Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (30): 4883-4889.doi: 10.12307/2023.801

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Application of carbon dots-based materials in bone tissue engineering

Zhang Qingmei1, Zhang Lupeng1, Du Xiujuan1, Li Bing2   

  1. 1School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China; 2School of Stomatology of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2022-05-05 Accepted:2022-07-08 Online:2023-10-28 Published:2023-04-03
  • Contact: Li Bing, MD, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, School of Stomatology of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Qingmei, MD, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 11704274 (to ZQM)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Carbon dots show a great potential in improving the properties of materials such as polymers and bioceramics and promoting bone differentiation, so carbon dots-based bone scaffold materials are expected to be a new type of bone repair candidate. 
OBJECTIVE: To provide some references for the rational design of carbon dots-based scaffold materials by introducing the application of carbon dots-based materials in bone tissue engineering. 
METHODS: Articles published between 2014 and 2022 in the WanFang Data and Web of Science were searched by the first author with the search terms “carbon dots, bone tissue engineering, bone scaffold materials” in Chinese and “carbon dots, carbon-based nanomaterials, bone tissue engineering, bone scaffold materials” in English. A total of 75 articles were finally analyzed and summarized. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The primitive carbon dots-based materials and carbon dots-based composites have the advantages of diverse synthesis methods and simple operation, wide material sources and green environmental protection, but their ability to repair bone defects in vivo is insufficient, as well as biosafety, biodegradation and clinical adaptability need to be further evaluated. (2) Carbon dots-based fiber materials have excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability and biodegradability required for bone scaffolds, and are a new bone repair material with great advantages and application prospects. At present, the bone repair capacity applied in vivo is limited, so it is necessary to combine with bone morphogenic protein, growth factors and vascularization factors to further improve the bone repair ability. (3) Carbon dots-based hydrogel scaffold material has shown a great potential in repairing bone defects and is the best carbon dots-based scaffold material reported to repair bone defects. However, the preparation process of the material is complex and the cycle is long, so it is necessary to further explore alternative methods of synthesis that are simple and easy to make and have short cycles. (4) Primitive carbon dots-based materials, carbon dots-based composites, carbon dots-based fiber materials and carbon dots-based hydrogel materials have their advantages and disadvantages, in which the carbon dots-based hydrogels have the best effect on repairing bone defects at present. (5) The application of carbon dots-based materials to bone tissue engineering is still in the early stage of exploration, and the hemolysis, biodegradation, metabolic process and post-healing evaluation in vivo need to be further studied, and its mechanical properties, thermal stability and the ability of bone repair need to be further improved. (6) It is necessary to combine a variety of tests and characterization methods to deeply analyze the bone mechanism of carbon dots-based materials, which is the premise of designing and applying to clinical carbon dots-based bone scaffold materials. 

Key words: carbon dots, bone scaffold materials, bone tissue engineering, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, primitive carbon dots-based materials, carbon dots-based composite, carbon dots-based fiber material, carbon dots-based hydrogel material, bone morphogenetic protein, alkaline phosphatase

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