中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 136-140.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1852

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红景天干预可改善大强度运动小鼠骨骼肌细胞线粒体自噬及融合-分裂等功能

曹海信1,王小梅2   

  1. 1西安石油大学体育系,陕西省西安市  710065;2延安大学体育学院,陕西省延安市  716000
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-25 修回日期:2019-01-08 接受日期:2019-03-28 出版日期:2020-01-08 发布日期:2019-12-13
  • 通讯作者: 王小梅,硕士,副教授,延安大学体育学院,陕西省延安市 716000
  • 作者简介:曹海信,男,1982年生,江苏省徐州市人,汉族,2007年陕西师范大学毕业,硕士,讲师,主要从事体育教学、运动训练与康复研究。
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省教育厅2018年度专项科学研究计划项目(18jk0878)

Rhodiola intervention improves mitochondrial autophagy and fusion-division in skeletal muscle cells of mice with high intensity exercise

Cao Haixin1, Wang Xiaomei2   

  1. 1Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi Province, China; 2School of Physical Education, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2018-12-25 Revised:2019-01-08 Accepted:2019-03-28 Online:2020-01-08 Published:2019-12-13
  • Contact: Wang Xiaomei, Master, Associate professor, School of Physical Education, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Cao Haixin, Master, Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the 2018 Special Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education, No. 18jk0878

摘要:

文题释义:

自噬:指从粗面内质网的无核糖体附着区脱落的双层膜包裹部分胞质和细胞内需降解的细胞器、蛋白质等成分形成自噬体(autophagosome),并与溶酶体融合形成自噬溶酶体,降解其所包裹的内容物,以实现细胞本身的代谢需要和某些细胞器的更新。自噬广泛存在于人体的正常细胞和恶性肿瘤细胞中。

线粒体融合-分裂:线粒体是一种高度动态变化的细胞器,在细胞中不断融合与分裂,形成紧密连接的线粒体网络。这种融合与分裂的变化主要通过在线粒体融合、分裂蛋白的精确控制下,线粒体可在不断变化的生理环境中做出迅速准确的反应,这对于线粒体的遗传以及维持其功能至关重要。

背景:超负荷量的运动会引起体内氧化活性物质大量堆积从而损害骨骼肌细胞,而线粒体在运动过程能量代谢中具有关键作用。研究表明,红景天可以减少肌组织脂质过氧化水平,保护受损内皮细胞。

目的:探讨红景天通过调节线粒体功能改善大强度运动小鼠骨骼肌细胞的功能。

方法:实验方案经西安石油大学伦理委员会批准。选择40只SPF级BALB/c小鼠,根据干预措施的不同,将小鼠分为空白对照组、单纯运动组、红景天对照组、红景天运动干预组。①空白对照组:不进行运动;②单纯运动组:采用生理盐水灌胃后,进行大强度运动;③红景天对照组:将红景天与生理盐水悬浊液灌胃,不运动;④红景天运动干预组:红景天干预措施同红景天对照组,运动方案同单纯运动组。以上各组干预措施均为每天1次,连续28 d。观察小鼠的体质量、前肢握力、力竭时间;Western Blot检测骨骼肌锰超氧化物歧化酶蛋白、p53蛋白、线粒体起源、自噬启动相关蛋白表达;RT-qPCR检测骨骼肌Mfn-1、Mfn-2、Opa-1、Drp-1、fis-1 mRNA表达。

