composite materials are available in pulp-dentin tissue engineering. Each material has its unique biological properties. Among them, collagen, polyester and hydroxyapatite scaffolds have been greatly studied. Self-assembling peptide hydrogel made from amino acid is a new-type scaffold that meets most of the demands of an ideal pulp-dentin tissue engineering scaffold. Therefore, self-assembling peptide hydrogel is a promising pulp-dentin tissue engineering scaffold. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological security of nickel-chromium alloys in the dentistry Hao Gang 2013, 17 (8):  1461-1464.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.022 Abstract ( 414 )   PDF (522KB) ( 580 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nickel-chromium alloys have been widely applied in the oral restoration. Ions released from the alloy, however, exert a side effect or result in adverse biological reactions. OBJECTIVE: To review the cytotoxicity of nickel metal used in nickel-chromium alloy, the amount of precipitation of nickel ions from the alloy, and clinical safety of nickel-chromium alloy materials. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and Wanfang databases was performed for articles related to biological security of nickel-chromium alloys in the oral restoration published between 2004 and 2009. The key words were Ni-Cr alloy, cytotoxicity, prosthodontics, security in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 14 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nickel-chromium alloy has been clinically used for a long time. Because of its low price, good combination with gold porcelain, and relatively simple production process, the nickel-chromium alloy has been widely applied in the oral restoration. In recent years, adverse effects of nickel-chromium alloy have received widespread concern. But there is no evidence that the toxic ions released from nickel-chromium porcelain were precipitated in saliva environment, probably resulting in toxic reaction to cells exposed to the oral and the whole body. It has been proved that the nickel-chromium alloy can be allowed for clinical application. It should be noted that nickel-chromium alloys with higher content of chromium is preferred in the preparation of porcelain crowns. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone cement is required for multi-segment osteoporotic compression fractures Zeng Yi-wen1,,Xu Jian-an, Gui Jian-chao, Ma Yong 2013, 17 (8):  1465-1472.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.023 Abstract ( 602 )   PDF (665KB) ( 579 )   Save BACKGROUND: Vertebral osteoporotic compression fractures often occur in the elderly with serious bone calcium loss, and light external forces can cause vertebral fractures. The percutaneous vertebroplasty developed recently has better effect for the treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and material characteristics of bone cement for the treatment of multi-segment osteoporotic compression fractures. METHODS: Thirty-two patients (158 vertebral bodies) with osteoporotic compression fractures were treated with bone cement through percutaneous vertebroplasty. Review X-ray and CT scanning were performed after treatment to understand the fracture vertebra reduction, changes of vertebral capacity, bone cement distribution and leakage situation. The change of the volume of vertebral body before and after treatment was detected with CT volumetric analysis, the change of visual analog scale was observed and the reason for bone cement leakage was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the 32 patients (158 vertebral bodies) were included in the final analysis. There were no nerve root and spinal cord injuries, no pulmonary embolism and no cardiovascular system acute response after injection of bone cement. All the patients were followed-up for 6-16 months after treatment, averaged in 10 months, and there were no serious complications or vertebral collapse. The vertebral volume before treatment was (22.2±8.6) cm3 and increased to (24.8±6.9) cm3 after treatment, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). Six vertebral bodies appeared bone cement leakage, including two bone cement leakage in spinal epidural and four bone cement leakage in paravertebral vein, and the leakage may related to the posterior margin burst, low bone cement viscosity and fast injection speed. The visual analog scale score (2.2±3.7) at 48 hours after treatment was significantly lower than (8.3±1.6) before treatment (t=25.2, P < 0.05). The adequate pre-treatment preparation, proper method, suitable bone cement materials combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty is safe and feasible for the treatment of multi-segment osteoporotic compression fractures, which can significantly alleviate pain in the patients, and we should pay attention to prevent the leakage of bone cement during operation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics and experimental application of polylactic acid copolymer composite sustained-release drug materials Wang Dan, Jiang Hang-hang 2013, 17 (8):  1473-1480.