中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (13): 3288-3297.doi: 10.12307/2026.322

• 干细胞外泌体 Stem cell exosomes • 上一篇    下一篇

鹿茸干细胞外泌体miRNA-145调控炎症软骨细胞的作用

蒋一頔,赵建伟,周  珏,吕金朋,王大涛,李勋胜,岳志刚,崔  博,孙红梅   

  1. 中国农业科学院特产研究所,吉林省长春市   130000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03 修回日期:2025-07-11 接受日期:2025-07-30 出版日期:2026-05-08 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 孙红梅,博士,副研究员,硕士生导师,中国农业科学院特产研究所,吉林省长春市 130000
  • 作者简介:蒋一頔,女,四川省成都市人,汉族,中国农业科学院在读硕士,主要从事鹿茸干细胞及再生医学模型的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省自然科学基金项目(YDZJ202401459ZYTS),项目负责人:孙红梅;中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-ISAPS),项目负责人:孙红梅

Regulation of antler stem cell exosomes miRNA-145 on inflammatory chondrocytes

Jiang Yidi, Zhao Jianwei, Zhou Jue, Lyu Jinpeng, Wang Datao, Li Xunsheng, Yue Zhigang, Cui Bo, Sun Hongmei   

  1. Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
  • Received:2025-04-03 Revised:2025-07-11 Accepted:2025-07-30 Online:2026-05-08 Published:2025-12-25
  • Contact: Sun Hongmei, PhD, Associate researcher, Master’s supervisor, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
  • About author:Jiang Yidi, Master candidate, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province, No. YDZJ202401459ZYTS (to SHM); Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. CAAS-ASTIP-2021-ISAPS (to SHM)

摘要:

文题释义:

外泌体:是一类由细胞内出芽形成的直径在50-150 nm的脂质双层微小囊泡,其包含mRNAs、miRNAs、蛋白质等成分,通过旁分泌作用参与细胞之间的信息传递并发挥对受体细胞的调控作用。
miRNA-145:是一种序列高度保守的非编码RNA,已有研究表明与骨关节炎的发生有关,通过降解mRNA或抑制其翻译过程,影响软骨细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡。

摘要
背景:近年来,干细胞外泌体对关节炎的治疗作用备受关注,课题组前期已发现鹿茸干细胞外泌体对软骨缺损有明显修复作用,但其作用机制尚不清楚。
目的:探究鹿茸干细胞外泌体中miRNA-145在关节炎软骨细胞中的调控作用和机制。
方法:通过慢病毒载体系统构建过表达miRNA-145的鹿茸干细胞,并通过超速离心法提取外泌体。将大鼠软骨细胞分为5组:空白对照组、白细胞介素1β组、外泌体+白细胞介素1β组、空载体转染外泌体+白细胞介素1β组、miRNA-145转染外泌体+白细胞介素1β组,除空白对照组外,其余4组用白细胞介素1β诱导软骨细胞24 h建立炎症细胞模型,然后分别用相应外泌体处理,采用CCK-8检测细胞增殖水平,划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,qPCR、Western blot实验检测软骨细胞相关基因和蛋白表达水平。
结果与结论:①外泌体呈现典型椭圆形双层囊泡样结构,直径在50-150 nm之间,均表达外泌体的经典标志物CD9、ALIX和TSG101,且不表达Calnexin;②鹿茸干细胞外泌体可提高炎症环境下软骨细胞活力、细胞迁移率、Ⅱ型胶原A1、转化生长因子β1、SMAD3、SOX9 mRNA和蛋白表达水平,降低基质金属蛋白酶13 mRNA表达水平;③miRNA-145过表达使炎症环境下软骨细胞活力、细胞迁移率、Ⅱ型胶原A1、转化生长因子β1、SMAD3、SOX9 mRNA和蛋白表达下降,基质金属蛋白酶13 mRNA表达上升;④结果表明,鹿茸干细胞外泌体可以通过转化生长因子β1/SMAD3信号通路促进软骨细胞修复,miRNA-145过表达后抑制软骨细胞修复。

关键词: 骨关节炎, 外泌体, 鹿茸干细胞, microRNA, miRNA-145, 软骨细胞, SOX9, 转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1), SMAD3

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, the research on the role of stem cell exosomes in the treatment of arthritis has attracted more and more attention. In the early stage, our research group found that the secretion of antler stem cells has the potential to repair cartilage injuries, but its specific function is still unclear. 
OBJECTIVE: To explore the regulatory role and mechanisms of antler stem cell exosomes miRNA-145 in chondrocyte injury repair. 
METHODS: A lentiviral vector system was employed to establish the antler stem cells overexpressing miRNA-145. Exosomes were extracted from these cells using ultracentrifugation. Rat chondrocytes were divided into five groups: blank control group, interleukin 1β group, exosomes + interleukin 1β group, empty vector transfected exosomes + interleukin 1β group, and miRNA-145 transfected exosomes + interleukin 1β group. Except for the blank control group, the chondrocytes in the other four groups were induced with interleukin 1β for 24 hours to establish an inflammatory cell model, and then treated with corresponding exosomes. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell proliferation level. The scratch test was used to detect the cell migration ability. qPCR and western blot assay were used to detect the expression levels of chondrocyte-related genes and proteins. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The exosomes exhibited a typical oval double-layer vesicle structure with diameters ranging from 50 to 150 nm, all of which expressed classical markers of exosomes, such as CD9, ALIX, and TSG101, and none of them expressed Calnexin. (2) Antler stem cell exosomes enhanced chondrocyte viability, cell mobility, type II collagen A1, transforming growth factor β1, SMAD3, SOX9 mRNA and protein expression levels, and reduced matrix metalloproteinase 13 mRNA expression level in the inflammatory environment. (3) miRNA-145 further decreased chondrocyte viability, cell mobility, type II collagen A1, transforming growth factor β1, SMAD3, SOX9 mRNA and protein expression, and further increased matrix metalloproteinase 13 mRNA expression in the inflammatory environment. (4) These results conclude that antler stem cell exosomes can promote chondrocyte repair through the transforming growth factor β1/SMAD3 signaling pathway, and overexpression of miRNA-145 inhibits chondrocyte repair. 

Key words: osteoarthritis, exosome, antler stem cell, microRNA, miRNA-145, chondrocyte, SOX9, transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), SMAD3

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