中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 248-259.doi: 10.12307/2025.565

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

不同嵌合抗原受体T细胞相关靶点治疗B细胞血液恶性肿瘤:长期随访数据综述

许凡萍,李勤椿,唐冬芳   

  1. 湖南科技学院,湖南省永州市   425199
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-07 接受日期:2024-11-22 出版日期:2026-01-08 发布日期:2025-07-02
  • 通讯作者: 唐冬芳,博士,讲师,湖南科技学院,湖南省永州市 425199
  • 作者简介:许凡萍,女,1992年生,福建省漳州市人,汉族,2018年昆明理工大学毕业,硕士,助理实验师,主要从事细胞生物学和医学检验工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32101022),项目负责人:唐冬芳;湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ40158),项目负责人:唐冬芳;湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(22A0572),项目负责人:唐冬芳;湖南省应用特色学科建设项目

Targeting diverse chimeric antigen receptor T cell-related targets in treatment of B-cell hematological malignancies: a review of long-term follow-up data

Xu Fanping, Li Qinchun, Tang Dongfang   

  1. Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, Hunan Province, China
  • Received:2024-09-07 Accepted:2024-11-22 Online:2026-01-08 Published:2025-07-02
  • Contact: Tang Dongfang, PhD, Lecturer, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, Hunan Province, China
  • About author:Xu Fanping, MS, Assistant experimentalist, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, Hunan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 32101022 (to TDF); Hunan Natural Science Foundation, No. 2022JJ40158 (to TDF); Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Education Department, No. 22A0572 (to TDF); Hunan Province Applied Characteristic Discipline Construction Project

摘要:

文题释义:

嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法:是一种免疫治疗技术,通过基因工程手段改造患者的T细胞,使其表面表达能识别肿瘤抗原的嵌合抗原受体,从而激活并引导T细胞精准杀死癌细胞。这种疗法在血液肿瘤中显示出显著疗效,已有多款嵌合抗原受体T细胞产品获批上市。
B细胞血液恶性肿瘤:起源于血液或骨髓中的B细胞,包括各种类型的B细胞淋巴瘤和B细胞白血病。例如,B细胞急性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、非霍奇金淋巴瘤中的B细胞类型(如弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤)等。

摘要
背景:嵌合抗原受体T (chimeric antigen receptor T,CAR-T)细胞疗法是治疗B细胞血液恶性肿瘤的前沿方法,其能高效且特异性地识别并杀伤肿瘤细胞,不受主要组织相容性复合体限制。
目的:旨在梳理CAR-T细胞的结构、发展历程及上市产品进展,总结CAR-T细胞治疗B细胞血液恶性肿瘤的长期疗效,并探讨治疗后的毒副作用、复发性及解决策略,同时综述潜在靶点治疗B细胞血液恶性肿瘤的进展。 
方法:以“嵌合抗原受体T细胞,B细胞恶性肿瘤,毒副作用,免疫疗法”为中文检索词,以“CAR-T、B cell hematological malignancies,Toxic side effects,Immunotherapy”为英文检索词在中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed数据库检索CAR-T细胞相关靶点治疗B细胞恶性肿瘤的文献。
结果与结论:①美国食品药品监督管理局和中国国家药品监督管理局共批准11款CAR-T细胞产品,主要针对B细胞血液恶性肿瘤的CD19和B细胞成熟抗原靶点;②长期随访数据显示,CAR-T细胞治疗为B细胞血液恶性肿瘤患者带来高缓解率和持久反应,但存在抗原丢失或下调导致的复发问题;③CAR-T细胞治疗存在高毒副作用、高复发率和耐药性等问题,限制了其广泛应用;④未来研究的方向包括开发新的靶点、联合治疗等策略,以提高CAR-T细胞的持久性和抗肿瘤活性。 

关键词: B细胞血液恶性肿瘤, 嵌合抗原受体T细胞, 免疫疗法, 治疗靶点, 长期疗效, 毒副作用, 复发

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy is a cutting-edge approach for the treatment of B cell hematological malignancies. These cells efficiently and specifically recognize and kill tumor cells, unrestricted by major histocompatibility complex limitations.
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the structure, developmental history, and marketed progress of chimeric antigen receptor T cells, summarize their long-term efficacy in B cell hematological malignancies treatments, and discuss associated toxicities, recurrence, and mitigation strategies. Additionally, it reviews the advancement of potential targets in B cell hematological malignancies treatments.
METHODS: Searches were conducted in PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang databases using the terms “CAR-T, B cell hematological malignancies, toxic side effects, immunotherapy” in Chinese and English, focusing on articles regarding chimeric antigen receptor T cell targets in B-cell malignant tumor treatments.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and National Medical Products Administration have approved 11 chimeric antigen receptor T cell products, primarily targeting CD19 and B cell maturation antigen targets in B cell hematological malignancies. (2) Long-term follow-up data indicate that chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy provides a high remission rate and enduring responses in B cell hematological malignancies patients, albeit with recurrence issues due to antigen loss or downregulation. (3) Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy is associated with significant toxicities, a high recurrence rate, and drug resistance, constraining its broad application. (4) Future research should concentrate on developing new targets, combined therapies, and strategies to enhance chimeric antigen receptor T cell persistence and antitumor activity.


Key words: B cell hematological malignancies, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, immunotherapy, therapeutic targets, long-term efficacy, toxic side effects, recurrence

中图分类号: