中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 1820-1826.doi: 10.12307/2025.131

• 骨与关节生物力学Bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

踝关节骨折术后踝穴冠状位角度波动与关节功能恢复的关系

刘  琰,王  铠,吴  敏   

  1. 泰州市中医院骨科,江苏省泰州市   225300
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-07 接受日期:2024-02-20 出版日期:2025-03-28 发布日期:2024-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 吴敏,副主任中医师,泰州市中医院骨科,江苏省泰州市 225300
  • 作者简介:刘琰,男,1982年生,江苏省泰州市人,汉族,副主任中医师,主要从事骨伤足踝外科方面的研究。

Relationship between coronal angle fluctuation of ankle point and recovery of joint function after ankle fracture

Liu Yan, Wang Kai, Wu Min   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of TCM, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2023-11-07 Accepted:2024-02-20 Online:2025-03-28 Published:2024-10-10
  • Contact: Wu Min, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of TCM, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Liu Yan, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of TCM, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China

摘要:


文题释义
踝关节骨折:踝关节发生骨折后关节处会发生变形,并且损伤周围血管、韧带等,从而降低关节的稳定性,使患者运动功能受阻。踝关节骨折受多种因素影响,主要是通过矫正固定,使踝关节结构逐渐恢复正常。
踝穴冠状位角度:踝穴位片显示的胫骨中轴线和踝穴的两穹窿顶之间连线所作垂线的夹角。
踝穴:是踝关节的重要骨性结构,主要维持踝关节的稳定性。

摘要
背景:踝关节骨折术后的踝穴形态指标会出现相应变化,而其中踝穴冠状位角度变化与踝关节的功能恢复之间存在一定的关联,既往研究大多探讨患者术后踝穴高度恢复,故研究踝关节骨折术后踝穴冠状位角度的波动与关节功能恢复的相关性具有一定参考意义。
目的:探讨踝关节骨折术后踝穴冠状位角度变化对关节功能恢复的影响。
方法:纳入进行手术治疗的86例踝关节骨折患者为研究对象,根据末次随访美国骨科足踝外科协会踝-后足评分结果分为优良组(n=45)和可差组(n=41),比较两组患者的一般资料。根据踝关节的踝穴位及侧位X射线片对比术后患者患侧和健侧的踝穴形态指标:包括踝穴宽度和深度、冠状位角度及矢状位角度,以及上述指标患侧和健侧之间的差值,并进一步进行组内比较分析。构建联合模型,利用Cox回归分析评估冠状位角度波动与关节功能恢复情况的关系。利用最小绝对收缩选择算子回归法和多因素Logistic回归分析影响患者关节功能恢复的危险因素。按踝穴冠状位角度从低到高等分为5分位数组(Q1-Q5),比较5组患者的临床资料特征,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析踝穴冠状位角度变化与关节功能恢复不良风险的相关性,建立限制性立方样条Logistic回归模型分析其剂量-反应关系。建立回归方程y=1-1/(1+e-z)预测模型并进行验证。
结果与结论:①患者患侧的踝穴宽度和深度、冠状位角度及矢状位角度均显著大于健侧(P均< 0.05);且与优良组患者相比,可差组患者踝穴宽度差值、深度差值、冠状位角度差值及矢状位角度差值均更大(P < 0.05);②联合模型显示无论冠状位角度是否在正常范围内,冠状位角度每纵向增加1˚,关节功能恢复不良的风险增加3%;③最小绝对收缩选择算子回归和多因素Logistics回归分析显示,调整潜在混杂因素后发现年龄过大、早期功能锻炼缺乏、无跟骨牵引、内固定物未取出、术后并发症、踝冠状位角度增大均为影响患者关节功能恢复的独立危险因素(P < 0.05);④术后3个月内的冠状位角度与关节功能恢复效果不良风险存在独立相关性(OR=1.57,95%CI:1.38-1.76,P=0.002),且术后各时间段冠状位角度从低到高5分位数组趋势性检验差异有统计学意义(P趋势< 0.001);⑤限制性立方样条模型分析显示,男性或女性的踝穴冠状位角度变化与关节功能恢复效果不良风险均不存在非线性关系;经Bootstrap自抽样,预测模型区分度、准确度较好;⑥提示踝关节骨折术后踝穴冠状位角度减小对关节功能恢复起到明显的促进作用,因此在踝关节骨折术后重点检测踝穴冠状位角度有助于了解患者关节功能恢复情况。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 踝关节骨折, 踝穴, 冠状位角度, 关节功能, Logistic回归分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The morphological indexes of ankle point may change after ankle fracture, and there is a certain correlation between the coronal angle change of ankle point and the functional recovery of ankle joint. Most previous studies have studied the height recovery of ankle point after surgery, so the correlation between the fluctuation of coronal angle of ankle point and the functional recovery of ankle joint after ankle fracture has certain reference significance.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of coronal angle change of ankle point on joint function recovery after ankle fracture. 
METHODS: A total of 86 patients with ankle fracture who underwent surgical treatment were selected as the study objects, and were divided into excellent group (n=45) and poor group (n=41) according to the results of American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot-ankle score during the last follow-up, and the general data of the two groups were compared. The morphological indexes of ankle points on the affected side and healthy side were compared after surgery based on ankle acupoints and lateral X-rays of the ankle joint, including the width and depth of ankle points, coronal angle and sagittal angle, and the difference of ankle points between the affected side and healthy side, and further comparison and analysis were conducted in each group. A joint model was constructed and Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between coronal angle fluctuation and joint function recovery. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression method and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors affecting the recovery of joint function. The patients were divided into 5-quartile array (Q1-Q5) according to the angle of coronal position at ankle point from low to high. The clinical data characteristics of the five groups were compared, and the correlation between the change of coronal position at ankle point and the risk of poor recovery of joint function was analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression. A restricted cubic spline Logistic regression model was established to analyze the dose-response relationship. The prediction model of regression equation y=1-1/(1+e-z) was established and verified. 

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The width and depth of ankle point on the affected side, coronal angle and sagittal angle were significantly higher than those on the healthy side (all P < 0.05), and compared with the excellent group, the difference of ankle point width, depth difference, coronal angle difference and sagittal angle difference were greater in the poor group (P < 0.05). (2) The combined model showed that the risk of poor joint function was increased by 3% for every 1˚ increase in coronal angle, regardless of whether the angle was within the normal range. (3) Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariate Logistics regression analysis showed that after adjusting for potential confounding factors, it was found that age, lack of functional exercise in early stage, no calcaneal traction, failure to remove internal fixation, postoperative complications, and increased ankle coronal angle were independent risk factors for joint function recovery (P < 0.05). (4) The coronal angle within 3 months after surgery was independently correlated with the risk of poor joint function recovery (OR=1.57, 95%CI:1.38-1.76, P=0.002), and the trend test of the coronal angle from low to high quintile in each postoperative period had statistical significance (Ptrend < 0.001). (5) Restricted cubic spline model analysis showed that there was no nonlinear relationship between the coronal angle change of ankle point and the risk of poor joint function recovery in males or females. Through Bootstrap self-sampling, the prediction model has good differentiation and accuracy. (6) The reduction of coronal angle of ankle point after ankle fracture plays a significant role in promoting the recovery of joint function. Therefore, the detection of coronal angle of ankle point after ankle fracture is helpful to understand the recovery of joint function of patients.


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: ankle fracture, ankle point, coronal angle, joint function, Logistic regression analysis

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