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.024 Abstract ( 400 )   PDF (692KB) ( 560 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polylactic acid copolymer composite sustained-release drug materials can reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, extend the action time and improve the effect of the drugs, and it is the hot spot of the drug research recently. OBJECTIVE: To identify the characteristics and experimental application of various polylactic acid copolymer composite sustained-release drug materials. METHODS: Different types of drugs were copolymerized with the polylactic acid to form the polylactic acid copolymer composite sustained-release drug materials, and the drug release characteristics and the treatment effect of various polylactic acid copolymer composite sustained-release drug materials in the animal experimental studies were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Studies have found that many types of drug can be copolymerized with the polylactic acid and form the polylactic acid copolymer composite sustained-release drug material system, including the anti-tumor drugs, anti-bacterial drugs, anti-viral drugs, anti-tuberculosis drugs, drugs for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the metabolic drugs. The drugs above can prolong the action time, effectively stabilize the plasma concentration, obtain the role of targeted therapy and significantly improve the treatment effect after copolymerized with the polylactic acid and form the polylactic acid copolymer composite sustained-release drug material system. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Different release properties and targeting effects of sustained-release drugs for the treatment of gastric cancer Zhang Wei, Kang Hai-han, Zhang Yong-lei, Kong Ye, Hua Ya-wei 2013, 17 (8):  1481-1488.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.025 Abstract ( 424 )   PDF (718KB) ( 534 )   Save BACKGROUND: The delivery system of chemotherapy drugs can improve the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy drugs on gastric cancer, and it is a hot spot of the research of drug materials. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate release properties and targeting effects of sustained-release drugs for the treatment of gastric cancer. METHODS: The 5-fluorouracil polylactic acid sustained-release drugs, 5-fluorouracil chitosan sustained-release drugs, nano-activated carbon mitomycin sustained-release drugs and chitosan cisplatin sustained-release drugs were prepared through different methods. Sustained-release performance and characteristics of the drugs above were detected, and the targeting effects and therapeutic effect of the drugs on gastric cancer were identified. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 5-fluorouracil polylactic acid sustained-release drugs, 5-fluorouracil chitosan sustained-release drugs, nano-activated carbon mitomycin sustained-release drugs and chitosan cisplatin sustained-release drugs have good sustained-release properties which can prolong the effective time of drugs on tumor tissues, help the chemotherapy drugs play a stronger inhibition and killing effect on gastric cancer cells, improve prognosis and prolong the survival of patients with gastric cancer. In addition, the application of peritoneal perfusion of chemotherapy drugs can further improve the killing effect of chemotherapy drugs on gastric cancer tissues. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of chitosan antitumor sustained-release drugs Ling Ya-qin 2013, 17 (8):  1489-1496.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.026 Abstract ( 393 )   PDF (593KB) ( 628 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tumor is serious harmful to human health, and the application of effective chemical drug therapy has great significance. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mechanism and the therapeutic effect of drug-loaded chitosan sustained-release system on the treatment of tumor. METHODS: The mechanism and the therapeutic effect of drug-loaded chitosan sustained-release system on the treatment of tumor was analyzed, as well as the characteristics and anti-tumor effect of chitosan and various chitosan-loaded anti-tumor drugs, such as doxorubicin, epirubicin, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil and paclitaxel. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Chitosan anti-tumor-sustained release drug materials have good drug release properties and anti-tumor properties, it can load variety of commonly used antitumor drugs, control the drug release rate, extend the drug action time, maintain the effective drug concentration and decrease the toxicity and side effects of drugs, it also has targeting effect on tumor and tissues and organs, and it can increase the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on tumor significantly. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Targeting effect and application of liver cancer targeting vector drugs He Er-xia, Nie Zhong-shi, Zhang Ying-hui, Lin Hai-feng 2013, 17 (8):  1497-1504.