结果与结论:①从第2周开始,单纯运动组小鼠前肢握力显著低于其他3组(P < 0.05),但空白对照组、红景天对照组与红景天运动干预组之间,小鼠前肢握力始终无明显差异(P > 0.05);②第3,4周时,单纯运动组小鼠负重游泳训练力竭时间均显著短于红景天运动干预组(P < 0.05);③单纯运动组小鼠骨骼肌细胞内的锰超氧化物歧化酶、p53蛋白表达显著高于其他组小鼠(P < 0.05),红景天运动干预组小鼠骨骼肌细胞内的锰超氧化物歧化酶、p53蛋白表达显著高于红景天对照组(P < 0.05);④与空白对照组相比,单纯运动组小鼠骨骼肌内PGC-1α、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ水平明显升高,Atg7、P62水平显著下降(均P < 0.05),与红景天对照组相比,红景天运动干预组PGC-1α、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ水平明显升高,Atg7、P62水平显著下降(均P < 0.05);⑤与空白对照组相比,单纯运动组的融合基因表达下降,分裂基因Drp-1 mRNA表达上升(P < 0.05);红景天运动干预组的融合基因表达也呈下降趋势,Drp-1 mRNA表达水平呈上升趋势,但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑥结果说明,红景天可显著提高大强度运动量小鼠的运动耐力,这可能与改善了骨骼肌线粒体自噬、起源及线粒体融合-分裂有关。

ORCID: 0000-0002-4143-1195(曹海信)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 红景天, 线粒体, 运动, 骨骼肌, 锰超氧化物歧化酶, 线粒体融合基因

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Excessive exercises cause a large accumulation of oxidative active substances in the body to damage skeletal muscle cells. Mitochondria play a key role in energy metabolism during exercise. Studies have shown that Rhodiola can reduce the level of lipid peroxidation in muscle tissue and protect damaged endothelial cells.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism underlying Rhodiola improving skeletal muscle function of mice with high intensity exercise by regulating mitochondrial function.

METHODS: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xi’an Shiyou University in China. Forty BALB/c mice were divided into blank control group, exercise group, Rhodiola control group and Rhodiola intervention group. Mice in the blank control had no exercise and intervention. Mice in exercise group were given intragastric administration of normal saline followed by high intensity exercise. Mice in Rhodiola intervention group and Rhodiola control group were given intragastric administration of the mixture of Rhodiola and normal saline, followed by exercise or not. The interventions were performed once a day for 28 consecutive days. Body mass, forearm grip strength and exhaustion time were observed. Western blot assay was used to detect expression of manganese superoxide dismutase protein, p53 protein, mitochondrial origin and autophagy-associated protein in the skeletal muscle. RT-qPCR was used to detect skeletal muscle Mfn-1, Mfn-2, Opa-1, Drp-1, and fis-1 mRNA expression.  

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) From the 2nd week, the grip strength of forelimbs in the exercise group was significantly lower than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference among blank control group, Rhodiola control group, and Rhodiola intervention group (P > 0.05). (2) At the 3rd and 4th weeks, the exhaustion time of weight-bearing swimming training was significantly shorter in the exercise group than the Rhodiola intervention group (P < 0.05). (3) The levels of manganese superoxide dismutase protein and p53 protein in skeletal muscle cells of mice in the exercise group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (< 0.05). The levels of manganese superoxide dismutase protein and p53 protein in skeletal muscle cells of mice in the Rhodiola intervention group were significantly higher than those in the Rhodiola control group (P < 0.05). (4) Compared with the blank control group, the levels of PGC-1a and LC3-II/LC3-I in skeletal muscle cells of mice in the exercise group increased significantly, while the levels of Atg7 and P62 decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the Rhodiola control group, the levels of PGC-1a and LC3-II/LC3-I in skeletal muscle cells of mice in the Rhodiola intervention group increased significantly, while the levels of Atg7 and P62 decreased significantly (P < 0.05). (5) Compared with the blank control group, the expression of fusion gene and Drp-1 gene in the exercise group decreased and increased, respectively, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the Rhodiola exercise intervention group also showed a downward trend in the expression of fusion gene and an upward trend in the expression of Drp-1 mRNA, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). To conclude, Rhodiola can significantly improve the exercise endurance of mice with high intensity exercise, which may be related to the improvement of skeletal muscle mitochondrial autophagy, origin and fusion-division.

Key words: Rhodiola rosea, mitochondria, exercise, skeletal muscle, manganese superoxide dismutase, mitochondrial fusion gene

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