中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (21): 3343-3348.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3853

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

桡骨远端骨折尺背侧骨折块不同固定方法的疗效比较

吴世桐1,宁仁德1,2,方  闰1,毕程浩1   

  1. 1安徽医科大学第三附属医院关节骨科,安徽省合肥市   230061;2西藏自治区山南市人民医院骨科,西藏自治区山南市   856000
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-11 修回日期:2020-08-12 接受日期:2020-09-15 出版日期:2021-07-28 发布日期:2021-01-23
  • 通讯作者: 宁仁德,教授,安徽医科大学第三附属医院关节骨科,安徽省合肥市 230061;西藏自治区山南市人民医院骨科,西藏自治区山南市856000
  • 作者简介:吴世桐,男,1992年生,山东省菏泽市人,汉族,安徽医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨与关节研究。
  • 基金资助:
    西藏山南市科技计划项目(SNKJJH2020203),项目负责人:宁仁德

Therapeutic effects of different fixation methods of fragment of the dorsal ulnar of distal radius fracture

Wu Shitong1, Ning Rende1, 2, Fang Run1, Bi Chenghao1   

  1. 1Department of Joint Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, Anhui Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Shannan People's Hospital, Shannan 856000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2020-08-11 Revised:2020-08-12 Accepted:2020-09-15 Online:2021-07-28 Published:2021-01-23
  • Contact: Ning Rende, Professor, Department of Joint Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, Anhui Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Shannan People's Hospital, Shannan 856000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Wu Shitong, Master candidate, Department of Joint Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, Anhui Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Science and Technology Project of Shannan City of Tibet, No. SNKJJH2020203 (to NRD)

摘要:

文题释义:
桡骨远端骨折:是骨科医生在临床上面对最多的骨折类型之一,约占急诊骨折的17%、前臂骨折的75%,其粉碎性骨折为25%,60-75岁年龄段表现较为明显。随着中国人口老龄化程度不断加快、工作性质及劳动强度变化、交通代步工具的更新换代,各年龄段和各社会阶层群众发生桡骨远端骨折的患者数量呈明显上升趋势,且桡骨远端骨折类型也趋于复杂化。实现此类患者骨折后快速功能恢复、无明显残留后遗症是当前临床骨科医生所面临的一个重要挑战。
尺背侧骨折块:桡骨远端骨折尺背侧骨块结构受损时,如后期没有得到很好处理,当腕关节进行旋前动作时尺骨头将会移位旋出至乙状切迹的掌侧;进行旋后时,尺背侧骨折块将会相对于尺骨头发生移位,从而导致下尺桡关节的脱位。此类型的骨折常常合并下尺桡关节的不稳及前臂旋转受限,如何选择治疗方法将影响到腕关节功能恢复的程度,因此桡骨远端粉碎性骨折中尺背侧骨折块的处理显得尤为关键。

背景:近年来,桡骨远端骨折中尺背侧骨折块的复位及固定对患者术后腕关节功能恢复方面的影响受到较多临床骨科医生的关注。
目的:对比桡骨远端骨折尺背侧骨折块不同固定方法的临床效果。
方法:选择安徽医科大学第三附属医院骨科2018年8月至2019年6月收治的53例闭合性桡骨远端骨折患者(合并有尺背侧骨折块),其中男23例,女30例,A组(n=22)接受掌侧入路掌侧钢板辅助背侧入路固定尺背侧骨折块治疗,B组(n=31)接受掌侧入路掌侧钢板联合背侧闭合复位尺背侧骨折块治疗。术后定期随访,拍摄腕关节X射线片观察桡骨远端掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度的变化及尺背侧骨折块移位情况,应用Gartland-Werley腕关节功能评分系统评估腕关节功能恢复情况,同时观察患侧腕关节周围伸肌腱的激惹和损伤情况。研究获得安徽医科大学伦理委员会批准。
结果与结论:①53例患者获得10-14个月随访,未出现切口感染及明显的血管和神经损伤情况;②术后第2天与末次随访时,两组间掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③Gartland-Werley腕关节功能评分显示,两组末次随访的腕功能优良率比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④A组桡骨远端尺背侧骨折块后期移位发生率低于B组(P < 0.05),两组腕关节周围伸肌腱激惹或损伤发生率比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑤结果表明,掌侧入路钢板辅助背侧入路和掌侧入路钢板联合背侧闭合复位固定治疗桡骨远端骨折尺背侧骨折块均能取得满意的术后效果,但掌侧入路钢板辅助背侧入路固定治疗后能更有效防止尺背侧骨折块的再移位。

关键词: 骨, 内固定, 植入物, 桡骨远端, 骨折, 尺背侧骨折块, 掌侧入路, 背侧入路

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, the effect of reduction and fixation of medial ulnar dorsal fracture block on the recovery of wrist function after operation has attracted more attention from clinicians.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of different fixation methods for distal radius fractures.
METHODS: From August 2018 to June 2019, 53 patients with closed distal radius fractures were selected from the Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (with ulnar dorsal fracture block). Of these, 23 were men, and 30 were women. The A group (n=22) was treated with palmar approach, while B group (n=31) was treated with metacarpal plate combined with dorsal closed reduction ulnar dorsal fracture block. The carpal radiographs were taken to observe the changes of distal palmar inclination angle, ulnar deviation angle, radius height and displacement of ulnar dorsal fracture block. The functional recovery of carpal joint was evaluated by Gartland-Werley wrist function scoring system, and the irritation and injury of extensor tendon around wrist joint were observed. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical University.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Totally 53 patients received 10-14 months of follow-up, without incision infection or obvious vascular and nerve injury. (2) At 2 days after operation and the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in palmar inclination angle, ulnar deviation angle, and radius height between the two groups (P > 0.05). (3) Gartland-Werley wrist function score showed that there was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate of wrist function between the two groups at the last follow-up (P > 0.05). (4) A group had lower incidence of late displacement of distal ulnar dorsal fracture block than B group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the incidence of wrist extensor tendon irritation or injury between the two groups (P > 0.05). (5) The results showed that both palmar approach plate-assisted dorsal approach and palmar approach plate combined with dorsal closed reduction and fixation can achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of ulnar dorsal fracture block of distal radius fracture. However, the metacarpal approach plate assisted with the fixation of the dorsal approach can effectively prevent the displacement of the fracture block of the dorsal ulnar side.

Key words: bone, internal fixation, implant, distal radius, fracture, dorsal ulnar fracture block, palmar approach, dorsal approach

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