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.027 Abstract ( 361 )   PDF (689KB) ( 582 )   Save BACKGROUND: Liver cancer is one of the common malignant tumor, and choosing the effective therapy and treatment method has great significance for the treatment of liver cancer. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the targeting therapy effect of the carrier sustained-release chemotherapy drugs for the treatment of liver cancer. METHODS: The clinical commonly used liver cancer chemotherapy drugs included the 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin and epirubicin vector sustained-release system, and the tumor targeting characteristics and suppression and killing effect of these cancer chemotherapy drugs on the tumor were analyzed. A total of 163 patients with advanced liver cancer were selected from Department of Medical Oncology, Hainan Provincial Nong Ken Hospital. The patients were treated with 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin and epirubicin combined with the adjuvant treatment of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, and then the clinical effect was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin and epirubicin vector sustained release system show the targeting characteristics to liver tumor through different mechanisms, and have strong inhibiting and killing effect on liver tumors. And the cancer chemotherapy drugs can reduce the drug consumption, decrease the toxicity side effect and thus improve the therapeutic effect. In addition, the combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization can prolong the survival of the patients and improve the therapeutic effect of liver cancer. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hemocompatibility of anticoagulant biomaterials Zhang Ming-hua, Zheng Hai-yan 2013, 17 (8):  1505-1512.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.028 Abstract ( 710 )   PDF (594KB) ( 1088 )   Save BACKGROUND: Experts believe that the improvement of hemocompatibility of the anticoagulant biomaterials can significantly improve the anticoagulant properties of the anticoagulant biomaterials. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hemocompatibility of the polyester-based and titanium-based anticoagulant biomaterials. METHODS: The effect of polyester-based and titanium-based anticoagulant biomaterials on the level of red blood cells, platelets, albumin, fibrin and coagulation factors was explored through searching the relative literatures. The anticoagulant properties of the polyester-based and titanium-based anticoagulant biomaterials were analyzed through the hemolysis test, dynamic blood coagulation test, platelet adhesion test, serum protein adsorption experiment recalcification test and lactate dehydrogenase releasing test, thus the hemocompatibility of the polyester-based and titanium-based anticoagulant biomaterials was evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The hemolysis rate of polyester-based and titanium-based anticoagulant biomaterials was significantly decreased, and the polyester-based and titanium-based anticoagulant biomaterials have less platelet adhesion and increased adsorption amount of albumin, and the fibrinogen adsorption was significantly reduced, the recalcification time and clotting time was significantly prolonged. The polyester-based and titanium-based anticoagulant biomaterials show a higher anti-clotting property, which are ideal anticoagulant biomaterials. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthetic dressing for the treatment of skin Ⅱ degree burns Wang Qing-hua, Su Qiu-mei 2013, 17 (8):  1513-1520.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.029 Abstract ( 972 )   PDF (758KB) ( 1565 )   Save BACKGROUND: Some basic experiments have shown that wound healing in the moist environment is better than that in the dry environment, and the research on the synthetic dressing is important for skin wound healing. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of synthetic dressing on the treatment of skin Ⅱ degree burns. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with skin Ⅱ degree burns were selected from the Department of Outpatient, Hainan General Hospital. The wounds were divided into treatment group and control group. The patients in the treatment group were treated with synthetic dressing to cover the burn wound, and the patients in the control group were treated with Iodophor gauze or Vaseline gauze. The effects of these methods on the wound healing and pain were observed after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the patients were included in final analysis. The average wound healing time of the treatment group was (9.8±3.1) days, and the average wound healing time of the control group was (13.1±2.2) days, and there was significant difference in the average healing time between two groups (P < 0.01); the degree of the pain of wound in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The application of synthetic dressing (Mepiform or Mölnlycke) for the treatment of skin Ⅱ degree burns can shorten the wound healing time and reduce the wound pain markedly. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics