中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (21): 5614-5620.doi: 10.12307/2026.327

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

骨移植修复腕舟状骨骨折后不愈合

郭  文,高斌礼,王  阳,林  森
  

  1. 内蒙古医科大学附属医院骨科,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010030
  • 接受日期:2025-04-16 出版日期:2026-07-28 发布日期:2026-03-06
  • 通讯作者: 林森,硕士,副主任医师,内蒙古医科大学附属医院骨科,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010030
  • 作者简介:郭文,男,1989年生,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市人,汉族,硕士,主治医师,主要从事手足显微外科及创伤骨科疾病的研究及诊疗。

Bone grafting for repairing scaphoid nonunion

Guo Wen, Gao Binli, Wang Yang, Lin Sen   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Accepted:2025-04-16 Online:2026-07-28 Published:2026-03-06
  • Contact: Lin Sen, MS, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Guo Wen, MS, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

摘要:

文题释义:

游离股骨内侧髁骨瓣:是以膝降动横支(或少见的膝内上动脉分支)为蒂切取的股骨内侧髁软骨瓣(必要时可同时切取观察皮岛)。
游离髂骨瓣:是以旋髂深动、静脉为蒂切取的髂骨瓣,又称为Pechlaner-Hussl带血管骨移植术。

摘要
背景:由于腕舟状骨骨折相对特殊的症状和解剖结构,未经治疗或治疗不及时的骨折常导致骨折不愈合、腕关节塌陷或功能丧失,进而出现持续性或间歇性的腕关节疼痛、肿胀、活动受限。目前骨移植技术种类繁多,治疗方法选择复杂,对于哪一种骨移植手术方法更好仍无定论。
目的:综述腕舟状骨骨折不愈合的研究现状,总结国内外近年来治疗骨折不愈合的不同骨移植技术,探讨各种骨移植技术的临床疗效及优缺点,为临床诊治提供指导。
方法:应用计算机检索1980-2024年发表在PubMed、MEDLINE、EMBASE数据库、中国知网、中华医学库、维普、万方数据库的相关文章,中文检索词为“舟骨骨折不愈合,手术治疗,骨移植术,骨瓣,舟骨近极”;英文检索词为“scaphoid nonunion,surgery,bone graft,bone flap,scaphoid proximal pole”。共检索到687篇文献,通过纳入标准和排除标准摘选 54篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①无血供骨移植仍是舟骨骨折不愈合的主流治疗方式,其中单纯松质骨移植成骨快(愈合率85%-100%),适用于无畸形病例;带皮质松质骨支撑性强(愈合率88%-93%),更利于恢复舟骨形态;②髂骨与桡骨远端供体在愈合率上无显著差异,但桡骨远端供区并发症更少(5% vs. 18%);③带血供骨移植术可显著提升复杂病例疗效:桡骨茎突骨瓣愈合率81%-92%,旋前方肌带蒂瓣愈合率93.3%,游离股骨内髁瓣重建关节面效果突出(愈合率95%),游离髂骨瓣成功率达91.7%-100%,但技术要求高;④舟骨骨折不愈合的治疗需遵循个体化原则:无血供移植适用于简单、血供良好的骨折,带血供移植则针对缺血坏死或复杂畸形;⑤未来需通过标准化影像学评估(如MRI分级)、生物增强技术(骨形态发生蛋白2、3D打印支架)及显微外科普及提升疗效,同时结合患者年龄、职业需求制定最优方案,平衡功能恢复与并发症防控。



中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 舟骨骨折不愈合, 手术治疗, 骨移植, 骨瓣, 舟骨近极

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the relatively special symptoms and anatomical structure of scaphoid fractures, untreated fractures or those with delayed treatment often lead to non-union of the fracture, carpal joint collapse, or loss of function, subsequently resulting in persistent or intermittent pain, swelling, and limited mobility in the carpal joint. Currently, although there are a wide variety of bone grafting techniques and the choice of treatment methods is complex, there is still no consensus on which bone grafting surgical method is superior.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research status of scaphoid nonunion, summarize different bone grafting surgeries for the treatment of nonunion of fractures at home and abroad in recent years, explore the clinical efficacy, advantages and disadvantages of various bone grafting techniques, and provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
METHODS: A computer was used to search for relevant articles published in the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, China Medical Library, VIP, and WanFang databases from 1980 to 2024. The Chinese and English search terms were “scaphoid nonunion, surgery, bone graft, bone flap, scaphoid proximal pole.” A total of 687 articles were retrieved, and 54 articles were selected for review through inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Non-vascularized graft is still the mainstream treatment for scaphoid nonunion. Among them, simple cancellous bone transplantation has fast bone formation (healing rate 85%-100%) and is suitable for cases without deformity; cortical cancellous bone has strong support (healing rate 88%-93%), which is more conducive to restoring the morphology of the scaphoid. (2) There is no significant difference in the healing rate between iliac bone and distal radial donors, but the distal radial donor site has fewer complications (5% vs. 18%). (3) Vascularized grafts can significantly improve the efficacy of complex cases: the healing rate of radial styloid bone flap is 81%-92%; the healing rate of pronator quadratus pedicle flap is 93.3%; the free medial femoral condyle flap has outstanding effect in reconstructing the articular surface (healing rate 95%), and the success rate of free iliac bone flap is up to 91.7%-100%, but the technical requirements are high. (4) The treatment of scaphoid fracture nonunion must follow the principle of individualization: bloodless transplantation is suitable for simple fractures with good blood supply, while blood-supply transplantation is for ischemic necrosis or complex deformities. (5) In the future, standardized imaging evaluation (such as MRI grading), bioenhancement technology (bone morphogenetic protein 2, 3D printing scaffolds), and microsurgery should be popularized to improve the efficacy, and the optimal plan should be formulated in combination with the patient's age and occupational needs to balance functional recovery and complication prevention and control.

Key words: scaphoid nonunion, surgical treatment, bone graft, bone flap, scaphoid proximal pole

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