Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (34): 5546-5553.doi: 10.12307/2023.560

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Natural small molecular compounds in the treatment of bone-related diseases by regulating type H blood vessels and its application in tissue engineering

Xu Zhengyi, Wan Qianbing, Chen Junyu   

  1. Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2022-09-22 Accepted:2022-10-28 Online:2023-12-08 Published:2023-04-23
  • Contact: Chen Junyu, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Xu Zhengyi, Master candidate, Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 81901060, 82270961 (to CJY); Special Funded Project of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No. 2021T140483 (to CJY)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Type H blood vessels, a specific subtype of vessels newly discovered in recent years, have been identified to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis. They play an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of the skeletal system. Natural small molecular compounds have the advantages of widespread sources, low toxic and side effects. In recent years, studies have found that natural small molecular compounds can regulate type H blood vessels. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the basic characteristics of type H blood vessels and discuss the application status and prospect of several natural small molecular compounds in the treatment of bone-related diseases. 
METHODS: The literature search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI and WanFang databases. Relevant articles published from January 2014 to June 2022 were researched with the key words of “type H vessel, natural small molecular compounds, natural small molecule drugs, active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine” in Chinese and “type H vessel, H-type vessel, type H microvessel, type H blood vessel, CD31hiEmcnhi endothelial cell, CD31hiEndomucinhi blood vessel, CD31(hi)Emcn(hi) endothelial cell, specific vessel subtype, natural small molecular compounds, Chinese medicine, Chinese traditional medicine, Chinese plant extracts” in English. After reading the titles and abstracts, repetitive studies, low-quality or irrelevant articles were excluded. Finally, 65 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Type H vessel is a special subtype of blood vessels mainly found in the metaphysis and endosteum of long bones, and also exist in other types of bones. At most sites, type H vessels are arranged linearly with a distinctive columnar or palisade-like structure. Moreover, type H blood vessels have significant age-related changes in length and abundance of vascular buds. (2) Type H vessels play an important role in couple angiogenic and osteogenic processes via blood flow as well as the recruitment and regulation of osteoblasts lineage and osteoclast lineage. (3) Type H vessels are important in the occurrence and development of bone disease. Natural small molecular compounds show a good prospect in the study of treating bone-related diseases including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, bone fracture, and unloading-induced bone loss via regulating type H blood vessels. For example, diterbutyl phthalate, the extract of Panax notoginseng, blunted the aberrant formation of type H vessels to prevent osteoarthritis progression. Ginsenoside compound K, the extract of Panax ginseng, can promote the formation of type H vessels in callus and accelerate fracture healing. (4) In view of the prospective effect of tissue engineering scaffolds loading drugs and cytokines on type H blood vessels in the treatment of bone diseases and natural small molecular compounds in regulating type H blood vessels, the combination of tissue engineering scaffolds and natural small molecular compounds to regulate type H blood vessels is a potential strategy.

Key words: type H vessel, natural small molecular compound, bone tissue engineering, angiogenesis, bone metabolism, osteoarthritis, bone fracture, osteoporosis

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