中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 124-129.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1853

• 干细胞基础实验 basic experiments of stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

双硫仑联合铜离子对人骨肉瘤细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

徐朝健,张  龙,程才统,孙晓娟,吕  智   

  1. 山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市  030001
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-28 修回日期:2019-03-15 接受日期:2019-06-10 出版日期:2020-01-08 发布日期:2019-12-13
  • 作者简介:徐朝健,男,1980年生,山西省孝义人,汉族,2003年山西医科大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事骨与软组织肿瘤研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81772867);山西省应用基础研究项目(201801D121326)

Disulfiram combined with cooper inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma

Xu Chaojian, Zhang Long, Cheng Caitong, Sun Xiaojuan, Lü Zhi   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2019-02-28 Revised:2019-03-15 Accepted:2019-06-10 Online:2020-01-08 Published:2019-12-13
  • About author:Xu Chaojian, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81772867; the Applied Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province, No. 201801D121326

摘要:

文题释义:

双硫仑:是一种广泛用于治疗慢性酒精上瘾以及古柯碱的戒断药物,其为二硫代氨基甲酸盐,水溶性极差。早在20世纪中期,Jacobsen等发现双硫仑可有效抑制乙醛脱氢酶的活性,造成乙醛的饱和氧化反应,其本身和代谢产物可引起体内相关蛋白失活,使人体产生不适反应,从而达到抗酗酒目的。

二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(diethyldithiocarbamate,DDTC):白色至无色片状结晶,有吸湿性,易溶于水,溶于乙醇、甲醇、丙酮,不溶于乙醚和苯。水溶液呈碱性并逐渐分解,遇酸能分离出二硫化碳而使溶液混浊,熔点 94-102 ℃。最大吸收波长(乙醇中)257、290 nm(摩尔吸光系数1 200、13 000)。低毒,半数致死量(大鼠,经口)2 830 mg/kg。研究显示,双硫仑在进入人体后会迅速转化为体内代谢物DDTC,Cu可与DDTC结合形成较稳定的DDTC-Cu复合物。

背景:研究表明双硫仑本身具有抗肿瘤活性,可联合铜(Cu)离子在体内外水平对多种肿瘤发挥抑癌作用,但关于双硫仑对骨肉瘤细胞增殖和凋亡作用的影响尚未阐明。

目的:探讨双硫仑-Cu在体内外水平对骨肉瘤增殖与凋亡能力的影响以及可能的作用机制。

方法:实验方案经山西医科大学动物实验伦理委员会批准(批准号为2017LL077)。①体外实验:配置双硫仑在进入人体后的转换物二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(diethyldithiocarbamate,DDTC)和Cu离子的复合物DDTC-Cu(0.5,1,2,3和5 μmol/L),设置DDTC单药(5 μmol/L)、Cu单药(5 μmol/L)和空白对照组。药物处理人骨肉瘤细胞Saos-2细胞和MG-63细胞,CCK8法检测不同浓度DDTC-Cu对Saos-2细胞和MG-63细胞的增殖抑制作用;采用AnnexinV-FITC/PI双染法检测DDTC-Cu对Saos-2细胞凋亡水平变化;②体内实验:取4周龄BALB/c-nu/nu雌性裸鼠共10只,随机分为DDTC-Cu组和对照组。采用异位移植方法,在裸鼠右侧背部皮下注射Saos-2细胞和Matrigel混悬液(1∶1混合),注射量400 μL/只;接种2周后,对照组裸鼠腹腔注射地塞米松(0.5 mg/kg,隔日1次),DDTC-Cu组裸鼠腹腔注射地塞米松(0.5 mg/kg,隔日1次)和DDTC-Cu复合物(10 nmol/g,隔日1次);观察两组荷瘤小鼠移植瘤生长情况,绘制瘤体生长曲线。接种5周后麻醉下处死动物,完整取出瘤体,免疫组织化学检测瘤体石蜡切片组织中ki67蛋白的表达水平,Western blot检测瘤体组织中细胞增殖和凋亡蛋白的表达及JNK通路蛋白表达的变化。

