中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (9): 1302-1308.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.09.013

• 数字化骨科 digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

计算机导航辅助全膝关节置换定位与软组织平衡

张永战   

  1. 郑州大学第一附属医院晋城教学医院,晋城市人民医院,长治医学院晋城医院,山西省晋城市 048000
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-21 出版日期:2016-02-19 发布日期:2016-02-19
  • 作者简介:张永战,1973年生,山西省人,主治医师,主要从事人工全膝关节置换方面的研究。

Computer assisted navigation in total knee arthroplasty: location and soft tissue balance

Zhang Yong-zhan   

  1. Jincheng Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng Teaching Hospital of First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jincheng 048000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2016-01-21 Online:2016-02-19 Published:2016-02-19
  • About author:Zhang Yong-zhan, Attending physician, Jincheng Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng Teaching Hospital of First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jincheng 048000, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:

计算机导航辅助系统:是基于医学影像技术、计算机技术以及三维空间定位追踪技术而发展起来的一种计算机辅助骨科手术。该定位系统的运用能够有效的弥补传统机械定位手术中存在的不足,降低了基于医师主观判断而产生的失误,且该定位系统具有专属性,能够根据每一位患者的实际情况制定个性化定位方法。
膝关节置换软组织平衡:膝关节周围软组织松弛、张力失衡是人工膝关节置换后脱位的主要原因。适当的膝周软组织松解及保持膝周软组织张力平衡可以降低置换后脱位的发生率。

 

  

背景:目前计算机导航辅助在全膝关节置换中得到应用,可以使得患者置入假体时位置更加准确,能够发挥良好的导航作用,提高膝关节假体旋转力线的精确度。国内计算机辅助导航系统起步较晚,在人工全膝关节置换定位以及软组织平衡中的应用报道较少。
目的:探讨计算机导航辅助在人工全膝关节置换定位以及软组织平衡中的应用效果。
方法:选取晋城市人民医院骨外科2015年1至9月收治的人工全膝关节置换患者40例(49膝),采用随机数字表法分为传统手术组(20例24膝)和导航组(20例25膝)。传统手术组采用股骨髓内定位杆以及胫骨髓外定位杆进行定位,导航组在计算机辅助下完成人工全膝关节置换。两组患者选择的修复切口以及入路均完全相同,分析计算机导航辅助在人工全膝关节置换中的定位效果以及对软组织平衡的影响。
结果与结论:①导航组手术时间显著长于传统手术组(P < 0.05);导航组出血量、24 h引流量显著少于传统手术组(P < 0.05)。②置换后导航组膝关节活动度、美国特种外科医院评分均显著高于传统手术组(P < 0.05);置换后导航组力线误差、软组织平衡角度变量以及软组织平衡分离变量均显著小于传统手术组(P < 0.05)。③提示计算机导航辅助在人工全膝关节置换中应用效果理想,假体置入更加准确,下肢力线更好,能够保证软组织平衡。但是计算机导航辅助的应用会增加手术时间,应用时应该综合考虑其利弊。 

ORCID: 0000-0003-3037-8330 (张永战)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 数字化骨科, 计算机导航, 全膝关节置换, 定位, 软组织平衡, 膝关节活动度, 美国特种外科医院评分, 力线误差

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Computer assisted navigation has been applied in total knee arthroplasty, can make the prosthesis more accurately implanted, play a good role in navigation, and enhance accuracy of knee prosthesis rotation power lines. Computer-assisted navigation system appears lately in China, so few studies concern the location of total knee arthroplasty and its application in soft tissue balance.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of computer navigation aids located in artificial total knee arthroplasty and soft tissue balance.
METHODS: A total of 40 patients (49 knees) who received total knee arthroplasty in Department of Orthopeadic Surgery of Jincheng People’s Hospital from January to September 2015 were analyzed. The patients were divided into conventional surgery group (20 cases, 24 knees) and navigation group (20 cases, 25 knees). The patients in the conventional surgery group were positioned with intramedullary femoral alignment bar and extramedullary tibial alignment bar. In the navigation group, total knee arthroplasty was performed in accordance with computer. Repair of incision and approach in both groups were identical. Positioning effect and effect of computer assisted navigation on soft tissue balance in total knee arthroplasty were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Operation time was longer significantly in the navigation group than in the conventional surgery group (P < 0.05). Blood loss and 24-hour drainage volume were significantly less in the navigation group than in the conventional surgery group (P < 0.05). (2) Range of motion of the knee and Hospital for Special Surgery score were significantly higher in the navigation group than in the conventional surgery group (P < 0.05). Power line error, soft tissue balance angle variable and soft tissue balance separation variables were significantly less in the navigation group than in the conventional surgery group (P < 0.05). (3) These results confirmed that computer navigation aids in total knee arthroplasty obtained ideal effect, ensured more accurate prosthesis implantation, better limb alignment, and ensured soft tissue balance. However, the computer-assisted navigation will increase operation time. For its application, we should consider the pros and cons.