Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (30): 4896-4903.doi: 10.12307/2023.559

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Application of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer microspheres in bone tissue engineering

Zhang Xiaoyu, Chen Qi, Yang Xing, Hao Yuefeng   

  1. Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2022-09-08 Accepted:2022-10-28 Online:2023-10-28 Published:2023-04-03
  • Contact: Hao Yuefeng, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Xiaoyu, Master candidate, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, No. BK20211083 (to HYF); Medical Key Discipline Project of Suzhou, No. SZXK202111 (to HYF)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer microspheres have good biocompatibility, biosafety and biodegradability. They are widely used in bone tissue engineering as a carrier. However, they still have some shortcomings, such as a lack of hydrophilicity, the acidity of by-products, lack of functionalization, etc. Therefore, different modifications are needed for better application.
OBJECTIVE: To review the application of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer microspheres in bone tissue engineering.
METHODS: With “poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer microsphere, PLGA microsphere, growth factor, drug delivery, modified, functional modification, composite scaffold, bone tissue engineering” as the search terms in English, the original articles collected from January 2000 to June 2022 in Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched, and screened and analyzed. Finally, 83 articles were selected for review.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The physical and chemical properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres are related to the ratio of lactic acid to glycolic acid, molecular weight and terminal groups. At present, the ratio of lactic acid to glycolic acid is 75:25, the molecular weight is 75 000-100 000, and the carboxyl terminated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer is widely used in the preparation of microspheres. (2) Now the commonly used preparation methods mainly include emulsification, microfluidic technology, electric spray, spray drying and supercritical fluid method. The specific preparation methods should be selected according to the application requirements and production conditions of microspheres. With the development of technology, there will be a more stable and efficient production method. (3) The modification of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer microspheres includes the loading of growth factors and drugs, functional modification and the construction of composite scaffolds based on microspheres. Loading growth factors can promote cell differentiation and angiogenesis, thus promoting the repair and regeneration of bone tissue. Loading drugs can treat a variety of bone diseases. Complex inorganic minerals can improve the mechanical properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and provide trace elements for bone tissue growth, which are used in the treatment of bone defects. By increasing the ability of microspheres to regulate the secretion and activity of cells, participating in the immune regulation of diseases can provide new ideas for disease treatment. The composite scaffold based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer microspheres can not only increase the original advantages of the scaffold, but also increase the ability of minimally invasive drug delivery and slow release. However, the clinical application needs to be further developed. (4) In the future, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer microspheres are expected to develop different modification methods according to the different needs of bone tissue engineering, so as to produce microspheres with specific functions for different diseases.

Key words: poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer microsphere, growth factor, drug deliver, modified, functional modification, composite scaffold, bone tissue engineering

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