中国组织工程研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (26): 4164-4168.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.26.013

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

经伤椎置钉并人工骨复合物修复胸腰椎骨折:伤椎高度及Cobb角评价

王建航,孙  涛,姜海萍   

  1. 烟台山医院骨创伤二科,山东省烟台市  264001
  • 收稿日期:2015-04-06 出版日期:2015-06-25 发布日期:2015-06-25
  • 作者简介:王建航,男,1977年生,山东省烟台市人,汉族,2009年潍坊医学院毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事创伤骨科与显微外科的基础与临床研究。

Pedicle screw fixation combined with implantation of artificial bone composite for thoracolumbar fractures: vertebral height and Cobb angle

Wang Jian-hang, Sun Tao, Jiang Hai-ping   

  1. Second Department of Bone Trauma, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264001, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2015-04-06 Online:2015-06-25 Published:2015-06-25
  • About author:Wang Jian-hang, Master, Attending physician, Second Department of Bone Trauma, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264001, Shandong Province, China

摘要:

背景:胸腰椎体骨折传统的治疗方法为经后路短节段椎弓根钉内固定,该方法主要通过撑开复位机制,利用伤椎周围软组织的牵拉,能使移位骨块复位,恢复椎体的外形和高度。但通过长期随访发现,部分病例存在伤椎椎体前缘高度丢失、脊柱Cobb角矫正度的丢失,椎弓根钉断裂、松动等并发症。
目的:探讨经伤椎置钉并植入人工骨复合物对胸腰椎骨折的修复效果,并与常规椎弓根内固定进行对比。
方法:选取烟台山医院2011年3月至2014年5月收治的80例胸腰椎骨折患者,随机分为两组,试验组实施经伤椎置钉并植入人工骨复合物,对照组实施常规椎弓根内固定。记录两组患者治疗前、治疗后6个月疼痛目测类比评分,评价治疗后疼痛缓解情况;测量两组患者治疗前、治疗后1,12个月的伤椎椎体高度(上下正常椎体前缘高度与伤椎前缘高度和的平均值之比乘以100%)和矢状面Cobb角(以X射线片矢状面测量)。治疗后6个月根据国内外常用的用的分级式评价标准,对患者的预后进行评价,分为基本治愈、显效、有效、无效。
结果与结论:治疗后6个月,试验组及对照组疼痛目测类比评分分别为2.4分和3.7分,差异有显著性意义 (P < 0.05)。治疗前两组患者在伤椎高度和Cobb角方面对比,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);治疗后1,12月伤椎高度、Cobb角对比,试验组优于对照组(P < 0.05)。治疗后6个月,试验组患者治疗有效率为90%,对照组为73%,两组差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。提示经伤椎置钉并植入人工骨复合物修复胸腰椎骨折可固定骨折处复位,有效恢复受伤椎体高度,防止治疗后出现Cobb角丢失,从而提高治疗有效率。
 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 植入物, 脊柱植入物, 胸腰椎骨折, 置钉, 人工骨复合物, 伤椎高度, Cobb角

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The traditional treatment for thoracolumbar vertebral fractures is posterior short-segment pedicle screw fixation. This method uses vertebral soft tissue stretch through distraction reduction mechanism, makes shift bone reset, and restores shape and height of vertebral body. Long-term follow-up found that part of cases experience complications such as vertebral height loss, loss of spinal correction of Cobb angle, the pedicle screw breakage and loosening.
OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effects of pedicle screw fixation combined with the implantation of artificial bone composite for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures, and to compare with conventional pedicle screw.  
METHODS: A total of 80 patients with thoracolumbar fractures, who were treated in the Yantaishan Hospital from March 2011 to May 2014, were randomly divided into two groups. In the experimental group, patients received pedicle screw fixation combined with the implantation of artificial bone composite. In the control group, patients received routine pedicle fixation. Pain visual analog scale score was evaluated before treatment and at 6 months after treatment in patients of both groups, and easement of pain was evaluated after treatment. Vertebral body height (normal anterior flange height and up and down the front cone height and the ratio of the average multiplied by 100%) and sagittal Cobb angle (sagittal measurements of X-ray film) were measured in patients of both groups before treatment and at 1 and 12 months after treatment. According to conventional hierarchical evaluation criteria used all over the world, prognosis was assessed at 6 months after treatment, including basic cure, powerfully, effectively, and invalid. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 6 months after treatment, significant differences in pain visual analog scale scores were detected in the experimental group (2.4 points) and control group (3.7 points) (P < 0.05). No significant difference in height of the injured vertebra and Cobb angle was detected between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). The height of the injured vertebra and Cobb angle were better in the experimental group compared with the control group at 1 and 12 months after treatment (P < 0.05). Significant differences in treatment efficiency were detectable between the experimental group (90%) and the control group (73%) at 6 months after treatment (P < 0.05). These data indicate that pedicle screw fixation combined with the implantation of artificial bone composite in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures can be used to fix fracture reduction, effectively restore height of injured vertebral body, prevent postoperative Cobb angle loss, and improve the treatment efficiency.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Thoracic Vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebrae, Fractures, Bone, Bone Nails, Fracture Fixation

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