中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (31): 4957-4962.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.31.007

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

寰枢椎弓根螺钉置入单节段固定治疗Jefferson骨折合并不稳定齿状突骨折

屈 巍,闫 亮,宋宗让,刘继军,吴起宁,郝定均   

  1. 西安交通大学附属红会医院脊柱外科,陕西省西安市 710054
  • 出版日期:2017-11-08 发布日期:2017-12-01
  • 通讯作者: 郝定均,主任医师,教授,西安交通大学附属红会医院脊柱外科,陕西省西安市 710054
  • 作者简介:屈巍,男,1984年生,陕西省扶风县人,汉族,2010年解放军第四军医大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事脊柱脊髓损伤研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金资助项目(81401843)

Single segment fixation with atlantoaxial pedicle screws in the treatment of Jefferson fracture combined with unstable odontoid fracture

Qu Wei, Yan Liang, Song Zong-rang, Liu Ji-jun, Wu Qi-ning, Hao Ding-jun   

  1. Department of Spinal Surgery, Xi’an Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Online:2017-11-08 Published:2017-12-01
  • Contact: Hao Ding-jun, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Spinal Surgery, Xi’an Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Qu Wei, Master, Attending physician, Department of Spinal Surgery, Xi’an Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81401843

摘要:

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文题释义:
Jefferson 骨折:Jefferson于1919年最早报道寰椎的一种爆裂骨折,其为单纯垂直暴力作用于寰椎,使寰椎前后弓同时骨折,前后弓各有2条骨折线将寰椎分为4个骨折块,寰椎侧块可向两侧分离移位,并常伴有寰椎横韧带损伤或断裂。
不稳定齿状突骨折:齿状突骨折最经典的分型为Anderson-D’Alonzo分型,其按照骨折线的位置将齿状突骨折分为3型,其中Ⅱ型为齿状突基底部骨折,为最不稳定骨折,Ⅲ型为涉及枢椎体的齿状突骨折,Ⅲ型中的浅Ⅲ型由于骨折线靠近齿状突基底部与Ⅱ型骨折一样具有高度的不稳定。
 
摘要
背景:Jefferson骨折合并不稳定齿状突骨折比较少见,临床报道较少。目前多采用枕颈融合手术治疗,造成患者颈椎活动度严重丧失,对患者日常生活影响很大,疗效较差。
目的:为了避免枕颈融合,保留枕寰关节活动度,应用寰枢椎弓根螺钉固定技术治疗Jefferson骨折伴不稳定性齿状突骨折,评价其可行性及修复效果。
方法:对2010年3月至2015年8月收治的15例Jefferson骨折合并枢椎齿状突骨折患者行寰枢椎弓根螺钉固定术,合并齿状突Anderson Ⅱ型骨折13例,Anderson 浅Ⅲ型骨折2例,伴有寰椎横韧带断裂5例。入院后给予患者颅骨牵引,术前行三维CT检查,于CT片中测量寰椎椎弓根钉道并选择合适尺寸螺钉。全麻下行寰枢椎弓根螺钉置入、寰枢椎复位,对横韧带断裂患者行寰枢椎植骨融合,其余患者采用单纯固定。采用ASIA分级及目测类比评分比较术前、术后神经功能和疼痛改善情况,术后随访时观察寰枕关节活动度。
结果与结论:①平均手术时间(150±41) min(120-270 min);平均失血量(246±95) mL (160-500 mL);②所有患者寰枢椎弓根螺钉成功置入,术中无脊髓、神经根和椎动脉损伤发生。寰枢骨折脱位复位良好;③术后随访12-36个月。脊髓不完全损伤者共9例,7例患者术后神经功能明显恢复;术后1年目测类比评分(1.20±1.40)分较术前(8.15±0.62)分明显改善(P < 0.05);④所有骨折及植骨全部愈合,无内固定断裂和松动;术后寰枕关节活动度平均(14.6±2.8)°;⑤综上,寰枢椎弓根螺钉内固定是修复Jefferson骨折合并枢椎不稳定性齿状突骨折的有效方法,固定牢靠,骨折愈合率高,可避免枕颈融合,保留寰枕活动度。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0003-0541-6032(屈巍)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 脊柱植入物, 齿状突不稳定骨折, Jefferson 骨折, 寰枢椎脱位, 寰枢椎弓根螺钉, 单节段固定, 寰枕活动度, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Jefferson fracture associated with unstable odontoid fracture is rare, and little reported. Occipito-cervical fusion is the commonly used treatment method, but it causes a severe loss of the motion of cervical vertebrae, which affects the patients’ quality of life, so the curative effect is poor.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and therapeutic efficacy of atlantoaxial transpedicular screw fixation for Jefferson fracture associated with unstable odontoid fracture, so as to avoid occipito-cervical fusion and preserve the motion of the atlanto-occipital joint.
METHODS: Fifteen patients with Jefferson fracture associated with unstable odontoid fracture from March 2010 to August 2015, were treated with atlantoaxial transpedicular screw fixation. There were 13 cases of Anderson type II and 2 cases of Anderson shallow type lll odontoid fracture, as well as 5 cases combined with transverse atlantal ligament rupture. All patients underwent skull traction after admission, as well as three-dimensional CT was applied preoperatively to determine the atlas pedicle screw trajectory and chose suitable screws. Atlantoaxial transpedicular screw was placed and atlantoaxial joint was reduced under general anesthesia. Bone graft fusion of atlantoaxial joint was applied only for the transverse atlantal ligament. The pain and neurologic function were evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale and the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale before and after operation. The range of motion of the atlanto-occipital joint was observed during follow-up.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The mean operation time was (150±41) minutes (120-270 minutes). The mean blood loss was (246±95) mL (160-500 mL). (2) Atlantoaxial transpedicular screws were successfully placed in all patients. No spinal and nerve root injury, or vertebral artery injury occurred intraoperatively. The atlantoaxial achieved good reduction. (3) The follow-up time was 12-36 months. There were nine cases of incomplete spinal cord injury, and 7 cases of obviously improved neurologic function. The visual analog scale scores were significantly improved at 1 year postoperatively, from preoperative (8.15±0.62) to postoperative (1.2±1.4) (P < 0.05). (4) All fractures and bone grafts were healed without loosening or rupture of the screws. The range of motion of the atlanto-occipital joint was (14.6±2.8)° postoperatively. (5) To conclude, atlantoaxial transpedicular screw fixation is effective for Jefferson fracture combined with unstable odontoid fracture, which not only exhibits a high rate of bone healing and stable fixation, but also avoids the occipital-cervical fusion and preserves occipito-atlantal motion. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Axis, Fractures, Bone, Internal Fixators, Tissue Engineering

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