中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (16): 2473-2478.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1202

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

颈前路扩大纵向减压范围植骨融合及钢板内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病

李 觅,赵承斌,张捍军,李华哲,张 睿   

  1. 哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院骨外科,黑龙江省哈尔滨市 150001
  • 出版日期:2019-06-08 发布日期:2019-06-08
  • 通讯作者: 赵承斌,硕士,教授,主任医师,哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院脊柱外科,黑龙江省哈尔滨市 150001
  • 作者简介:李觅,男,1987年生,黑龙江省哈尔滨市人,汉族,2015年哈尔滨医科大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事组织工程学与脊髓损伤相关研究。

Anterior cervical approach to expand longitudinal decompression range for treating cervical spondylotic myelopathy  

Li Mi, Zhao Chengbin, Zhang Hanjun, Li Huazhe, Zhang Rui   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Online:2019-06-08 Published:2019-06-08
  • Contact: Zhao Chengbin, Master, Professor, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:Li Mi, Master, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
颈前路扩大纵向减压范围:传统颈椎前路减压手术,无论单间隙颈间盘摘除或椎体次全切除术,纵向减压范围均以上下邻近节段终板为界限;扩大纵向减压范围是在原有的减压范围基础上,进一步切除上下邻近节段椎体的终板及部分骨质(1/4),从而在横向减压范围不变的前提下,实现扩大压范围的目的。
脊髓型颈椎病:颈椎病依据颈椎间盘其对周围不同组织的压迫有4种主要分型,其中脊髓型颈椎病表现为四肢麻木无力、动作僵硬、走路踩棉感、双手笨拙、躯干部紧缩感等,严重者甚至表现为尿便功能障碍。此型颈椎病由于颈脊髓直接受压,往往出现较为严重的神经系统并发症。
 
摘要
背景:颈前路减压融合治疗脊髓型颈椎病因其疗效确切,术中创伤较小,减压明确,被脊柱外科医生奉为经典的手术方式。此次研究在遵循原有经典颈前路减压融合术式基础上扩大纵向减压范围,进而与经典术式的临床疗效相比较。
目的:比较2种颈前路减压手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。
方法:将120例脊髓型颈椎病患者随机分为2组(n=60),其中A组接受经典颈前路减压融合治疗,B组接受颈椎前路扩大纵向减压范围手术。2组患者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院伦理委员会批准。术后所有患者均随访1年,从术中及术后出血量、日本骨科协会评分(评估神经功能)、颈椎曲度、颈椎屈伸活动度、椎间植骨愈合时间及愈合率等方面对2种患者的临床疗效进行比较。
结果与结论:①A组患者的术中及术后出血量显著低于B组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②术后B组患者神经功能恢复情况(日本骨科协会评分)优于A组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③2组患者术后颈椎曲度及颈椎活动度差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④术后椎间植骨愈合时间B组短于A组(P < 0.05),而在融合率方面2组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑤2种方案治疗脊髓型颈椎病均可获得较理想的临床疗效。经典的颈前路术式术中创伤较小,患者在术后离床活动方面存在一定优势;术后颈椎曲度恢复及椎间植骨融合率上2种术式无明显差异;但是在脊髓型颈椎病神经功能恢复及椎间植骨愈合时间方面,颈前路扩大纵向减压范围术式存在一定的优势。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-8007-3829(李觅)

关键词: 颈前路, 颈前路减压, 脊髓型颈椎病, 脊髓损伤, 椎间植骨愈合时间, 椎间植骨融合率, 减压范围

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Cervical anterior decompression and fusion for treating cervical spondylotic myelopathy is regarded as a classic surgical method because of its exact curative effect, small intraoperative trauma and the decompression. This study expands the longitudinal decompression range based on the original classical procedure and compares it with the clinical efficacy of the classic procedure.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical efficacy of two different methods of anterior cervical decompression for treating cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into two groups A (traditional anterior cervical decompression) and B (expansion of the longitudinal decompression range of the anterior cervical spine) (n=60/group). Informed consents were obtained from all patients, and the trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. All patients were followed up for 1 year. The intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, cervical curvature index, cervical flexion and extension activity, intervertebral bone graft healing time and fusion rate were compared to assess the clinical efficacy.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The intraoperative and postoperative blood loss in the group A was lower than that in group B (P < 0.05). (2) The recovery of neurological function (Japanese Orthopaedic Association score) in the group B was significantly better than that in the group A (P < 0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in the changes of cervical curvature index and range of motion between two groups (P > 0.05). (4) The postoperative healing time of intervertebral bone graft in the group B was significantly shorter than that in the group A (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the fusion rate between two groups (P > 0.05). (5) In summary, both surgical procedures can achieve good clinical results in the treatment of different degrees of cervical spine. The classic cervical anterior approach has little trauma during operation, and patients have certain advantages in postoperative bed-lifting activities. There is no significant difference in the recovery of cervical curvature and the rate of interbody fusion between two methods. The expansion of the longitudinal decompression range of the anterior cervical spine holds certain advantages in the neurological function of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and the healing time of intervertebral bone grafting.

Key words: anterior cervical approach, cervical anterior decompression, cervical spondylotic myelopathy, spinal cord injury, intervertebral bone graft healing time, intervertebral bone graft fusion rate, decompression range

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