中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (15): 2361-2366.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0188

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

氨甲环酸降低转子间骨折围术期失血的有效性及安全性

金志超1,郑晓辉2,余 翔1,吕 迪1,莫颖杰1,吴文正1,欧阳崇志1,黄泽青2   

  1. 1广州中医药大学,广东省广州市  5104052广州中医药大学第一附属医院创伤骨科,广东省广州市  510405
  • 出版日期:2018-05-28 发布日期:2018-05-28
  • 通讯作者: 郑晓辉,主任医师,硕士生导师,广州中医药大学第一附属医院创伤骨科,广东省广州市 510405
  • 作者简介:金志超,男,1990年生,汉族,江西省九江市人,广州中医药大学在读硕士。

Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid on reducing perioperative blood loss in patients with intertrochanteric fracture  

Jin Zhi-chao1, Zheng Xiao-hui2, Yu Xiang1, Lü Di1, Mo Ying-jie1, Wu Wen-zheng1, Ouyang Chongzhi1, Huang Ze-qing2   

  1. 1Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Online:2018-05-28 Published:2018-05-28
  • Contact: Zheng Xiao-hui, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Jin Zhi-chao, Master candidate, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
股骨近端防旋髓内钉:目前国内外治疗股骨转子间骨折所采用的内固定材料主要为股骨近端防旋髓内钉,因其髓内固定和螺旋刀片的生物力学特性使得骨折端固定牢靠,其半闭合的操作使得手术创伤小,有效的保护了骨折部位的血运,降低了因切开导致的围术期显性出血,但股骨转子间骨折围术期隐性失血仍较高,且目前尚无有效的手术方式或内固定方式以减少围术期隐性失血。
氨甲环酸:作为一种纤溶酶抑制剂,目前已广泛用于关节外科、脊柱外科、心胸外科等领域,并已逐渐用于创伤外科领域,可有效抑制纤溶亢进,达到降低围术期隐性失血的目的。
 
摘要
背景:股骨近端防旋髓内钉被广泛用于治疗各类转子间骨折,虽然其手术创伤小,但围术期的出血量仍较大,氨甲环酸目前已逐渐被用于降低股骨转子间骨折围术期失血,其降低围术期失血的有效性及其安全性尚缺乏文献报道。
目的:探讨氨甲环酸降低股骨转子间骨折股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定围术期失血的安全性及有效性。
方法:纳入2015年1月至2017年1月在广州中医药大学第一附属医院就诊的股骨转子间骨折且接受股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定治疗的108例患者,2016年1月以前52例患者为对照组,2016年1月以后56例患者为试验组。试验组于术前半小时使用氨甲环酸1 g稀释于250 mL生理盐水中静脉滴注。对照组术前半小时予250 mL生理盐水静滴,比较2组患者股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定前后各种出血量、输血情况、血红蛋白量、红细胞比容、凝血指标、D-二聚体水平及并发症发生情况。
结果与结论:①围术期指标:试验组的患者在住院期间围手术期的实际失血量、术中失血量、显性失血量、隐性失血量、引流量、输血量和输血率均低于对照组(P < 0.05);②血液生化指标:手术内固定前两组患者的血红蛋白及红细胞比容差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),两组患者术后血红蛋白及红细胞比容均较术前逐渐降低,在术后第5天时较前稍有回升,两组间术后2 h,1 d,3 d,5 d的时间点上比较,试验组的血红蛋白值及红细胞比容均高于同时间点对照组(P < 0.05),手术内固定前后各时间点两组患者的凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间、纤维蛋白原水平均差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),两组患者手术内固定后D-二聚体水平均较术前明显升高,在术后第5天有所回降,各时间点组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。③结果提示,氨甲环酸能有效降低股骨转子间骨折股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定患者围术期的显性失血和隐性失血,且安全有效。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-5592-6965(金志超)

关键词: 氨甲环酸, 转子间骨折, 股骨近端防旋髓内钉, 围术期失血, 有效性, 安全性, 内固定, 失血, 髋部骨折

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Proximal femoral nail anti-rotation is widely used to treat various intertrochanteric fractures. Although its operation trauma is small, and the blood loss of perioperative period is still large. Tranexamic acid has been gradually used to reduce the bleeding of intertrochanteric fracture. The effectiveness and safety of reducing blood loss during perioperative period were not reported.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid on perioperative blood loss in patients with intertrochanteric fracture undergoing proximal femoral nail anti-rotation.
METHODS: One hundred and eight patients with intertrochanteric fracture undergoing proximal femoral nail anti-rotation were selected from First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between January 2015 and January 2017. Among all the subjects, 52 patients who received the operation before January 2016 served as the control group and 56 patients who received the operation after January 2016 were selected as the treatment group. Half an hour before operation, patients in the treatment group received 1 g tranexamic acid dissolved in 250 mL normal saline by intravenous dropping; patients in the control group just received 250 mL normal saline by intravenous dropping. The bleeding volume, blood transfusion volume, hemoglobin, hematocrit, coagulation index, D-dimer levels and complications were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) During perioperative period, actual blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, dominant blood loss, recessive blood loss, volume of drainage, blood transfusion volume and blood transfusion rate were lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). (2) There was no statistically significant difference in the hemoglobin and hematocrit between the two groups before operation (P > 0.05). The hemoglobin and hematocrit of the two groups gradually decreased after the operation, and there was a slight improvement in the fifth day after surgery. At postoperative 2 hours, 1, 3 and 5 days, the hemoglobin and hematocrit of the treatment group were higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). At preoperation and each time point postoperation, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen levels were not statistically significant between the two groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative D-dimer levels in the two groups were significantly higher than preoperation, and there was a return on the fifth day. There was no statistically significant difference between groups at preoperation and each time point of postoperation (P > 0.05). (3) The results suggest that the tranexamic acid can effectively reduce the dominant and recessive blood loss in patients with the intertrochanteric fracture, and it is safe and effective. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Tissue Engineering, Tranexamic Acid, Femur

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