中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (13): 1993-1998.doi: 10.12307/2023.235

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

空心螺钉固定骶髂关节脱位的有限元分析

叶海民1,邹华春2,丁凌华1,游木荣1   

  1. 江西省人民医院,1骨科,2影像科,江西省南昌市   330006
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-15 接受日期:2022-03-02 出版日期:2023-05-08 发布日期:2022-08-11
  • 通讯作者: 游木荣,副主任医师,江西省人民医院骨科,江西省南昌市 330006
  • 作者简介:叶海民,男,1994年生,江西省德兴市人,汉族,南昌大学骨外科在读硕士,医师,主要从事骨缺损修复方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    江西省自然科学基金项目(20181BAB205021),项目负责人:游木荣

Finite element analysis of hollow screw fixation for sacroiliac dislocation

Ye Haimin1, Zou Huachun2, Ding Linghua1, You Murong1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, 2Department of Imaging, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Received:2021-12-15 Accepted:2022-03-02 Online:2023-05-08 Published:2022-08-11
  • Contact: You Murong, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
  • About author:Ye Haimin, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, No. 20181BAB205021 (to YMR)

摘要:

文题释义:
有限元分析法:是用较简单的问题代替复杂问题后再求解,它将求解域看成是由许多称为有限元的小的互连子域组成,对每一单元假定一个合适的(较简单的)近似解,然后推导求解这个域总的满足条件(如结构的平衡条件),从而得到问题的解。
骶髂关节脱位:骶髂关节是由骶骨和髂骨的耳状关节面构成的,为凹凸不平、互相嵌插的耳状关节面,关节囊紧张,并有许多坚强的韧带包裹,活动范围极小,当外力远远超过其承受范围时,会使骶髂关节周围的韧带和关节囊受到严重损伤,骶髂关节在力的作用下缺少相应的保护出现脱位。

背景:骶髂关节对稳定骨盆环有重要作用,其骨折或脱位在手术上具有挑战性,尽管各种置钉方法不断改进,但是螺钉误置、神经血管损伤等并发症依旧存在。如何准确地将螺钉置入骶骨内及确认螺钉位置,并且保证良好的稳定性是一个急需解决的问题。
目的:利用有限元法分析两种不同组合方式螺钉固定骶髂关节脱位的生物力学差异。
方法:以人尸体标本数据为资料,采用ABAQUS有限元分析系统构建全骨盆三维有限元模型,在此基础上建立骶髂关节脱位有限元模型,分别进行两种组合的螺钉固定,一种为S1置入2枚直径6.0 mm的螺钉+S2置入1枚直径6.0 mm的螺钉(命名为S12枚+S21枚组),另一种S1置入1枚直径7.3 mm的螺钉+S2置入1枚直径6.0 mm的螺钉(命名为S11枚+S21枚组)。在S1上终板施加600 N的垂直方向力,分析骨盆最大应力、螺钉最大应力(抗疲劳程度)、模型整体位移值及螺钉形变量。
结果与结论:①两组螺钉固定骨盆后能够有效恢复骨盆生物力学的传导方向,骨盆应力都小于双节段螺钉固定应力,且最大应力都位于骨折端皮质骨上;②正常骨盆的最大位移为0.080 9 mm,最大应力为9.39 MPa;S12枚+S21枚组的骨盆最大位移为0.097 8 mm,最大应力为11.59 MPa;S11枚+S21枚组骨盆的最大位移为0.111 8 mm,最大应力为13.51 MPa;③S12枚+S21枚组螺钉的最大应力为12.35 MPa,形变量为0.081 11 mm;S11枚+S21枚组螺钉的最大应力为14.53 MPa,形变量为0.088 2 mm;④结果显示,与正常骨盆相比,两种不同组合方式螺钉的稳定性无实质性变化,其中3枚螺钉固定的抗疲劳程度优于2枚螺钉,因此首选3枚螺钉固定法,若无条件进行S1双螺钉固定时,最佳固定方法是在双节段均选择1枚螺钉进行固定。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-173X (叶海民) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骶髂关节, 骶髂关节脱位, 螺钉固定, 有限元分析, 骨盆

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The sacroiliac joint plays an important role in stabilizing the pelvic ring, and its fracture or dislocation is challenging in surgery. Despite the continuous improvement of various screw placement methods, complications still exist such as screw misplacement and neurovascular injury. How to accurately place the screw into the sacrum, confirm the position of the screw, and ensure good stability is an urgent problem to be solved.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze biomechanical differences of two different combinations of screw fixation for sacroiliac dislocation by finite element analysis. 
METHODS: Human corpse specimens were used as data. The three-dimensional finite element model of the whole pelvis was constructed by the ABAQUS finite element analysis system. Finite element models of sacroiliac dislocation were established, and two combinations of screw fixation were performed. One is that S1 was treated with 2 screws of 6.0 mm in diameter + S2 was treated with 1 screw of 6.0 mm in diameter (named as S12 + S21 group), and the other is that S1 was treated with a screw of 7.3 mm in diameter + S2 was treated with a screw of 6.0 mm in diameter (named as S11 + S21 group). A vertical force of 600 N was applied to the end plate on S1, and the maximum stress of the pelvis, the maximum stress of the screw (fatigue resistance), the overall displacement value of the model and the deformation of the screw were analyzed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Pelvis fixation with screws in the two groups could effectively restore the conduction direction of pelvic biomechanics. The pelvic stress was less than the double-segment screw fixation stress, and the maximum stress was located on the cortical bone at the fracture end. (2) The maximum displacement of the normal pelvis was 0.080 9 mm and the maximum stress of the pelvis was 9.39 MPa. The maximum displacement of the pelvis was 0.097 8 mm and the maximum stress was 11.59 MPa in the S12+S21 group. The maximum displacement of the pelvis was 0.111 8 mm and the maximum stress was 13.51 MPa in the S11+S21 group. (3) The maximum stress was 12.35 MPa and the deformation was 0.081 11 mm in the S12+S21 group. The maximum stress was 14.53 MPa and the deformation was 0.088 2 mm in the S11+S21 group. (4) These results demonstrate that compared with the normal pelvis, there is no substantial change in the stability of the two fixation methods at two levels. The fatigue resistance of the screws with three screws is better than that with two screws in the two levels. Therefore, three-screw fixation is the first choice, but if the S1 double screw fixation is performed unconditionally, the best fixation method is to select one screw at both levels for fixation.

Key words: sacroiliac joint, sacroiliac dislocation, screw fixation, finite element analysis, pelvis

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