中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (10): 1566-1573.doi: 10.12307/2022.205

• 纳米生物材料 nanobiomaterials • 上一篇    下一篇

制备HPe6DF复合纳米粒子增强光动力治疗效果

蔡胜胜,梅  衡,张学全,邓  劲,曹  俊,何  斌   

  1. 四川大学,国家生物医学材料工程技术研究中心,四川省成都市  610064
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-07 修回日期:2021-05-11 接受日期:2021-06-16 出版日期:2022-04-08 发布日期:2021-10-27
  • 通讯作者: 曹俊,研究员,四川大学,国家生物医学材料工程技术研究中心,四川省成都市 610064
  • 作者简介:蔡胜胜,男,1996年生,安徽省宿州市人,汉族,四川大学在读硕士,主要从事纳米药物递送系统研究
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0702603),项目参与者:曹俊

Prepared HPe6DF composite nanoparticles enhance the effect of photodynamic therapy

Cai Shengsheng, Mei Heng, Zhang Xuequan, Deng Jin, Cao Jun, He Bin   

  1. National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2021-05-07 Revised:2021-05-11 Accepted:2021-06-16 Online:2022-04-08 Published:2021-10-27
  • Contact: Cao Jun, Researcher, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Cai Shengsheng, Master candidate, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China, No. 2017YFB0702603 (to CJ)

摘要: 文题释义:
光动力疗法:是一种毒副作用小、可重复光照治疗及创伤轻微的癌症治疗方法,其原理是在特定波长激光的照射下,光敏剂可以吸收激光的能量,发生一系列化学反应生成具有细胞毒性的活性氧,从而杀死肿瘤细胞。
NLG8189:是一种吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶的小分子抑制剂,它通过抑制肿瘤细胞内吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶的活性,减少色氨酸向犬尿氨酸的代谢,从而促进T细胞的增殖分化,改善免疫抑制微环境。

背景:常用光敏剂疏水性强、缺乏靶向性等问题严重限制了光动力疗法的治疗效果。虽然纳米药物载体可将光敏剂靶向递送到肿瘤部位,但肿瘤部位的缺氧微环境严重削弱了光动力疗法的疗效。此外,光动力疗法可通过诱导肿瘤细胞免疫原性死亡激活宿主免疫应答,但这也受到免疫抑制微环境的限制。
目的:合成目标材料并评估其组装成复合纳米粒子后的各项性能、增强光动力疗法效果及联合免疫治疗的可行性。
方法:通过氨基酸闭环反应、开环聚合、缩合反应等合成两亲性功能化聚赖氨酸和吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶小分子抑制剂NLG8189二聚体,通过透析法将其制备为纳米粒子的内核;加载全氟己烷并包裹透明质酸后得到HPe6DF纳米粒子,测试该复合纳米粒子的粒径、电位、表面形貌、酶响应性、氧气负载量、活性氧产生等能力。体外将HPe6DF纳米粒子与鼠源乳腺癌细胞4T1共培养,评估纳米粒子的细胞摄取、活性氧的产生、细胞毒性、细胞凋亡、免疫原性细胞死亡以及对吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶的抑制等能力。
结果与结论:①实验成功制备了大小均一的球形HPe6DF纳米粒子,其粒径约150 nm,电位约-20 mV,该复合纳米粒子具有一定的透明质酸酶响应性、优异的氧气负载能力及活性氧产生能力;②与细胞复合培养实验结果显示,HPe6DF纳米粒子以时间依赖的方式在胞内累积,并且在其余条件相同时,透明质酸预孵育组的荧光强度明显弱于无透明质酸预孵育组,证明HPe6DF纳米粒子可通过跨膜糖蛋白CD44介导的方式加速入胞;在光照条件下,HPe6DF纳米粒子可有效提高胞内活性氧水平,从而促进细胞凋亡,进而诱导肿瘤细胞免疫原性死亡,并且可以有效抑制肿瘤细胞内吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶的活性;③结果表明,HPe6DF纳米粒子既可提高光动力效率、增强肿瘤细胞的免疫原性,还可以缓解肿瘤部位免疫抑制微环境。

关键词:纳米粒子;光动力疗法;缓解缺氧;免疫疗法;吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶;二氢卟吩e6;活性氧;细胞凋亡;免疫原性死亡

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-1058 (蔡胜胜) 

关键词: 纳米粒子;光动力疗法;缓解缺氧;免疫疗法;吲哚胺-2, 3-双加氧酶;二氢卟吩e6;活性氧;细胞凋亡;免疫原性死亡

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The strong hydrophobicity and lack of targeting of commonly used photosensitizers seriously limit the therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy. Although nanodrug carriers are capable of delivering photosensitizers to tumor sites, the tumor hypoxia microenvironment seriously weakens the efficiency of photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, the photodynamic therapy-induced immune response would also be limited due to the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.  

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the targeted nanoparticles and evaluate their physicochemical properties, the efficiency of enhancing photodynamic therapy and the feasibility of combined immunotherapy. 
METHODS: Amphiphilic functionalized polylysine and NLG8189 dimer was synthesized by amino acid closed-loop reaction, ring-opening polymerization and condensation reaction. The core of nanoparticles (Pe6D) was prepared by the dialysis method, followed by the perfluoro hexane loading and hyaluronic acid wrapping to obtain the composite HPe6DF nanoparticles. Thereafter, the particle size, zeta potential, surface morphology, enzyme responsiveness, oxygen loading efficiency, and reactive oxygen species production of HPe6DF were studied. Mouse breast cancer cells 4T1 was served as in vitro cell model for the biological evaluation of HPe6DF nanoparticles, including cellular uptake, reactive oxygen species production, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell immunogenic death and inhibition of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase enzymes.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Successfully prepared HPe6DF nanoparticles present uniform spherical morphology with a hydration diameter of 150 nm and the zeta potential is around -20 mV. Moreover, the composite nanoparticles have a certain hyaluronidase responsiveness, good oxygen loading ability, and active oxygen production ability. (2) The results of the cell compound culture experiment showed that HPe6DF nanoparticles accumulated in the cell in a time-dependent manner. Under the same other conditions, the fluorescence intensity of the hyaluronic acid pre-incubation group was significantly weaker than that of the non-hyaluronic acid pre-incubation group, proving that HPe6DF nanoparticles could enter the cell effectively through CD44 mediation. Under light conditions, HPe6DF nanoparticles had good reactive oxygen species production ability in cells, could promote cell apoptosis efficiently, and further induce immunogenic death, and can effectively inhibit the activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase in tumor cells. (3) The results show that HPe6DF nanoparticles can not only improve the photodynamic efficiency, enhance the immunogenicity of tumor cells, but also relieve the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the tumor site.

Key words: nanoparticles, photodynamic therapy, relief hypoxia, immunotherapy, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, chlorin e6, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, immunogenic death

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