中国组织工程研究

• 器官移植综述 organ transplantation review • 上一篇    下一篇

肝移植后肝功能的异常

李  俊,陈  虹,范铁艳,王  旭   

  1. 北京武警总医院移植研究所,北京市  100030
  • 收稿日期:2012-12-10 修回日期:2013-02-24 出版日期:2013-07-30 发布日期:2013-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 陈虹,博士,主任医师,硕士生导师,北京武警总医院移植研究所,北京市 100030
  • 作者简介:李俊★,女,1986年生,湖北省枣阳市人,汉族,辽宁医学院在读硕士,主要从事肝移植内科及消化内科研究。 Lijun860219AA@163.com

Abnormal liver function after liver transplantation

Li Jun, Chen Hong, Fan Tie-yan, Wang Xu   

  1. Transplantation Institute, Beijing Armed Police General Hospital, Beijing  100030, China
  • Received:2012-12-10 Revised:2013-02-24 Online:2013-07-30 Published:2013-07-30
  • Contact: Chen Hong, M.D., Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Transplantation Institute, Beijing Armed Police General Hospital, Beijing 100030, China
  • About author:Li Jun★, Studying for master’s degree, Transplantation Institute, Beijing Armed Police General Hospital, Beijing 100030, China Lijun860219AA@163.com

摘要:

背景:肝移植后导致肝功能异常原因复杂,早期弄清引起肝功能异常的原因对治疗至关重要。
目的:较全面的了解肝移植后可以导致肝功能异常的原因,以便应用于临床诊治。
方法:应用计算机检索CNKI和FMJS数据库,采用医学主题词检索,检索词为“肝移植;肝功能异常;转氨酶异常;胆红素升高;原因”或“liver transplantation; abnormal liver function; transaminase abnormalities; bilirubin increased, and causes”,时间范围为1991年1月至2012年7月,共检索到98篇文章,选择文章主要内容与肝移植后肝功能异常直接相关的、发表在权威杂志上的文章共35篇进行综述。
结果与结论:肝移植后导致肝功能异常的原因众多,临床表现复杂。最常见的原因依次是急性排斥反应、胆道并发症及病毒感染。肝移植后早期,尤其是1个月内出现肝功能异常,需警惕小体积综合征和原发性移植物无功的发生。各种原因引起的肝功能异常,转氨酶及胆红素升高的程度不尽相同。急性排斥反应、自身免疫性肝炎、病毒感染、门静脉及肝静脉狭窄、缺血-再灌注损伤等转氨酶升高较胆红素升高显著;慢性排斥反应、胆道并发症、肝动脉狭窄、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、原发性硬化性胆管炎等早期以梗阻酶碱性磷酸酶、谷氨酰转移酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素升高为主;肿瘤导致的肝功能异常视肿瘤大小、压迫部位不同,可表现出以转氨酶升高为主或以胆红素升高为主。此外,各种原因多有其特殊病史,仔细询问病史有助于早期诊断。临床工作中,应重视尽量详尽的采集病史,根据转氨酶和胆红素升高的具体情况,首先考虑引起肝功能异常的常见原因,经临床证实排除后再考虑其他相对不常见原因,并结合实验室检查、影像学检查及肝脏穿刺病理活检,尽早明确病因及治疗。

关键词: 器官移植, 器官移植综述, 肝移植, 肝功能, 原因, 排斥反应, 自身免疫性肝炎, 转氨酶, 总胆红素, 直接胆红素

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The causes for abnormal liver function after liver transplantation is complex, and it is important for the treatment to clarify the causes of abnormal liver function.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cause of abnormal liver function after liver transplantation, and to use it in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
METHODS: The CNKI database and FMJS database were retrieved by computer for articles published from January 1991 to July 2012. Articles were searched with the key words of “liver transplantation, abnormal liver function, transaminase abnormalities, bilirubin increased, causes” in Chinese and English. A total of 98 articles were retrieved. Thirty-five articles directly related to abnormal liver function after liver transplantation and those published in authoritative magazines were included to review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Many reasons can lead to abnormal liver function after liver transplantation, with complex clinical manifestations. The most common causes were acute rejection, biliary complications and virus infection. When the abnormal liver function occurred in the early postoperative period, especially in one month after liver transplantation, the small size syndrome and primary graft non-function should be vigilant. The transaminase and bilirubin levels were different for different causes. Transaminase increased more significantly than bilirubin in acute rejection, autoimmune hepatitis, viral infection, ischemia-reperfusion injury, portal vein and hepatic vein stenosis. However, obstruction enzyme such as alkaline phosphatase, glutamyltransferase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin was increased more significantly in chronic rejection, biliary complications, hepatic artery, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis; transaminase increasing mainly and bilirubin increasing mainly can both appear in the patients with tumor, and which one will happen depending on the size and oppression of the tumor. In addition, collecting the medical history carefully can help to diagnose early as each patient have his special medical history. In a word, It’s important to collect medical history carefully in clinical work, and the common cause of abnormal liver function should be consider firstly according to the increasing of transaminase and bilirubin, and other relatively uncommon causes should be considered after remove the common causes through clinical proven. It can help to diagnose and treat as soon as possible to make full use of examinations, such as laboratory tests, imaging studies and liver puncture biopsy.

Key words: organ transplantation, organ transplantation review, liver transplantation, liver function, cause, rejection, autoimmune hepatitis, transaminase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin

中图分类号: