中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (21): 3337-3342.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3856

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

股骨近端防旋髓内钉联合后内侧壁重建治疗老年A2型股骨转子间骨折

田克超,王  磊,陶  勇,姚  涛   

  1. 安徽医科大学第三附属医院(合肥市第一人民医院)创伤骨科,安徽省合肥市   230061
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-15 修回日期:2020-09-17 接受日期:2020-10-22 出版日期:2021-07-28 发布日期:2021-01-23
  • 通讯作者: 陶勇,硕士,副主任医师,安徽医科大学第三附属医院(合肥市第一人民医院)创伤骨科,安徽省合肥市 230061
  • 作者简介:田克超,男,1971年生,安徽省合肥市人,汉族,1994年安徽医科大学毕业,副主任医师,主要从事于创伤骨科和人工关节方向的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家卫生计生委医药卫生科技发展研究中心项目(W2015QJ062),项目参与人:田克超

Proximal femoral nail antirotation combined with posteromedial wall reconstruction for the treatment of type A2 intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly

Tian Kechao, Wang Lei, Tao Yong, Yao Tao   

  1. Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital (Hefei First People’s Hospital) of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2020-09-15 Revised:2020-09-17 Accepted:2020-10-22 Online:2021-07-28 Published:2021-01-23
  • Contact: Tao Yong, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital (Hefei First People’s Hospital) of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, Anhui Province, China
  • About author:Tian Kechao, Associate chief physician, Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital (Hefei First People’s Hospital) of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, Anhui Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Research Center Project of National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. W2015QJ062 (to TKC)

摘要:

文题释义:
股骨转子间后内侧壁:包括股骨颈的下端、小转子及其深部的股骨距等,是股骨干近端皮质骨向松质骨内的延续,股骨近端内侧区域为人体应力最集中部分,所承受的压缩应力集中于小转子及其下方1-3 cm,其完整程度直接影响骨折的稳定性。同时小转子为髂腰肌的止点,股骨转子间后内侧壁骨折时小转子的破坏也在一定程度上影响髋关节的前屈和旋外。
股骨近端防旋髓内钉:治疗股骨近端转子间骨折传导力均匀,可减少外力力臂,符合生物力学固定原则,螺旋刀片与松质骨贴合紧密,稳定性好,抗旋能力强,适合骨质疏松患者。具有操作简单、手术时间短、创伤小、术中出血少的特点。

背景:老年股骨转子间骨折患者髓内装置内固定治疗后不良事件发生较多,如髋内翻、穿钉、髋部疼痛等。近年来对股骨转子间后内侧壁的研究加深,重建固定后内侧壁逐渐应用于临床工作。
目的:探讨后内侧壁重建在老年人A2型股骨转子间骨折内固定治疗中的应用特点及疗效。
方法:回顾性分析2016年3月至2020年3月安徽医科大学第三附属医院使用股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定治疗A2型股骨转子间骨折患者75例的病历资料,其中试验组32例股骨转子间后内侧壁在骨钩协助下予以钢丝环扎固定;对照组43例后内侧壁未予固定。随访比较两组髋关节Harris功能评分、骨折愈合时间、完全负重时间、不良事件等情况。
结果与结论:①两组手术时间、术中出血量相近,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②与对照组相比,试验组骨折愈合时间早,术后第1,3,6个月Harris髋关节功能评分高,并发症少,以上差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③两组均获得大于12个月的随访资料,试验组发生1例坐骨神经损伤,伤后同侧患肢足背部感觉麻木,经口服药物后恢复正常;对照组患者髋内翻畸形6例,穿钉3例,异位骨化1例;④结果表明,后内侧壁重建固定后,患者可早期下地负重,有效恢复髋关节功能,术后不良事件少,临床效果满意。

关键词: 股骨转子间骨折, 后内侧壁, 骨钩, 股骨近端防旋髓内钉, 内固定, 髋骨折

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Elderly with femoral intertrochanteric fractures experienced more adverse events after surgical treatment, such as such as coxa vara, screw penetration, and hip pain. In recent years, study on the posterior medial wall of intertrochanteric femur has been deepened. The reconstruction and fixation of the posteromedial wall have gradually been used in clinical work. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application characteristics and efficacy of posteromedial wall reconstruction in surgical treatment of A2 type intertrochanteric fractures of the elderly.
METHODS: The medical records of 75 patients with type A2 intertrochanteric fractures who were treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation in Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from March 2016 to March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients undergoing posteromedial wall and fixation served as trial group (n=32) and those without reconstruction as control group (n=43). After long-term follow-up, the Harris function score, fracture healing time, full weight bearing time, and adverse events of the two groups were compared.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: (1) Operation time and intraoperative blood loss had no significant difference in both groups (P > 0.05). (2) Compared with the control group, the fracture healing time was early; Harris hip function scores were high at postoperative 1, 3, and 6 months; complications were less in the trial group; and the above differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (3) Follow-up data were obtained from both groups for more than 12 months. One case of sciatic nerve injury occurred in the trial group. In the trial group, there was one case of sciatic nerve injury, which was numb on the back of the foot on the same side after injury, and returned to normal after oral medication. In the control group, there were six cases of coxa vara, three cases of screw penetration, and one case of heterotopic ossification. (4) The results showed that after the reconstruction and fixation of the posteromedial wall, the patients could get down to the ground early and experience effective recovery of the hip function, with less postoperative adverse events and satisfactory clinical effect. 

Key words: intertrochanteric fracture, posteromedial wall, bone hook, proximal femoral nail antirotation, internal fixation, hip fracture

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