中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 831-836.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2383

• 骨与关节生物力学Bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

有限元法分析尖顶距与股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定股骨转子间骨折稳定性的关系

蔡群斌1,邹  霞2,胡剑涛2,陈心敏3,郑利钦3,黄培镇1,林梓凌1,姜自伟1   

  1. 1广州中医药大学第一附属医院,广东省广州市   510405;2丰城市中医院,江西省丰城市   331100;3广州中医药大学第一临床医学院,广东省广州市   510405
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-12 修回日期:2020-03-18 接受日期:2020-04-15 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2020-12-02
  • 通讯作者: 姜自伟,博士,副主任中医师,硕士生导师,广州中医药大学第一附属医院,广东省广州市 510405
  • 作者简介:蔡群斌,男,1985年生,广东省潮州市人,汉族,广州中医药大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事骨与关节损伤的诊治与研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81673996);广州中医药大学第一附属医院“创新强院”临床研究专项项目(2019IIT11)

Relationship between tip-apex distance and stability of intertrochanteric femoral fractures with proximal femoral anti-rotation nail: a finite element analysis

Cai Qunbin1, Zou Xia2, Hu Jiantao2, Chen Xinmin3, Zheng Liqin3, Huang Peizhen1, Lin Ziling1, Jiang Ziwei1   

  1. 1First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; 2Fengcheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fengcheng 331100, Jiangxi Province, China; 3First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2020-03-12 Revised:2020-03-18 Accepted:2020-04-15 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2020-12-02
  • Contact: Jiang Ziwei, MD, Associate chief TCM physician, Master’s supervisor, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Cai Qunbin, Master, Attending physician, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81673996; the Special Clinical Research Project Named “Innovation and Strengthening Hospital” of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 2019IIT11

摘要:

文题释义:
尖顶距:是指正侧位X射线片上所测量的从拉力螺钉尖端到股骨头顶点距离的总和,现大多数学者认为保证头髓钉尖顶距≤25 mm预后较好。
股骨转子间骨折:是临床的常见病症,现普遍认为应手术治疗,股骨近端防旋髓内钉是手术治疗应用最广泛的内固定。股骨转子间骨折内固定术后失效时有发生,其原因可能与尖顶距、骨密度、骨折类型、复位质量等密切相关。

背景:股骨近端防旋髓内钉是治疗股骨转子间骨折较为理想的一种内固定方式,但仍有6%-21%的内固定失败率,而尖顶距被认为是股骨近端防旋髓内钉术后失效的一个重要原因。尖顶距是指正侧位X射线片上所测量的从拉力螺钉尖端到股骨头顶点距离的总和,现大多数学者认为保证头髓钉尖顶距≤25 mm预后较好,但仍存在较多争议。
目的:探讨不同尖顶距影响股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的生物力学差异,为临床治疗转子间骨折提供新思路和实验基础。
方法:选取1例左侧股骨转子间骨折患者CT资料,导入Mimics 19.0和Geomagic studio 2017软件中进行提取、优化得到右侧股骨三维模型。运用Solidworks 2017软件画出内固定模型并与切割为AO2.1型骨折的股骨模型按照标准手术技术装配,分别得到尖顶距为15,20,25,30 mm的4个模型,导入Hypermesh 14.0软件中划分网格,再以inp格式导入Abaqus 2016中,设置材料属性参数、边界条件、施加载荷后提交求解,在可视化模块中查看运算结果。
结果与结论:①尖顶距值过大(30 mm)或过小(15 mm)时,股骨近端应力虽减小,但股骨头颈骨块和小转子骨块位移较大,内翻较严重;尖顶距值居中(20,25 mm)时,股骨头颈骨块位移和内翻较小,小转子骨块基本无移位;②股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折应调整尖顶距值于20-25 mm之间,骨折端稳定、移位小,具有较好的生物力学效果。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8247-8598 (蔡群斌) 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 骨折, 尖顶距, 股骨, 转子间骨折, 髓内钉, 有限元分析, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The proximal femur anti-rotation intramedullary nail is an ideal internal fixation method for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures, but there is still a 6% to 21% failure rate of internal fixation. Tip-apex distance is considered as an important cause of postoperative proximal femur anti-rotation intramedullary nail failure. Tip-apex distance is the sum of the distance from the tip of lag screw to the vertex of femoral head measured on anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films. Most scholars now believe that the tip-apex distance of head pulp nail ≤ 25 mm has a good prognosis, but there is still a lot of controversy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical differences of the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures by proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedullary nail with different tip-apex distances and provide a new idea and experimental basis for the clinical treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. 

METHODS: CT data of one volunteer were imported into Mimics 19.0 and Geomagic studio 2017 software to extract and optimize the three-dimensional model of the right femur. SolidWorks 2017 software was used to draw the internal fixation model and assemble it with the AO2.1 type fracture femur model in different tip-apex distance according to the standard operation technology. Totally four models with tip-apex distance of 15, 20, 25, and 30 mm were obtained and imported into HyperMesh 14.0 software to mesh. The four models were imported into Abaqus 2016 software in inp format to set up with material property parameters, boundary conditions and applied loads. Finally, operation results were viewed in the visualization module.  

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) When tip-apex distance was too large (30 mm) or too small (15 mm), the stress at the proximal femur was reduced, but the displacement of the femur head and neck fragment and the lesser trochanter fragment was larger and the inversion was more serious. When tip-apex distance was in the middle (20, 25 mm), the displacement and varus of femoral head and neck fragment were small, and the lesser trochanteric fragment was basically unshifted. (2) In the treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures, tip-apex distance should be adjusted to 20-25 mm to reduce displacement and obtain a better biomechanical effect.

Key words: bone, fracture, tip-apex distance, femur, intertrochanteric fracture, proximal femoral nail anti-rotation, finite element analysis, biomechanics

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