中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (22): 3556-3565.doi: 10.12307/2022.285

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

镁合金生物材料动物体内实验的研究热点

郭洋妍1,喻正文2,张  剑1   

  1. 1 遵义医科大学口腔医学院,贵州省遵义市  563000;2 贵州省普通高等学校口腔疾病研究特色重点实验室,遵义医科大学,贵州省遵义市  563000
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-18 修回日期:2021-07-16 接受日期:2021-08-02 出版日期:2022-08-08 发布日期:2022-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 张剑,副教授,硕士生导师,遵义医科大学口腔医学院,贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:郭洋妍,女,1995年生,2019年山西医科大学毕业,贵州省人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1102800),项目参与人:喻正文;贵州省医用生物材料研发人才基地(黔人领发
    [2018]3号),项目参与人:喻正文;遵义市科学技术局、遵义医科大学附属口腔医院联合科技研发资金项目(遵市科合社字(2018)240),项目参与人:喻正文;遵义医科大学学术新苗培养及创新探索专项项目(黔科合平台人才[2017]5733-057),项目参与人:喻正文

Research hotspots of magnesium alloy biomaterials in an in vivo animal

Guo Yangyan1, Yu Zhengwen2, Zhang Jian1   

  1. 1School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China; 2Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research in Colleges and Universities of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2021-05-18 Revised:2021-07-16 Accepted:2021-08-02 Online:2022-08-08 Published:2022-01-12
  • Contact: Zhang Jian, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Guo Yangyan, Master candidate, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research & Development Program Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, No. 2016YFC1102800 (to YZW); Talent Base of Medical Biomaterials Research of Guizhou Province, No. QRLF[2018]3 (to YZW); Joint Technology Research and Development Fund Project of Zunyi Science and Technology Bureau and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. ZSKHSZ(2018)240 (to YZW); Academic Talents and Innovation Program of Zunyi Medical University, No. QKHPTRC[2017]5733-057 (to YZW)

摘要:

文题释义:
镁合金生物材料:镁合金因具有优良的机械性能、良好的生物相容性及可降解性能,在医学和材料学领域都得到了广泛的关注与研究,其作为新一代医用金属材料,被誉为“革命性的金属生物材料”,未来在骨科及心血管等领域的应用前景十分广阔。 
动物实验:是现代科学技术的重要组成部分,是生命科学的基础和条件,它是为了获得有关生物学、医学等方面的新知识或解决具体问题而使用动物进行的科学研究。动物实验的最终目的是要通过对动物本身生命现象的研究,进而推用到人类,用于探索人类生命的奥秘,控制人类的疾病,延长人类的生命。

背景:作为新一代可降解生物材料,镁合金具有良好的力学性能、生物相容性及可降解性能,是当前生物材料学领域的研究热点之一。
目的:综述近年来镁合金生物材料动物体内实验研究的现状及问题。
方法:利用计算机检索PubMed及中国知网数据库中的相关文献,以“金属生物材料、可降解金属、镁合金材料、镁基植入物、血管支架、动物实验、腐蚀速率、生物安全性”为中文检索词,以“Metal biomaterials,degradable metals,magnesium alloy materials,magnesium-based implants,vascular stents,animal experiment,corrosion rate,biosafety”为英文检索词进行检索,检索时限为2016年1月至2021年6月,通过阅读文题和摘要进行初步筛选,最终纳入70篇文献进行结果分析。
结果与结论:①镁合金的安全性和降解速率是其能否作为可降解生物医用材料应用于临床的主要影响因素。②镁合金在骨折的内固定、骨肿瘤术后骨缺损的修复、韧带固定及冠状动脉狭窄中作为血管支架等方面的应用具有巨大潜力,镁合金具有优良的组织相容性,短期应用无安全性隐患,但尚缺乏长期生物安全性的研究结果。③镁合金血管支架在血管病变部位前期可起支撑血管作用,待该部位血管恢复正常功能后,支架被机体吸收和代谢,待血管再次发生狭窄和阻塞等病变时可再次植入镁合金支架,达到重复修复的目的。④当前镁合金已成为医疗器械研究领域的热点材料,但目前的研究结果仅是在动物实验或小样本临床试验中获得。⑤目前研究者们已基本达成共识,镁合金的合金化、表面处理和复合材料的制备等方法已可有效解决其安全性问题和降解速率过快的缺陷,但既往研究显示在镁合金实验中关于动物选择、植入物制备和评价方法等方面还缺少标准化的参考标准。⑥因此,在未来完善和制定镁合金实验的相关参考标准,对制定严谨和良好的临床前研究十分必要,这也将为镁合金材料的有效性和安全性评估提供有力的理论支撑。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-3167 (张剑) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 金属生物材料, 可降解金属, 镁合金材料, 镁基植入物, 血管支架, 动物实验, 腐蚀速率, 生物安全性

Abstract: BACKGROUND:  As a new generation of biodegradable materials, magnesium alloy has good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and degradability, which is one of the research hotspots in the field of biomaterials. 
OJECTIVE: To summarize current status and problems of magnesium alloy biomaterials in animals in recent years. 
METHODS: The articles were searched by using the databases of PubMed and CNKI. The key words were “metal biomaterials, degradable metals, magnesium alloy materials, magnesium-based implants, vascular stents, animal experiment, corrosion rate, biosafety” in Chinese and in English. As a result, 70 articles were applied after reading and analyzing the titles and abstracts of the articles published between January 2016 and June 2021.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The safety and degradation rate of magnesium alloy are the main influencing factors for its clinical application as a biodegradable biomedical material. (2) Magnesium alloy has great potential in internal fixation of fracture, repair of bone defect after bone tumor operation, ligament fixation and coronary artery stenosis as vascular stent. Magnesium alloy has excellent histocompatibility and no potential safety hazard in short-term application, but there is still no long-term biosafety research result. (3) The magnesium alloy stent can support blood vessels in the early stage of vascular lesion. After the normal function of the blood vessels in this part is restored, the stent is absorbed and metabolized by the body. When the vascular stenosis and obstruction occur again, the magnesium alloy stent can be implanted again to achieve the purpose of repeated repair. (4) At present, magnesium alloy has become a hot material in the field of medical device research, but the current research results are only obtained in animal experiments or small-sample clinical trials. (5) At present, researchers have basically reached a consensus that magnesium alloy alloying, surface treatment and preparation of composite materials can effectively solve its safety problems and the defects of fast degradation rate. However, previous studies have shown that there is still a lack of standardized reference standards for animal selection, implant preparation, and evaluation methods in magnesium alloy experiments. (6) Therefore, it is necessary to perfect and formulate relevant reference standards for magnesium alloy experiments in the future for the development of rigorous and good preclinical research, which will also provide strong theoretical support for the effectiveness and safety evaluation of magnesium alloy materials.

Key words: metal biomaterials, degradable metals, magnesium alloy materials, magnesium-based implants, vascular stents, animal experiment, corrosion rate, biosafety

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