中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (12): 1885-1889.doi: 10.12307/2024.007

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

新型导向器用于经皮螺钉固定治疗舟状骨骨折

白江博1,高瑞姣1,张阿茹1,于昆仑1,张春欢2,田德虎1   

  1. 河北医科大学第三医院,1手外科,2科研处,河北省石家庄市   050051
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-19 接受日期:2023-03-06 出版日期:2024-04-28 发布日期:2023-08-22
  • 通讯作者: 田德虎,主任医师,河北医科大学第三医院手外科,河北省石家庄市 050051
  • 作者简介:白江博,男,1982年生,河北省武安市人,2006年河北医科大学毕业,博士,主要从事腕部骨折的微创治疗研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学研究重点课题(20180440),项目负责人:白江博

Percutaneous screw fixation with a novel guide for the treatment of scaphoid fractures

Bai Jiangbo1, Gao Ruijiao1, Zhang Aru1, Yu Kunlun1, Zhang Chunhuan2, Tian Dehu1   

  1. 1Department of Hand Surgery, 2Office of Academic Research, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2022-12-19 Accepted:2023-03-06 Online:2024-04-28 Published:2023-08-22
  • Contact: Tian Dehu, Chief physician, Department of Hand Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Bai Jiangbo, MD, Department of Hand Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Key Project of Hebei Medical Science Research, No. 20180440 (to BJB)

摘要:


文题释义:

新型导向器:包括调节架、调节臂、连接臂以及套筒。在调节架上开有滑槽,滑槽为弧形,且滑槽位于调节架的一端,调节臂从该端穿接于滑槽内。连接臂固定在调节臂的端部,在连接臂的端部设有尖钩,滑槽与调节臂为圆弧形,滑槽与调节臂的圆心相同,且尖钩位于滑槽与调节臂的圆心处。在调节架的另一端开有穿接孔,套筒穿接于穿接孔内,套筒方向始终指向尖钩。
舟状骨骨折主要损伤机制:摔倒时手掌着地,腕关节极度背屈,轻度桡偏;或直接打击造成轴向负荷增大引起。在外力作用下,腕关节过度背伸使舟状骨受到大多角骨、小多角骨及桡骨远端关节背侧缘的压力,引起舟状骨骨折。


背景:舟状骨骨折是临床上常见的腕部骨折,主要采用经皮螺钉治疗,首先闭合复位骨折端,然后将空心加压螺钉精准置于舟状骨轴心并加压固定骨折端,能够促进骨折愈合,使腕关节获得良好功能。

目的:评价一种新型克氏针导向器辅助经皮空心加压螺钉治疗舟状骨骨折的临床疗效。
方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年12月河北医科大学第三医院手外科收治的15例舟状骨骨折患者的临床资料。所有患者均采用新型导向器辅助经皮空心加压螺钉固定治疗。统计患者的骨折愈合时间、手术时间、透视次数、重返工作的时间及并发症。术后12个月采用改良Mayo腕关节评分对腕关节功能进行评估,测量患侧及健侧腕关节掌屈、背伸、尺偏、桡偏活动度及握力。

结果与结论:所有患者均完成了12个月随访。术后X射线片示:空心压力螺钉位于舟状骨轴心位置。所有舟状骨骨折均获骨性愈合,平均愈合时间10.0周。手术平均历时55.7 min,术中平均透视次数10.9次,平均10.3周重返工作岗位。腕关节功能:优9例,良5例,可1例,优良率93.3%。患侧及健侧的腕关节掌屈、背伸、尺偏、桡偏活动度及握力相比较,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。所有患者均未发生伤口感染、骨折畸形愈合、螺钉松动及断裂等并发症。结果表明,应用新型导向器可以缩短手术时间,减少术中透视次数,提高螺钉精准度,缩短重返工作时间,腕关节功能恢复良好。该导向器使空心加压螺钉治疗舟状骨骨折手术更容易。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-168X (白江博) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 舟状骨骨折, 空心加压螺钉, 导向器, 腕关节功能, 骨折愈合时间, 并发症

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Scaphoid fractures are common wrist fractures. The percutaneous screw is used to treat scaphoid fractures. The closed reduction of the fracture site, the precise placement of the hollow compression screw in the scaphoid axis and the compression fixation of the fracture site can promote fracture healing and achieve the better function of the wrist.  
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous hollow compression screw fixation of scaphoid fractures using a novel Kirschner wire guide.
METHODS: Between January 2015 and December 2020, clinical data from 15 patients with scaphoid fractures selected at the Department of Hand Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent percutaneous hollow compression screw fixation by a novel Kirschner wire guide. Fracture healing time, operation time, number of intraoperative fluoroscopies, time to return to work and complications were collected. According to the modified Mayo wrist scoring system, the functional outcomes of wrists were assessed 12 months after surgery. Wrist flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, radial deviation and grip strength were measured.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were followed up for 12 months. The compression screw was located in the axial position of the scaphoid by routine immediate postoperative radiographs. All scaphoid fractures united at an average of 10.0 weeks. The average operation time was 55.7 minutes. The number of intraoperative fluoroscopies was 10.9. The average time to return to work was 10.3 weeks. The results of wrist joint function were excellent in 9 cases, good in 5 cases, and average in 1 case, with an excellent and good rate of 93.3%. No significant differences in wrist flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, radial deviation and grip strength were found between the affected and healthy sides (P > 0.05). None of the patients had wound infection, malunion, screw displacement, or screw breakage. These findings indicate that the application of a novel guide can shorten the operation time, reduce the number of intraoperative fluoroscopies, improve the accuracy of screw insertion, and shorten the time to return to work. The function of the wrist was satisfactory after the operation. The novel Kirschner wire guide made percutaneous hollow compression screw fixation easier for scaphoid fractures.

Key words: scaphoid fracture, hollow compression screw, guide, wrist joint function, fracture healing time, complication

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