结果与结论:①体外实验结果:DDTC-Cu组对骨肉瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用明显高于其他3组;CCK-8实验结果显示DDTC-Cu对骨肉瘤细胞增殖抑制呈剂量依赖性,两株细胞的24 h药物半抑制浓度分别为0.337 μmol/L和0.487 μmol/L;流式细胞学检测结果显示DDTC-Cu可呈剂量依赖性促进Saos-2细胞的凋亡;②体内实验结果:DDTC-Cu组裸鼠移植瘤的体积和质量均小于对照组;免疫组织化学结果显示,DDTC-Cu组的瘤体中ki-67蛋白表达水平较对照组降低;Western blot检测结果显示,DDTC-Cu组瘤体蛋白中p-JNK和c-jun的表达水平均上调。结果提示,双硫仑联合Cu离子在体内外水平抑制人骨肉瘤细胞增殖并促进骨肉瘤细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与JNK通路活化有关。

ORCID: 0000-0003-4818-901X(徐朝健)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 双硫仑, 铜, 骨肉瘤, 增殖, 凋亡, JNK通路

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that disulfiram has anti-tumor activity, which can be combined with copper (Cu) ions to exert an anti-tumor effect on multiple tumors in vivo and in vitro, but the effect of disulfiram on osteosarcoma proliferation and apoptosis has not been clarified.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of disulfiram combined with Cu on osteosarcoma proliferation and apoptosis and the possible mechanism in vivo and in vitro.

METHODS: The study protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanxi Medical University (approval No. 2017LL077). (1) In vitro study: diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC)-Cu (0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 5 μmol/L) was configured with Cu and DDTC which is the transformation of disulfiram after absorbed by bodies. DDTC single drug (5 μmol/L), Cu single drug (5 μmol/L) and blank control groups were set. Osteosarcoma cell lines Saos-2 and MG-63 were treated with drugs, and cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of DDTC-Cu at different concentrations on the proliferation of Saos-2 and MG-63 cells. Changes in Saos-2 apoptosis were measured by AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining. (2) In vivo study: A total of 10 BALB/c-nu/nu female nude mice of 4 weeks old were randomly divided into DDTC-Cu group and control group. The mixture of Saos-2 cells and Matrigel (1:1 mixed, 400 μL per mouse) was injected subcutaneously into the right back of nude mice. Two weeks after inoculation, model mice were intraperitoneally injected dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg once every other day) in the control group, and dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg once every other day) and DDTC-Cu complex (10 nmol/g once every other day) in the DDTC-Cu group. Xenograft tumors in each group were measured at regular intervals and tumor growth curves were drawn. Five weeks after inoculation, the animals were sacrificed under anesthesia, and tumors were completely removed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression level of ki67 protein in tumor paraffin sections. The expressions of proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptosis and JNK pathway proteins were determined by western blot analysis.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: (1) In vitro study: The proliferation inhibition in the DDTC-Cu group was significantly stronger than that in the DDTC single drug, Cu single drug and blank control groups. Cell counting kit-8 results showed that DDTC-Cu inhibited osteosarcoma proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, with 50% inhibiting concentration of 0.337 μmol/L (Saos-2) and 0.487 μmol/L (MG-63) for 24 hours, respectively. The results of flow cytometry showed that DDTC-Cu promoted Saos-2 apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. (2) In vivo study: The tumor volume and mass of the DDTC-Cu group were smaller than those of the control group. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression level of ki-67 protein in the DDTC-Cu group was lower than that in the control group. Western blot results showed that the expression levels of p-JNK and c-jun in the DDTC-Cu group were up-regulated. To conclude, disulfiram combined with Cu inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo, and its mechanism may be related with activation of JNK signaling pathway.

Key words: disulfiram, cooper, osteosarcoma, proliferation, apoptosis, JNK pathway

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